From Jakob Nielsen to Buzzfeed. A look at how to write for online news, with a focus on structure, links, headlines and social media. Undergraduate lecture by Tim Currie, Assistant Professor at the University of King's College School of Journalism in Halifax, Canada.
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Writing for Online 2013
1. ONLINE WRITING
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JOUR 5153: REPORTING, WRITING & EDITING THE NEWS
Writing
for Online
Tim Currie
tim.currie@ukings.ca
@tscurrie
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JOUR 5153: REPORTING, WRITING & EDITING THE NEWS
Online Writing
1. Structure
2. Links
3. Headlines & SEO
4. Social Media
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JOUR 5153: REPORTING, WRITING & EDITING THE NEWS
Jakob Nielsen:
He researches usability: how
people consume content online
At Sun Microsystems he
investigated how people
interacted with their computers
He authored a 1997 landmark
study on Web usability NIELSEN NORMAN GROUP
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JOUR 5153: REPORTING, WRITING & EDITING THE NEWS
Nielsens Research
Reading online is different from reading on
paper (1997):
Most people dont read online they scan
Only 16% read a page word for word
79% of readers scan a page first
Reading online is 25% slower than reading on
paper
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JOUR 5153: REPORTING, WRITING & EDITING THE NEWS
Research By Nielsens Peers
Stanford University/
Poynter Institute
EyeTracker studies
(2000 & 2004):
Eyes go to text first
Briefs/teasers are
popular
A headline has less
than 1 sec. of a site
visitor's attention
STANFORD UNIVERSITY
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JOUR 5153: REPORTING, WRITING & EDITING THE NEWS
Nielsens Research
People dont want to read a lot online.
Why?
Body position
Eyestrain
Many web pages are authored for print
Its difficult to judge the end of the story
The web is action-driven. People love to
click
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Nielsens Recommendations
for Web Pages
Text should be scannable:
1) Highlighted keywords
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Quartz:
Everything that led to Colorados
record-breaking flood, and why it
will only get worse
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Nielsens Recommendations
for Web Pages
Text should be scannable:
2) At least two levels of headlines
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Toronto Star:
Costa Concordia: Italian agency gives
final OK to right cruise ship after
checking weather conditions
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Nielsens Recommendations
for Web Pages
Text should be scannable:
3) Bulleted lists
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JOUR 5153: REPORTING, WRITING & EDITING THE NEWS
Globe and Mail:
Unemployment, grim public housing
fueling riots in Stockholm
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JOUR 5153: REPORTING, WRITING & EDITING THE NEWS
Nielsens Recommendations
for Web Pages
4) One idea per paragraph; no more than
three sentences in each
5) Inverted pyramid style
6)Write 50% less than you would in print
on each page
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JOUR 5153: REPORTING, WRITING & EDITING THE NEWS
Clang! Creak! Tink, tink, tink tink. TING!
In days past the sounds of a blacksmiths shop were among the
most distinctive noises found in towns and villages across
North America. The sounds of village smithy pounding,
bending and twisting metal were commonplace in the 18th and
19th centuries.
Today, however, with commercial hardware stores in many
malls, the sounds of an operating blacksmiths shop are pretty
much relegated to the past.
Or, maybe not, thanks to a new course offered at the Nova
Scotia Community College.
Most Nova Scotians under 60 have never heard the clang!
tink, tink, tink! of a blacksmith at work. But a new course
offered at the Nova Scotia Community College promises to
introduce a new generation to the piercing, but once-familiar,
sound.
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News Style Guide:
It's tempting to start a longer piece with some
scene-setting and a few rhetorical flourishes.
This is called "throat clearing" and is the product
of an age when a newspaper article was
something to be settled into gently, like favorite
armchair.
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JOUR 5153: REPORTING, WRITING & EDITING THE NEWS
"The place between 500 and
800 words is the place you don't
want to be.
It's not short and fast and
focused and shareable, [and]
it's not long enough to be a real
payoff for readers."
Kevin Delaney, president
& editor-in-chief
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Nielsens Recommendations
for Web Pages
6) Graphical elements tables, charts,
photos, maps help people absorb
information
7) Casual language, sentence fragments
work fine
8) Hypertext links aid credibility
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A Newspaper Story
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An Online Story
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Nielsens Research
(Mobile Devices, 2009)
Observing user suffering during our
sessions reminded us of the very first
usability studies we did with traditional
websites in 1994.
It was that bad."
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Nielsens Research
(Mobile Phones, 2009)
Poor experience because:
Small screens
Awkward input
Slow download
Sites not designed for
mobile
APPLE
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Nielsens Research
(Tablets, 2011)
1. Readtap asymmetry
for websites
2. Touchable areas were
too small in many apps
3. Accidental activation a big
problem
4. Low discoverability
5. Users disliked typing
APPLE
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Nielsens Recommendations
for Headlines
The Issue: They are often displayed on
their own, out of context
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Nielsens Recommendations
for Headlines
On the eve of a new show at the Museum of Modern Art that
celebrates his seminal works, legendary multimedia artist
Michael Snow talks to Sarah Milroy about his heady,
experimental days in New York.
