Big Brother is portrayed as a puppet master controlling all aspects of Oceania and manipulating its citizens. In the novel, it is unclear if Big Brother is a real person or fictional propaganda created by the Party. Big Brother controls Oceania through the four ministries that dictate media, economic affairs, and education, allowing the government to change people's perceptions of reality and convince them they live in a good world. As the omnipresent father figure, Big Brother is depicted everywhere to make citizens believe they are constantly watched and compelled to obey him, even though his actual existence remains uncertain.