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Management and Research of Conifer-
Hardwood Mixed Forests at the University
of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest, Northern Japan
Dr. Toshiaki Owari
The University of Tokyo, Japan
Topics
? Forest and forestry in Japan
? The University of Tokyo (UT) Hokkaido Forest
? Management and research of conifer-hardwood mixed
forests at the UT Hokkaido Forest
2012/07/13ICAAM Seminar (Owari T) 2
Forest and Forestry in Japanese?
? Forest
 Ki
 Hayashi
 Mori
? Forestry
 Ngy
 Ringy
 Gyogy
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Surface Area by Use in Japan
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Forest Resources in Japan
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Rank in the World Planted Forests in 2011
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Source: Colodette et al. (2012)
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Comparison of Japanese Forests
between 1952 and 2007
Year Area
(1000 ha)
Growing
stock
(mil. m3)
Growing stock
per hectare
(m3/ha)
1952 24,745 1,722.87 70
2007 25,097 4,431.74 177
Source: Forestry Agency
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Industrial Wood Supply in Japan
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Harvesting Cost
? Sweden: 1,500 JPY m-3
? Finland: 1,400 JPY m-3
? Austria3,1003,600 JPY m-3
? Japan: 7,000 JPY m-3
Source: Forestry Agency (2005)
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The Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011
Source: Forestry Agency
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Topics
? Forest and forestry in Japan
? The University of Tokyo (UT) Hokkaido Forest
? Management and research of conifer-hardwood mixed
forests at the UT Hokkaido Forest
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The Univ. of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest
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? Located in Furano, Hokkaido
? 4310?- 20? N, 14220?-
40? E
? Between the cool-temperate and
the sub-boreal zone
? 22,717 ha of forestland
? Established in 1899
ICAAM Seminar (Owari T)
? Mixed forest with coniferous
and broad-leaved species
? Abies sachalinensis
? Picea jezoensis
? Quercus crispula
? Kalopanax pictus
? Fraxinus mandshurica
? Betura maximowicziana
? Tilia japonica
? The average standing
volume is 211 m3 ha-1
? The cutting volume was
23,000 m3 in 2011
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The Univ. of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest
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Headwater
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High-value Timber Production
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Nursery
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Topics
? Forest and forestry in Japan
? The University of Tokyo (UT) Hokkaido Forest
? Management and research of conifer-hardwood mixed
forests at the UT Hokkaido Forest
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Stand-based Silvicultural Management
System
?  has been used since 1958
? Management should be adaptive to
the conditions of each stand to
maximize the multiple public and
economic functions of the forest
ecosystems (Takahashi, 2001)
?  uses a method of single-tree
selection cutting
? Cutting cycle: 15 or 20 years
? Rate of removals: 10C17% of the
growing stock
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Nobukiyo Takahashi
(1914C2002)
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Changes in Growing Stock
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200
300
400
500
1965 1975 1985 1995 2005
Selection stand
(5137)
Unmanaged stand
(5146)
453
466
424 408
476
311
289
314
(331)**
408
301
340
353
324
363
402
334
371
421
460
year
m3/ha
1969 C:B
Num. 8713
Vol. 6634
1975 C:B
Num. 6733
Vol. 6634
2007 C:B
Num. 6634
Vol. 3565
2008 C:B
Num. 5446
Vol. 6832
Cutting rate: 7%
Damaged
by wind Cutting rate: 8%
Cutting rate: 17%
(345)*
Spatially-explicit Classification
?  serves as the basis for spatial
management planning on where
to be cut (Owari et al., 2007)
?  identifies selection forests
where natural regeneration is
expectable so that selection
logging is applicable (Takahashi,
2001)
? In-depth ground surveys are
essential for spatial classification
(Owari et al., 2009)
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The Classification Tree Model of Spatially-
explicit Classification Decisions
Source: Owari et al. (in press)
Tree Marking for Harvest
?  is an essential technique in
single-tree selection system
(Owari et al., 2010)
?  involves the careful selection of
trees for harvest according to
forest management objectives
(OMNR, 2004)
?  affects the growth, quality and
regeneration of a stand
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Tree Marking in a Selection Forest
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Note: Dark Green: Conifer, Light Green: Broad-leaves, Red: Harvest trees
Before Harvest After Harvest
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Analysis of Tree Marking Decisions using
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis
Source: Owari et al. (2010)
Tree Marking with GPS
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Fig. Harvest intensity
Source: Owari et al. (2011)
2
1st 2nd 3rd 4th
n=906 n=1676 n=1185 n=1409MeanTreedensity(trees/ha)
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Fig. Change in species composition in terms of tree density
Long-term Effects of Selection System
Applications on Stand Structure
Source:
Tatsumi et al.
(2010)
44
Abies sachlinensis Picea jezoensis
Hardwood spp.
54
58
54
58
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Treedensity(tree/ha)
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Fig. Diameter distribution
Long-term Effects on Stand Structure
45
Source: Tatsumi et al. (2010)
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Spatial Distribution of Abies Juveniles
Source: Owari (2012)
Variable
This study
(5,111 ha)
Hosaka et al. (2008)*
(207 ha)
Dwarf bamboo coverage -
Overstory Abies BA + +
Slope + +
HLI: heat load index +
Elevation -
Curvature +
Solar radiation +
TWI: topographic wetness index ns
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Note: ?ns? indicates that the variable was not selected in the final model.
Tab. Results of the GLMM analysis
Relationships between Site Conditions
and Regeneration Abundance
Source: Owari (2012)
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Future Research Topics
? Growth and yield models of conifer-hardwood mixed forests
? Economic analysis of multi-aged mixed forest management
? Ecosystem services of conifer-hardwood mixed forests
? Promotion of natural regeneration in managed forests
? Conversion from regular to irregular stand structure
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Obrigado!
(Corresponding address: owari@uf.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp)
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Management and Research of Conifer-Hardwood Mixed Forests at the University of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest, Northern Japan