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Nielsens Recommendations
for Headlines (& Subheads)
1. Make it short & clear
2. No teasers
3. Write in plain
language: no puns,
no "cute" or "clever"
headlines.
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Exercise
http://goo.gl/75XKI0
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Headlines: Writing For SEO
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Headlines: Writing For SEO
Military coffee supplier to take on Starbucks
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Headlines: Writing For SEO
In headlines or meta descriptions:
Must contain searchable keywords
Plain, common words
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Headlines: Writing For SEO
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Writing Hypertext Links
1. They are recommendations
2. By nature they signify importance
3. They build trust with readers by
making the reporting transparent
4. They allow readers to further their own
interest
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Writing Hypertext Links
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Writing Hypertext Links
Chronicle Herald:
Liberals vow to cut wait times, add
family doctors
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Writing Hypertext Links
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Writing Hypertext Links
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Writing Hypertext Links
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Writing Hypertext Links
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Writing Hypertext Links
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Writing Hypertext Links
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Writing Hypertext Links
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Writing Hypertext Links
Three to five words
Link to:
Official websites:
products or organizations
Announcements
(news release or report)
Related stories
Facts: statistics or
comments
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Writing Hypertext Links
Indicate if content is other than a web
page (Eg. PDF, video)
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Writing Hypertext Links
Click here to read the advisory groups report.
Better:
The advisory group released its Recommendations for
Waterfront Renewal (PDF) Tuesday.
Check out this site for more information.
The Heritage Trust of Nova Scotia has a list of
properties it considers threatened by development.
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Writing Hypertext Links
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Writing Hypertext Links
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Writing for Social Media
1. Keep it short
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Writing for Social Media
2. Include links
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Writing for Social Media
3. Make language casual
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Writing for Social Media
4. Focus on action:
Watch the video clip
Follow it live
Read the full story
View the picture gallery
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Writing for Social Media
4. Find the
Nugget
of Social
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Writing for Social Media
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Writing for Social Media
In a news story, what is the Nugget of
Social?
1. A surprising fact
2. A vivid quote that humanizes the story
3. An issue or challenge that resonates
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Exercise: Whats the
Nugget of Social?
http://goo.gl/zZIWGT
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Exercise: Whats the Tweet?
http://goo.gl/QqpWpC
Editor's Notes
Participant in Nielsen study (1997):If Im not doing something, I dont feel like I am being productive.
HeadDeckImageCaptionLede
Narrative story with items grouped together
Listicles!Applicability to news? Not always
ListicleStory is purposefully written as a list
Re: BuzzFeed We thought Nielsens idea about bullet lists could only apply to textBut visual bullet lists work great.Can news be done in lists? (The Day Lehman Died)BuzzFeed Adds Politico Writer Ben Smith
HUffPost
So this original research was (relatively) conducted in the stone age. What about today?July 2009iPhone weather (easy)What time is this movie playing at your local theatre (it took participants AGES)Cant get anything done!Apps helpShow Google Now on iPhone?
Fat finger problem
2 years later Content that was large enough to read but too small to tap.Xx3.particularly in apps lacking a Back button.4. People didn't know what was touchable5. avoided the registration process
What is it? Content that is reused in different forms
Heres a page from the Chronicle Herald.Clever!: millionaires / power execs? Get it?
Yes, indeed, people with money tend to have influence.And The point?(its lost without the visual reference to Emera)
Teasers see red circleNielsen:Microcontent needs to be pearls of clarity: you get 40-60 characters to explain your macrocontent.
Search vs socialLike our Globe headline earlier, the headline makes sense w/ a photo.But weve got another problem no keywords
Search engines pay attention to headings in HTML an h1 or h2 tagAlso What is it?Getting ranked higherAvoid politically correct language1) We might say visually challenged no no one searches for that.
Get it? Connie Francis song (1958): Whos sorry now?But the keywords dont need to be be visible on the page -- in the deck or second-tier headline -- in order to be usefulTake a look at the blurb n this Googl result: Why globalization is no threat to this gorgeous Indian outlitWhere did Google get the text for its description?Its called a meta tag and its a second Rendered as what Google calls a snippet
Think its changed?Sept. 15, 2013Why not a link to the party platforms?
This linked text is not great.Where does the link look like its going?[next page] lets see where it actually goes .
Not about How to build engagement How Facebook and Twitter work how the FB algorithm worksOr about what kind of content works best in social mediaWish I could but Some basic guidelines:
FB:VideoImageLinktext
Bradshaw examplesIts not about reading its about doing
Ottawa Citizen columnistTheres a nugget of detail that attracts conversationOften its not the headlineWhy?: I know how much orange juice costs!F-35 fighter jets $30 billion? $100 billion?
Awe-inspiring
This is a story from a couple of week earlier on the same topic.Take a look at the headline Now see what the social snippet is:
Emotion does well in soclal mediaSocial is about youGood is a positive emotionWeb headline is longer than the tweet
Heres someone whoMichael Babadstark naked!!Greece in chaosInsolvencyI always click on his Globe headline in my email box.I can almost Sometimes Im disappointed but I always clickGreat story in the NYT yesterday about Business InsiderGreat headlines like housing disaster often not accurate.What do you think?
ListsAbout YouAmped up ExtraordinaryAmped up BestAmped up Perfect and theres news