Group members presented on Jerome Kerviel, a rogue trader at Société Générale who conducted unauthorized trades totaling $87 billion. Kerviel was able to bypass the bank's internal controls by learning them during his previous risk management role and removing false transactions before checks. His supervisors ignored over 75 trade errors and proposed bonuses for his behavior. When the fraud was discovered, Société Générale reported it to authorities and terminated Kerviel and his supervisors, while the CEOs resigned.
International banking and money marketArpita Gupta
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This document discusses international banking and money markets. It defines international banking services and the types of international banking offices, including correspondent banks, representative offices, foreign branches, subsidiaries, affiliates, and offshore banking centers. It also covers capital adequacy standards under the Basel Accords, the international money market including eurocurrency and eurocredits, and international debt crises involving sovereign loans to less developed countries.
The 2007-2009 global financial crisis was driven by factors such as cheap credit, securitization of mortgages, and conflicts of interest in financial institutions, leading to a significant housing market collapse. It resulted in massive institutional failures and the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history, necessitating unprecedented government bailouts and interventions. Recovery efforts included the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) and various economic stimulus acts from both the Bush and Obama administrations.
The document summarizes key facts about the Canadian banking system:
1) Canada has the soundest banking system in the world according to the World Economic Forum, with 6 of the world's 10 strongest banks being Canadian.
2) Canadian banks are highly regulated and follow conservative lending practices, requiring higher capital levels than international standards.
3) Canadian banks have been able to acquire over 100 companies abroad since 2008 due to their financial strength and flexibility under capital rules.
This document summarizes a lecture on petroleum risks and decision analysis. It discusses defining risk and uncertainty, identifying uncertainties in exploration and production, tools for quantifying risk like sensitivity analysis and decision trees, and characteristics of petroleum projects that involve risks from reserves, costs, prices, and more. Specific examples of risks are explored, like the Varanus Island gas explosion case study. The lecture covers probability scales, consequences of risks, and approaches to dealing with and responding to risky events.
The document discusses financial crises, outlining their types, causes, consequences, and relevant case studies, such as Golden Key and Lehman Brothers. It emphasizes how crises stem from liquidity issues, asset devaluation, and mismanagement, highlighting their impact on economies, particularly Sri Lanka's. Furthermore, it proposes measures for controlling financial crises, underscoring the lessons learned from past events.
The document presents a brief overview of the Dutch tulip mania of the 17th century, detailing how tulips became a luxury item and how speculative trading drove prices to extraordinary heights before a sharp collapse in 1637. It highlights the intense demand for tulip bulbs and the significant fortunes lost during the market crash. The presentation emphasizes that it is based on publicly available information and does not provide investment advice.
Lehman Brothers was founded in 1844 and survived many financial crises until filing for bankruptcy in 2008. Its collapse was due to excessive risk taking including subprime mortgage lending and leverage. This caused liquidity problems and global market turmoil, with impacts like money market funds breaking the buck and commercial real estate price depreciation. The bankruptcy exacerbated the late 2000s financial crisis and recession.
1) Green bonds are fixed income instruments that raise capital for projects with environmental benefits. The market has grown rapidly, with estimated issuance reaching $100 billion in 2015 and $1 trillion by 2020.
2) Green bonds ensure that proceeds are used only for eligible green projects and that environmental impacts are properly monitored and reported. Standards like the Green Bond Principles provide guidelines for issuance and transparency.
3) Drivers of growth include increasing demand from socially responsible investors, efforts to mitigate climate change, and policy directives in Asia to develop green bond markets. However, challenges remain around standardization, developing secondary markets, and ensuring a steady pipeline of high-quality projects.
The document discusses financing options for a submarine cable project between Australia and Japan being undertaken by Telstra.
Some key points:
- The $520 million project involves building a 12,500km submarine cable with partners Telstra, Teleglobe, and Japan Telecom.
- Project financing, using 15% equity and 85% debt, is proposed to limit Telstra's exposure, with the debt structured into Tranches A and B backed by presale capacity commitments.
- Other options considered include full corporate financing by Telstra or a smaller number of sponsors, but these involve higher risk of excess capacity and fast price erosion.
- The project faces risks from price declines, construction delays
Introduction of VAR/GVAR Model as a Methodology to Develop Stress Test Scenar...基晴 出井
?
The document introduces VAR and GVAR models as methodologies to develop stress test scenarios for market risks. VAR models time-series variables as a vector autoregression and allows generating impulse response functions to estimate how variables respond to shocks over time while accounting for interrelationships. GVAR models separate economies as individual VAR models to improve accuracy when incorporating many indices. The document discusses benefits, challenges and experiences of VAR models and provides examples of their use in stress testing.
Icelandic banks experienced the largest banking collapse relative to the country's economy in 2008 due to overexpansion and risky lending practices. Iceland's three largest banks collapsed under huge debts owed in other countries. The government restructured the failed banks into new banks, guaranteed deposits, and received IMF funding to stabilize the domestic banking system. Iceland also imposed capital controls, wrote down household debt, and its central bank maintained high interest rates. These measures helped lead to Iceland's fast economic recovery despite the severity of the banking crisis.
The 2008 financial crisis was caused by the collapse of the sub-prime mortgage market in the United States, which spread globally. Major financial institutions like Lehman Brothers failed or were bailed out by governments. Complex financial products like collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) spread risk in opaque ways and exacerbated the crisis. The crisis had wide-ranging aftermath including government bailouts, investigations into its causes, and protests against Wall Street like the Occupy Wall Street movement.
