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Ch. 1.2 Classification

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This document contains notes from a biology classroom lesson on classifying organisms. It discusses the different historical classification systems developed by Aristotle, Linnaeus, and Whittaker. The current system recognizes 3 domains, 6 kingdoms, and uses cell structure, habitat, energy/food sources, anatomy, DNA, and common ancestry to classify organisms. Binomial nomenclature and tools like dichotomous keys and cladograms are also introduced as methods to classify and identify unknown organisms.

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2/11/15 Bell work: What are the 6 kingdoms of life? (refer to Ch. 1.2 WS or book, if needed) Announcements: • Ch. 6 Retakes available on Blackboard #18 Objectives: Students will classify objects based on shared characteristics.
Classifying Organisms Ch. 1.2
Focus Questions 1. What methods are used to classify organisms into groups? 2. What is binomial nomenclature? 3. What tools can we use to classify organisms?
1. What methods are used to classify organisms into groups? Aristotle (384 B.C.- 322 B.C.): 2 groups: plants & animals Carolus Linnaeus (1700s): 2 kingdoms, multiple levels, & created a naming system Robert H. Whittaker (1969): 5-kingdom system Systematics (1990s): current system: 3 domains, 6 kingdoms
• The classification system of living things is still changing. • Systematics uses all known evidence about organisms, such as: – Cell type, its habitat, the way an organism obtains food & energy, structure & function of its features, common ancestry, and DNA structure 1. What methods are used to classify organisms into groups?
(LIFE) Bacteria Bacteria Archaea Archaea Eukarya Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia
Ch. 1.2 Classification
8 levels of classification: D K P C O F G S 1. What methods are used to classify organisms into groups? 8 levels of classification: Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species 8 levels of classification: Daring King Phillip Came Over For Great Spaghetti
Ch. 1.2 Classification
What level of classification comes after phylum? A. Kingdom B. Class C. Order D. Genus Kingdom Class Order Genus 0 000 45
Who was one of the first people to classify organisms? a. Linnaeus b. Whittaker c. Darwin d. Aristotle Linnaeus W hittaker Darw in Aristotle 0 000 45
• Linnaeus’s naming system that gives each organism a 2-word scientific name (species). • A species is a group of organisms with similar traits & with the ability to produce fertile offspring. • Example: common house cat Ex: Felis domesticus 1st part = Genus name 2nd part = specific name 2. What is binomial nomenclature?
What does the first part of a scientific name refer to? a. Genus b. Species c. Specific name d. Family Genus Species Specificnam e Fam ily 0 000 45
• Dichotomous key: – A series of paired statements • Cladograms: – Branched diagram that shows relationships among organisms (common ancestry) 3. What tools can we use to classify organisms?
3. What tools can we use to classify organisms?
Enter question text...Which animal is more closely related to the chimp? a. Lizard b. Salamander c. Mouse d. Pigeon Lizard Salam ander M ouse Pigeon 0 000 45
What is the key difference (characteristic) between the salamander and the lizard? a. Jaws b. Lungs c. Claws or nails d. Feathers e. Fur, mammary glands Jaw s LungsClaw sornails Feathers Fur,m am m aryglands 0 0 000 45
Which is more closely related to the Perch? a. Salamander b. Lizard c. Pigeon d. Mouse e. Chimp Salam ander Lizard Pigeon M ouse Chim p 0 0 000 45
Physical similarities are the only characteristics used to classify organisms. a. Agree b. Disagree Agree Disagree 00 30
A dichotomous key can be used to identify unknown organisms. a. Agree b. Disagree Agree Disagree 00 30

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Ch. 1.2 Classification

  • 1. 2/11/15 Bell work: What are the 6 kingdoms of life? (refer to Ch. 1.2 WS or book, if needed) Announcements: • Ch. 6 Retakes available on Blackboard #18 Objectives: Students will classify objects based on shared characteristics.
  • 3. Focus Questions 1. What methods are used to classify organisms into groups? 2. What is binomial nomenclature? 3. What tools can we use to classify organisms?
  • 4. 1. What methods are used to classify organisms into groups? Aristotle (384 B.C.- 322 B.C.): 2 groups: plants & animals Carolus Linnaeus (1700s): 2 kingdoms, multiple levels, & created a naming system Robert H. Whittaker (1969): 5-kingdom system Systematics (1990s): current system: 3 domains, 6 kingdoms
  • 5. • The classification system of living things is still changing. • Systematics uses all known evidence about organisms, such as: – Cell type, its habitat, the way an organism obtains food & energy, structure & function of its features, common ancestry, and DNA structure 1. What methods are used to classify organisms into groups?
  • 8. 8 levels of classification: D K P C O F G S 1. What methods are used to classify organisms into groups? 8 levels of classification: Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species 8 levels of classification: Daring King Phillip Came Over For Great Spaghetti
  • 10. What level of classification comes after phylum? A. Kingdom B. Class C. Order D. Genus Kingdom Class Order Genus 0 000 45
  • 11. Who was one of the first people to classify organisms? a. Linnaeus b. Whittaker c. Darwin d. Aristotle Linnaeus W hittaker Darw in Aristotle 0 000 45
  • 12. • Linnaeus’s naming system that gives each organism a 2-word scientific name (species). • A species is a group of organisms with similar traits & with the ability to produce fertile offspring. • Example: common house cat Ex: Felis domesticus 1st part = Genus name 2nd part = specific name 2. What is binomial nomenclature?
  • 13. What does the first part of a scientific name refer to? a. Genus b. Species c. Specific name d. Family Genus Species Specificnam e Fam ily 0 000 45
  • 14. • Dichotomous key: – A series of paired statements • Cladograms: – Branched diagram that shows relationships among organisms (common ancestry) 3. What tools can we use to classify organisms?
  • 15. 3. What tools can we use to classify organisms?
  • 16. Enter question text...Which animal is more closely related to the chimp? a. Lizard b. Salamander c. Mouse d. Pigeon Lizard Salam ander M ouse Pigeon 0 000 45
  • 17. What is the key difference (characteristic) between the salamander and the lizard? a. Jaws b. Lungs c. Claws or nails d. Feathers e. Fur, mammary glands Jaw s LungsClaw sornails Feathers Fur,m am m aryglands 0 0 000 45
  • 18. Which is more closely related to the Perch? a. Salamander b. Lizard c. Pigeon d. Mouse e. Chimp Salam ander Lizard Pigeon M ouse Chim p 0 0 000 45
  • 19. Physical similarities are the only characteristics used to classify organisms. a. Agree b. Disagree Agree Disagree 00 30
  • 20. A dichotomous key can be used to identify unknown organisms. a. Agree b. Disagree Agree Disagree 00 30