Лекция 1: обзор канала E1

Apr 16, 20151 like484 views

Pavel Kurochkin

Первая лекция из курса "Разработка измерительных устройств" компании НТЦ Метротек.

НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел
Разработка измерительных устройств
лекция 1: обзор канала Е1
1

НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел
План
1. Характеристики, назначение
2. Физический уровень и кодирование
3. Синхронизация
4. Структура кадра и мультикадра
5. Сигнализация
6. Какие проблемы возникают?
2

НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел
E1 2.048 Mbit/s
1. bitrate 2048000 bits per second
2. 32 timeslots (1 sync + 31 voice/sig)
3. 1 timeslot = 64 kbps = 8 KHz * 8 bit (A-law)
4. TDM - time division multiplexing
5. PDH, ИКМ
3

НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел
Задачи
● передача голоса
● передача сигнализации
● передача бинарных данных
4

НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел
Физика (G.703)
● Дифференциальная пара
3 В, 120 Ом
● Коаксиал
2.47 В, 75 Ом
5

НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел
Физика: форма импульса
6

НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел
Кодирование
● ИКМ AMI/HDB3
7

НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел
Синхронизация
● Тактовая частота получается из потока
● Используется ФАПЧ
● Может быть внешней и внутренней
● Не нужен очень точный генератор
8

НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел
Структура потока
9

НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел
Timeslot 0
● кадровая синхронизация
● multiframe + crc4
● remote alarm & errors indication
10

НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел
Всё очень просто!
11

НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел
Сигнализация
● Нужна для вызова абонента
● CAS - выделенный таймслот, комбинации битов
● SS7 - любой таймслот, пакетная передача
12

НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел
Проблемы?
● Слабый сигнал, длинная линия, искажения формы
● Кодовые ошибки
● Дрожание фазы, проскальзывания
● Ошибки кадровой синхронизации
● Ошибки CRC-4
● Разные реализации шлюзов
●
13

НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел
Рекомендации
● ITU-T G.704 -- структура кадра
● ITU-T G.703 -- сигнал, форма
14

НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел
Литература, код
● Wavetek Wandel Goltermann,
E1 Pocket Guide
● https://github.com/yapavelkurochkin/e1demux
● https://github.com/yapavelkurochkin/e1gen
15

НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел
Следующая лекция
● Ethernet - медный и оптический
● 10 Мbps … 100 Gbps
● SFP/XFP/SFP+/QFP/CFP
● физический уровень, MAC-уровень
16

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Лекция 1: обзор канала E1

1. НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел Разработка измерительных устройств лекция 1: обзор канала Е1 1

2. НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел План 1. Характеристики, назначение 2. Физический уровень и кодирование 3. Синхронизация 4. Структура кадра и мультикадра 5. Сигнализация 6. Какие проблемы возникают? 2

3. НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел E1 2.048 Mbit/s 1. bitrate 2048000 bits per second 2. 32 timeslots (1 sync + 31 voice/sig) 3. 1 timeslot = 64 kbps = 8 KHz * 8 bit (A-law) 4. TDM - time division multiplexing 5. PDH, ИКМ 3

4. НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел Задачи ● передача голоса ● передача сигнализации ● передача бинарных данных 4

5. НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел Физика (G.703) ● Дифференциальная пара 3 В, 120 Ом ● Коаксиал 2.47 В, 75 Ом 5

6. НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел Физика: форма импульса 6

7. НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел Кодирование ● ИКМ AMI/HDB3 7

8. НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел Синхронизация ● Тактовая частота получается из потока ● Используется ФАПЧ ● Может быть внешней и внутренней ● Не нужен очень точный генератор 8

9. НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел Структура потока 9

10. НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел Timeslot 0 ● кадровая синхронизация ● multiframe + crc4 ● remote alarm & errors indication 10

11. НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел Всё очень просто! 11

12. НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел Сигнализация ● Нужна для вызова абонента ● CAS - выделенный таймслот, комбинации битов ● SS7 - любой таймслот, пакетная передача 12

13. НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел Проблемы? ● Слабый сигнал, длинная линия, искажения формы ● Кодовые ошибки ● Дрожание фазы, проскальзывания ● Ошибки кадровой синхронизации ● Ошибки CRC-4 ● Разные реализации шлюзов ● 13

14. НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел Рекомендации ● ITU-T G.704 -- структура кадра ● ITU-T G.703 -- сигнал, форма 14

15. НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел Литература, код ● Wavetek Wandel Goltermann, E1 Pocket Guide ● https://github.com/yapavelkurochkin/e1demux ● https://github.com/yapavelkurochkin/e1gen 15

16. НТЦ Метротек, 2015 Курочкин Павел Следующая лекция ● Ethernet - медный и оптический ● 10 Мbps … 100 Gbps ● SFP/XFP/SFP+/QFP/CFP ● физический уровень, MAC-уровень 16

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Лекция 1: обзор канала E1

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Лекция 1: обзор канала E1