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Design 
of 
Sustainable Buildings 
ir. Tjerk Reijenga MSc 
Kuala Lumpur ISES2014 18-19 March 2014
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www.BEAR-iD.com solar future ?
www.BEAR-iD.com solar future ?
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most people 
don¡¯t care 
technology 
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most people 
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care 
health & comfort
why do we design ? 
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60¡ã 
30¡ã 
0¡ã 
30¡ã 
60¡ã
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60¡ã 
30¡ã 
0¡ã 
30¡ã 
60¡ã 
to create comfort
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60¡ã 
30¡ã 
0¡ã 
30¡ã 
60¡ã 
cold 
cold 
mild 
mild 
hot 
cold
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60¡ã 
30¡ã 
0¡ã 
30¡ã 
60¡ã 
cold 
heating 
heating & cooling 
cooling 
heating & cooling 
heating
Human Thermal Comfort 
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ºôÎüÀ§ÄÑ
Human Thermal Comfort 
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ºôÎüÀ§ÄÑ 
with air movement
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Dyson fan
more comfort means 
a higher energy 
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consumption
Electricity consumption statistics for AC in 
residential buildings in Beijing 
AC type Insulation 
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Floor area per 
household 
(m2) 
Average electricity 
consumption of AC (kWh/ 
m2a) 
Split type 
more comfort 
Poor 55~78 1.4~2.2 
Good 100~120 1.4 
Better 141 3.3 
VRV Better 132 5.28 
Centralised Better 200~300 19.8~25
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(micro-)climate 
on site
Urban Heat island effect 
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Micro climate 
Streets with shadow 
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Micro climate 
water - green - light colours 
against urban heat island effects 
and stabilise the microclimate. 
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four golden rules
energy conservation 
avoid overheating 
increase day lighting 
use solar energy 
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energy conservation 
Thermal insulation 
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energy conservation 
Thermal insulation 
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energy conservation 
Thermal bridges 
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avoid overheating 
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Avoid overheating 
Shape optimisation against overheating 
March 21 
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Avoid overheating 
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Avoid overheating 
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SAPA BIPV systems
increase day lighting 
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Daylight Atrium 
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Daylight 
? Window 
? reflecting inside 
? light shelves 
? lamellas 
? prevent glare 
? Room depth 
? Atrium 
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Daylight 
managers 
? organise working space 
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workers
use solar energy 
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Europe Malaysia 
Solar radiation
Thermal Solar in China 
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BIPV - Integration of Solar Energy 
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BIPV - Integration of Solar Energy 
Pergola or Super Roof 
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Church Baotou Inner-Mongolia 
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Solar chimney 
Solar hot water 
Passive Solar wall 
Church Baotou Inner-Mongolia
Church Baotou Inner-Mongolia 
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Solar chimney 
Passive Solar wall 
with shutters 
Thermal insulation
Church Baotou Inner-Mongolia 
Thermal insulation Used every day 
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Thermal insulation 
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Internal heat 
Church Baotou Inner-Mongolia 
Floor heating 
Used every day 
Used Sunday
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Natural ventilation 
Church Baotou Inner-Mongolia 
Solar chimney
Office Suzhou near Shanghai 
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Double facade 
? summer day hot weather 
? function: ventilated 
facade - keep the interior 
cool 
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Shutter opened 
Closed inner window 
Shutter opened
Double facade 
? summer night cool weather 
? function: nocturnal cooling 
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Double facade 
? summer day cool weather 
or spring or autumn 
? function: preheat 
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Double facade 
? winter day 
? function: preheat 
ventilation air 
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Double facade 
? winter night 
? function: thermal 
insulation 
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R&D Centre Shanghai
Facade typology 
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°ì¹«Çø 
Office area 
°ì¹«Çø 
Office area
SITE 
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21¡ã 
PV facade between 
west and east (yellow 
line) 
A B C D E
Facade typology A A 
? South facade with PV modules, transparent PV 
modules + windows with outside shading 
? Offices + meeting rooms 
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͸Ã÷¹â·ü×é¼þ transparent PV module 
±ê×¼¹â·ü×é¼þ standard PV module 
ÍâÕÚÑô outside shading 
low-E²£Á§ low-E window
Facade typology B B 
? South facade core area with PV modules+ low- 
E glass 
? Storage and toilets 
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±ê×¼¹â·ü×é¼þ standard PV module 
±ê×¼¹â·ü×é¼þ standard PV module 
low-E ²£Á§ low-E window
Facade typology C C 
? South-west/south-east facade core area with 
PV modules + windows with outside shading 
? Waiting hall 
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±ê×¼¹â·ü×é¼þ standard PV module 
ÍâÕÚÑô outside shading 
low-E²£Á§ low-E window
Facade typology D D 
Ìù?Ãæ facade cladding 
Ìù?Ãæ facade cladding 
ÍâÕÚÑô outside shading 
low-E ²£Á§ low-E window 
? West/east/north facade with facade cladding + 
low-E windows with outside shading (north 
only inside shading) 
? office, meeting rooms, canteen, gym, server 
room 
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Facade typology E E 
? West/east/north facade core area with 
facade cladding + low-E glass 
? Storage and toilets 
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Ìù?Ãæ facade cladding 
Ìù?Ãæ facade cladding 
low-E ²£Á§ low-E window
Main entrance 
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Meeting Room 
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thank you

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