Executing value creation plans to maximize returnsEY
?
The document presents a framework for value creation in private equity, focusing on maximizing returns through strategic initiatives across the investment lifecycle. It highlights the importance of revenue enhancement, margin improvement, and capital efficiency, while providing insights into private equity market dynamics. The content is delivered by Ernst & Young experts and underscores the need for tailored approaches to value creation in the current economic environment.
The document summarizes key facts about the Canadian banking system:
1) Canada has the soundest banking system in the world according to the World Economic Forum, with 6 of the world's 10 strongest banks being Canadian.
2) Canadian banks are highly regulated and follow conservative lending practices, requiring higher capital levels than international standards.
3) Canadian banks have been able to acquire over 100 companies abroad since 2008 due to their financial strength and flexibility under capital rules.
This document summarizes a lecture on petroleum risks and decision analysis. It discusses defining risk and uncertainty, identifying uncertainties in exploration and production, tools for quantifying risk like sensitivity analysis and decision trees, and characteristics of petroleum projects that involve risks from reserves, costs, prices, and more. Specific examples of risks are explored, like the Varanus Island gas explosion case study. The lecture covers probability scales, consequences of risks, and approaches to dealing with and responding to risky events.
The document discusses financial crises, outlining their types, causes, consequences, and relevant case studies, such as Golden Key and Lehman Brothers. It emphasizes how crises stem from liquidity issues, asset devaluation, and mismanagement, highlighting their impact on economies, particularly Sri Lanka's. Furthermore, it proposes measures for controlling financial crises, underscoring the lessons learned from past events.
The document presents a brief overview of the Dutch tulip mania of the 17th century, detailing how tulips became a luxury item and how speculative trading drove prices to extraordinary heights before a sharp collapse in 1637. It highlights the intense demand for tulip bulbs and the significant fortunes lost during the market crash. The presentation emphasizes that it is based on publicly available information and does not provide investment advice.
Lehman Brothers was founded in 1844 and survived many financial crises until filing for bankruptcy in 2008. Its collapse was due to excessive risk taking including subprime mortgage lending and leverage. This caused liquidity problems and global market turmoil, with impacts like money market funds breaking the buck and commercial real estate price depreciation. The bankruptcy exacerbated the late 2000s financial crisis and recession.
1) Green bonds are fixed income instruments that raise capital for projects with environmental benefits. The market has grown rapidly, with estimated issuance reaching $100 billion in 2015 and $1 trillion by 2020.
2) Green bonds ensure that proceeds are used only for eligible green projects and that environmental impacts are properly monitored and reported. Standards like the Green Bond Principles provide guidelines for issuance and transparency.
3) Drivers of growth include increasing demand from socially responsible investors, efforts to mitigate climate change, and policy directives in Asia to develop green bond markets. However, challenges remain around standardization, developing secondary markets, and ensuring a steady pipeline of high-quality projects.
The document discusses financing options for a submarine cable project between Australia and Japan being undertaken by Telstra.
Some key points:
- The $520 million project involves building a 12,500km submarine cable with partners Telstra, Teleglobe, and Japan Telecom.
- Project financing, using 15% equity and 85% debt, is proposed to limit Telstra's exposure, with the debt structured into Tranches A and B backed by presale capacity commitments.
- Other options considered include full corporate financing by Telstra or a smaller number of sponsors, but these involve higher risk of excess capacity and fast price erosion.
- The project faces risks from price declines, construction delays
Introduction of VAR/GVAR Model as a Methodology to Develop Stress Test Scenar...基晴 出井
?
The document introduces VAR and GVAR models as methodologies to develop stress test scenarios for market risks. VAR models time-series variables as a vector autoregression and allows generating impulse response functions to estimate how variables respond to shocks over time while accounting for interrelationships. GVAR models separate economies as individual VAR models to improve accuracy when incorporating many indices. The document discusses benefits, challenges and experiences of VAR models and provides examples of their use in stress testing.
Icelandic banks experienced the largest banking collapse relative to the country's economy in 2008 due to overexpansion and risky lending practices. Iceland's three largest banks collapsed under huge debts owed in other countries. The government restructured the failed banks into new banks, guaranteed deposits, and received IMF funding to stabilize the domestic banking system. Iceland also imposed capital controls, wrote down household debt, and its central bank maintained high interest rates. These measures helped lead to Iceland's fast economic recovery despite the severity of the banking crisis.
The 2008 financial crisis was caused by the collapse of the sub-prime mortgage market in the United States, which spread globally. Major financial institutions like Lehman Brothers failed or were bailed out by governments. Complex financial products like collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) spread risk in opaque ways and exacerbated the crisis. The crisis had wide-ranging aftermath including government bailouts, investigations into its causes, and protests against Wall Street like the Occupy Wall Street movement.
Executing value creation plans to maximize returnsEY
?
The document presents a framework for value creation in private equity, focusing on maximizing returns through strategic initiatives across the investment lifecycle. It highlights the importance of revenue enhancement, margin improvement, and capital efficiency, while providing insights into private equity market dynamics. The content is delivered by Ernst & Young experts and underscores the need for tailored approaches to value creation in the current economic environment.
L'Oréal announced the acquisition of Aesop for $2.5 billion, aimed at enhancing its presence in the luxury beauty and fragrance sector. This merger is expected to provide synergies, capitalize on Aesop's growing e-commerce and retail sales, and leverage opportunities in the expanding Chinese fragrance market. Aesop's unique brand positioning as a sustainable luxury brand also aligns with L'Oréal's strategic growth goals.