The document provides an overview of different types of sentences arranged in a four-stage hierarchy from basic to more complex: (1) the competent writer, (2) the developing writer, (3) the reflective writer, and (4) the versatile writer. It discusses topics such as run-on sentences, conjunctions, dependent and independent clauses, and the use of semicolons, colons, and dashes to connect and emphasize parts of complex sentences.
2. Synchronised Sentences It identifies 18 sentence types and arranges them into a four stage hierarchy as follows : The Competent writer. (1-4) The developing writer(5-11) The reflective writer ( 12-16) The Versatile writer ( 17-18)
3. November 9 th. The starting point. 17/18 17/18 17/18 11 Top 17 17 17 11 Mid 16 16 16 11 X3/Y3 17 16 14-15 10 Top 16 15 14 10 Mid 14 13 12 10 W 15 & 16 14 13 9 Top 13 12 10 & 11 9 Mid 11 10 8 &9 9 W 12 11 10 8 Top 9 8 7 8 Mid 7 6 5 8 W 9 8 Revise 1-7 7 Top 6 5 Revise 3 & 4 7 Mid 4 Revise 3 Revise 1-2 7W Summer Spring Autumn
5. 2. The danger of and or but or also. Cinderella left the house and decided to go to the park. As soon as we teach this sentence urge the kids to forget it. A full stop is almost always a better option than and or but or also or or.
6. Run on sentences Run-on sentences occur when a sentence goes on for too long! They happen because the writer doesnt use enough full stops or overuses and or but or then or also.
7. Run on sentences are like dry rot. English is my favourite subject because the things we do are amazing and cool and I really enjoy writing stories because I like creating new worlds and in the lessons we do writing then we do drama and speaking and listening then we work on the computers.
8. This is better. English is my favourite subject because the things we do are amazing and cool . I really enjoy writing stories because I like creating new worlds . In the lessons we do writing, drama and speaking and listening. Eventually, we work on the computers .
9. 3. Opening a new paragraph with a topic sentence. However, she remembered that she had to go to the shops. Other words that signal the opening of a paragraph are: Firstly, Moreover, Furthermore, etc.
11. Conjunctions form causal links between unrelated moments. who since that whom until in case whose before so which because if that how unless when than though where as much as although as so that even though
12. (6-11)These conjunctions are so valuable that they should start sentences. although, though, while 11Concesive so that 10. Result because, since, as, given 9. Reason in order to, so that, in order that 8. Purpose If , unless 7. Conditional when, before, after, since, while, as, until 6. Time
13. Think of these words as golden. If sentences begin with them , dependent clauses open the sentence. When writing sentences that begin with these words , students instinctively sense where the comma should fall.
14. Students become more confident because their complex sentence structure has been stabilised and after the comma they can take their sentences anywhere.. That can be enormously liberating
15. Opening up sentences for the developing writer. As the cat sat on the mat,. Although Cinderella left the house, .
16. ( 3 & 6-11) Paragraph topic sentences Firstly, Moreover, However, Furthermore, Therefore, Finally, If you combine this with a sentence from the 6-11 range your topic sentences will look very convincing. Firstly, although many parents would be horrified of their teenager packing plastic on a retail therapy binge, there is a lot to be said for kids having their own current account. If you're worried about debt , identity theft or ill advised purchases , it simply shows that you're a concerned parent. However, if your child agrees to an account that carries no overdraft facility and issues a statement to both them and you , thetense transition can be plain sailing. Rather than doling out small amounts as and when , your child can learn to budget and eke out their monthly allowance. Many parents start with a small monthly amount which rises if the money and the responsibility that goes with it are handled sensibly. If your kid can do this month in , month out , they'll probably start asking for a well deserved pay rise.
17. Starting dependent clauses with a verb. 12 Smiling to himself , Robin at last returned to the forest. Tired of waiting, Marian had gone to bed Delighted by the chance to talk about Juliet, the nurse starts talking very rapidly. 13 Robin, smiling to himself, at last returned to the forest. Marian, tired of waiting, had gone to bed. Lady Capulet, bored of the nurse , holds up her hand to stop her.
18. 14 .The Semi -Colon. ; It only has one significant function.
19. 14. Semi Colon and the law of virtual echo. Think of them as a substitute that can only ever replace a full stop. Use them only where the second sentence is so closely related to the first, that its a virtual echo.
20. Only one of these sentences is correct. Pupils are often late for class; teachers cant begin lessons properly when punctuality is a problem. Ryan likes Wales; he wants to be an astronaut one day. Later, youll need to be o.k. with this use of the semi colon to master sentences 17-18.
21. 15Colon basic There was only one possible explanation: the train had never arrived. It introduces the logical consequence, or effect, of a fact stated before
22. 16Dashes___ For our holidaywhich was much too shortwe went to Florida and basked in the sun. Unlike brackets, which tend to minimize, dashes tend to emphasize the set-off text. A dash signals an interruption or a break in thought. Dashes are used to emphasise .
23. 17 Complex Compound Henrik never should have bought the goat after it kicked straw in his face; he wanted to impress Daphne, who always wore a leopard skin pillbox hat. It consists of multiple independent clauses, at least one of which has at least one dependent clause.
24. 18. Showcasing the tricks and flicks. If youre traumatised by the thought of synchronised sentences -baffled by its apparent complextity- take heart from the experiences of Charles Dickens; despite a lack of formal education, and by devouring a discarded grammar primer,the young man overcame his early years as a child labourer to ,slowly, step by step, master the basic skills that would make him the greatest writer English prose writer in history.
25. Help? Please ask an English teacher. Check your email and follow the link to the synchronised sentence site on the JHNCC VLE.