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model organism arabidopsis thaliana sanger sequencing caenorhabditis elegans lipoproteins properties and functions hyperuricemia column chromatography metabolomics glycosylation metabolome homeostasis metabolic engineering phosphorylation nitrogen metabolism epigenetics and epigenomics comparative genomics mus musculus classification population genomics shotgun sequencing disorders diabetes mellitus ogtt renal threshold factors regulation of blood glucose hyperglycaemic hypoglycaemic insulin glucagon gluconeogenesis glycogenesis glycogenolysis pentosuria galactosemia glycogen storage diseases von gierke's disease lipid metabolism watson crick base pairing hoogsteen base pairing hydrogen bond and glycosidic b a proteins amino acids structure of amino acids properties and reactions 20 amino acids coded by dna structural units of protein substituents of amino acids zwitter ion l-amino acids-building block classification of amino acids peptides peptide linkage polypeptide simple protein conjugated protein derived protein globular and fibrous proteins primary hyperlipoproteinemia jaundice bilirubinemia hyperbilirubinemia vanden bergh reaction hemolytic jaundice choluria obstructive jaundice urobilinogen fatty livers carnitine lipotropic factors choline deficiency choline functions of liver and kidney inulins and urea clearance genetic mapping uraemia plasma urea concentration gout genomics mapping and sequencing carbohydrate metabolism fatty acids triacylglycerol gastric lipase pancreatic lipase bile salts next generation sequencing lipidology plasma lipids high throughput sequencing cholesterol strategies of sequencing hmg-coa reductase chylomicron syndrome physical mapping lipoprotein lipase familial hypercholesterolaemia inheritance of one mutant gene tendon xanthoma hyperlipidemias chylomicrons ion product for water (kw) ph pka henderson hasselbalch equation acids and bases conjugate acids conjugate bases dissociation constant of water biological solvent water planet unique properties chemical structure polarity hydrogen bonds sticky wet water surface tension capillary action boiling point water soluble vitamins b complex vitamins thiamin (vitamin b1) riboflavin (vitamin b2) niacin (vitamin b3) monosaccharides disaccharides polysaccharides homopolysaccharides heteropolysaccharides proteoglycan glycoproteins blood group substances sialic acid lectin carbohydrates nomenclature biological functions of sugars biologically important sugars properties of sugars auto ionization of water autoprotolysis amphoteric nature of water intermolecular proton transfer hydronium ion hydroxide ion dissociation of water dissociation constant-k molar concentration of water phospholipids glycolipids sulpholipids steroids terpenes carotenoids isoprene units eicosanoids nucleic acid-dna and rna gene-part of dna functions of dna rna different types of rna messenger rnas (mrnas) ribosomal rnas (rrnas) transfer rnas (trnas) small nuclear rna (snrna) micro rna (mirna) small interfering rna (sirna) heterogenous rna (hnrna) nucleotides nucleoside pyrimidine and purine bases pentose sugar phosphate vitamin b6 (pyridoxine) folate (folic acid) vitamin b12 biotin pantothenic acid fat soluble vitamins vitamin a-carotene in plants α-³¦²¹°ù´Ç³Ù±ð²Ô±ð²õ β-³¦²¹°ù´Ç³Ù±ð²Ô±ð²õ γ-³¦²¹°ù´Ç³Ù±ð²Ô±ð²õ 3 forms of vitamin a-retinol vitamin d3-cholecalciferol vitamin e -tocopherol vitamin k-phylloquinone lipids simple lipids complex lipids derived lipids composition of lipids fatty acid chain alcohol saturated fatty acid unsaturated fatty acid fats and waxes lipoprotein lipase deficiency concatamer biotinylated oligo (dt) primer streptavidin beads proteomics total protein content analytical techniques 2d electrophoresis 1d gel electrophoresis field flow fractionation purification of proteins separation of proteins identification of proteins maldi-tof mascot aldente popitam quickmod peptide cutter proteolytic cleavage ubiquitination introduction intermediary metabolism metabolic pathways gene regulation transcription factors gene expression models prokaryotic and eukaryotic signal transduction gene expression technology transcriptomics transcriptome expression profiling multiplexing northern blot rna dot blot reverse northern blot nuclease protection rt-pcr cdna library dna arrays est sequencing sequence tagged site ests database rna-seq wtss sage substrate channeling metabolic target analysis metabolic profiling targeted metabolomics untargeted metabolomics herbal drug medicinal herb herbalism traditional medicine pharmacognosy phytomedicine phytotherapy plant extract ethnopharmacology herbal formulation extractionn enfleurage maceration separation isolation of active component identification of compound biological screening clinical trials metabolites metabolic turnover global metabolite profiles in analytical methodologies metabolite profiling high-throughput detection data deconvolution methods sample preparation gas chromatogrphy gc-ms lc-ms nmr data analysis the total metabolite pool high-throughput analysis of me fluxomics turnover of metabolites power of metabolomics silent knockout mutations interactome map diseasome online mendelian inheritance metabolic disease network modern drug covalent modifications dna methylation acetylation of the k14 histone lysine methyltransfera epigenome restriction endonuclease chromatin remodelling non coding rna acetylation methylation ubiquitylation sumoylation adp-ribosylation rna interference genome projects maxam gilbert sequencing automated sequencing bacteriophage ms2 haemophilus influenzae methanococcus jannaschii saccharomyces cerevisiae model organisms pan troglodyte human genome project pharmacogenomics genomic medicine health genomics comparison of genomic features genome project evolutionary relationship alignment of genome sequences ±è³ó±ð²Ô´Ç³Ù²â±è¾±³¦Ìý±ð±¹´Ç±ô³Ü³Ù¾±´Ç²Ô distantly related organisms humans and the yeast drosophila melanogaster genome evolutionary relationships related genomes analyzing homology paralogous sequences caenorhabditis briggsae computational tools ucsc browser ensembl mapview heritable traits epigenetic mechanisms saccharomyces pompe understand phenotypic variatio mathematical models qtl mapping fixation index or fst tajima's d fst mcdonald kreitman test personalized genomics gene expression transcription translation initiation elongation termination processing post translation process ±ð³æó²Ô intron splicing promoter enhancer oryza sativa zebra fish milestones of hgp significance of hgp gold public health genomics ngs highthroughput sequencing illumina roche 454 ion torrent pyrosequencing solid cdna dntps paired end sequencing snp emulsion pcr microevolution phylogenetic relation demography of a population gel electrophoresis restriction enzyme mapping repressor