1. 第1章 計算機簡介
計算機科學大事紀
电脑的分类
當代计算机的通用架构
电脑的优势
Textbook
課本
計算機概論, 趙坤茂、張雅惠、黃寶萱/著,
全華科技
參考書
1. Foundations of Computer Science – From Data
Manipulation to Theory of Computation,
By Behrouz A. Forouzan, 歐亞
1-2
1
7. 计算机的通用架构
「馮紐曼模式」（von Neumann Model）
最主要的精神在於「儲存程式」（stored program）
的概念
記憶體(Memory)
輸入 輸出
鍵盤 螢幕
算術還輯單元
滑鼠 印表機
(Arithmetic Logic Unit)
掃描器
控制單元
(Control Unit)
中央處理器(Central
Processing Unit; CPU)
1-13
von Neumann model
The model defines a computer as four subsystems: memory,
arithmetic logic unit, control unit, and I/O
The data and program are stored as
Sequential execution of instructions
binary patterns in memory
1-14
7
8. Computer Hardware
Memory is where programs and data are
stored during processing.
The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is where
calculation and logical operations take place.
The control unit controls the operations of
memory, ALU, and the I/O subsystem.
The input subsystem accepts the input data
and program from outside the computer;
The output subsystem sends the result of
processing to the outside.
1-15
Program and data in memory
The main feature of the von Neumann
model:
The programs are stored in
computer memory
The program must be a sequence
of instructions, each instruction
operates on one or more data
items
The control unit fetches one
instruction from memory,
interprets it, and then executes it.
The instructions are executed
one after another
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