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???? CR 2014-39
?·???????????
????? ??????|?????
????? | ? ?(???????)
1t ????lE??

??? ?? ???? ?? ? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??(2014) (2)

?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????. ???
??? ???? ??? ??? ??·??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?
???? ???? ????, ??? ??? ?????????(PISA)??
??? ???? ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ‘??? ????’??? OECD
22?? ? 21?? ??????? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?
? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????
? ??? ??? ? ? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ? ?
??? ????.
? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???
??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ? ? ??? ???? ?
???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???
?? ????? ???????. ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?
?? ? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????.
? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??
??? ? ??? ????.
??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?
????? ?? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ???? ??? ??
? ??, ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????. ??? ? ???
?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????.
2014? 7?
???????
??
???

???? ?? ???? ?? ? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? _ i
? ??? ???? ?·?????? ????? ??? ? ?? ???? ?
??? ?? ??? ????, ??? ????? ???? ???? ?·??
???? ???? ????? ????? ? ??? ??. ?? ? ???? ?
?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??·???? ??
???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??. ? ???
??? ???? ??? ??.
Ⅱ???? ?? ? ????? ?? ??·?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?
? ? ???? ??, ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ? ??, ??
????? ???? ??, ??? ?? ?? ??, ??? ?? ?? ????
?? ?? ? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????. ?? ??? ??, ?
????? ??? ?? ? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???
?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????, ?? ??? ‘?? ????
? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ? ???? ??? ??’?
? ?????. ?? ? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???
? ? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??, ??? ???? ???? ??
??? ????? ???? ?? ??, ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?
?, ??? ?? ????(??, ???, ??)? ?? ???? ????? ??
?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????. ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?
?? ??? ? ???? ????? ???.
Ⅲ???? KEDI ????? ???? ?? ? ???? ??? ???? ?
? ?? ??? ?????. 1???? ???? ???? ?? ??, 2????
???? ?? ??, 3???? ???? ?? ? ?? ??, ??? 4?? 5??
?? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ????? ?????.
??, ? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?
?? ?? ??(????)? ?????. ?? ??? ???? ???? ???
??? ? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????, ?? ?

ii
?????, ??? ??? ? ??? ????? ?????. ??? ??? ?
?? ?? ????? 10? ????? 170? ???? ??? ???? ???
?????. ????? ?? 68??? ? 1,800? ? ??? ???? ????
??, ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??
? ????? ?????. ???? ????, ??·??, ??, ????, ??
??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??? ???? 12?? ???
?? ?????.
??? ??? ????? ?? ??? 12?? ???? 76? ??? ???
??? ?????? ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? 34?
??? ??? ???? ? 110? ???? ?????. ???? ??? 1,184?
?? ???? 5??, ??? 2??, ???? 1??? ???? ???? 1,170
??? ? 39,218?? ??? ?????. ?? ?????? ?????, ???
??, ??, ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????
???? ??? ?????.
Ⅳ???? KEDI ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???
?????. ?????, 1???? ???·??? ????? ?? KEDI ??
??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????, 2???? ???
KEDI ????? ?????? ??-??? ???? ?????.
1???? ???? ??? ?????. ???? ??? ???? ?? ??
? ????? ????, ??, ??·??, (???) ??, ??, ????, ?
?·??, ??, ??, ??? ??? ? 10?? ?????, ???? ??? ?
70?? ?????. ??? ??? ????? ‘KEDI ????’? ?????.
KEDI ????? 10? ????? ?? ??? ????, ‘????’? ?? ??
? ??? ??? 7? ??, ‘??’? ?? ? ??? ??? 8? ??, ‘??·?
?’? ???? ? ??, ???, ??? ???? ? ???? ??? ??? 10
? ???? ??????, ‘??’? ???, ??? ? ?? ??? ??? 6?

???? ?? ???? ?? ? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? _ iii
??, ‘??’? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? 7? ??, ‘?
???’? ?? ?? ? ??, ??? ?? ??? 6? ???? ?????, ‘?
?·??’? ???? ???, ??? ???? ??? 7? ??, ‘??’? ???
? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ? ???? ??
? ??? 6? ???? ?????. ??, ‘??’? ?? ? ??, ????? ?
?? 5? ??, ????? ‘???’? ???, ???? ?? ?? ? ??, ??
????? ??? 8? ???? ?????.
KEDI ????? ???? 10? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??
? ??? Cronbach α ??? ???? ?????. ? ????? ??? ??
(Cronbach’s α)? .815～.896 ???? ?? ?? ???, ? ????? ?? ?
??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????.
????, ??? ????? ?? ??? 10?? ????? ????? ??
? ??, 10?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????. ?? ??? 10??
??? ? ?? ???? 1? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????
???? .51～.81? ?? ???? ???, ? ???? ?? ?????? ??
??? ???? ?????.
2???? ???? ???? ???? ?????. KEDI ????? ????
?? ???? ?? KEDI ????? ? ????? ??? ??? ?(2013) ?
??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????. ? ?????
??? .591～.764 ???? ?? ????, ?? ???? ?? ??? .831? ?
? ?? ??? KEDI ????? ?? ?? ??? ? ???? ??? ???
??. ??, KEDI ????? ???? ???? ?? ??-??? ???? ?
????. ?? ?? 2??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? .766～.835 ?
??? ?? ?? ???, KEDI ????? ????? ????? ?????.
Ⅴ???? ??? KEDI ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???
? ????? ?????, ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????

iv
?? ? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??-?? ??? 2?? ???
? ??? ?????.
??, ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????
10? ??? ???? ?????. ????? ??? ????? ??? ???
??? ??? ??, ‘??’(8.25)? ?? ??, ‘??’(6.61)? ?? ?? ??? ?
???. ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??
?????? ??? ?? ??, ?·????? ??? ??? ???? ???
? ?????. ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???
? ????? ?? ????. ??? ‘????’(7.70>7.63), ‘????’(7.14>7.06),
??? ‘??’(6.68>6.52)??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????.
??, 10?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???
? ?? ??????? ??? ??, ? ???? ???? ???, ??? ??
?, ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????. ?? ??,
‘????’? ??, ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????
? ? ?? ????, ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ? ??
????. ??????? ??, ??????? ???? ???? ‘????’?
?? ??? ?? ??? ?·????? ??? ???? ‘????’ ??? ?
???? ???? ??? ????.
????, ? ????? ???? ????(???? ??? ??)? ????
?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? KEDI ???? ??????
? ?? ?? ??? ?????. ????, 10? ???? ???? ???? ?
??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????. ??, ????
???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??, ????? ? ??
?? ??? ?? ???? ?????, ????? ??? ?? ?? ????.
?????, ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????
???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????. ??, KEDI

???? ?? ???? ?? ? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? _ v
???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?
? ????? ???? ?? ??-????? 2?? ????? ?????. ?
? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ? ??? ??(??)? ???
???? ? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??
?, ??? ??(???? 10?? ? 100?)? ?????? ?? ?? ? ???
?? ???? ????? ???? 2?? ????? ?? ??? ?????.
? ????? ???? ??? ??.
??, ????? ??? ??, ??? ????, ?? ??? ? ??? ??
? ??? ??(??1), ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????, ??
? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?
??? ???. ??????? ????? ?? ??? ? ???? ????
?? ??? ??? ????, ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??
?. ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????, ????? ?
??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????.
??, ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??
(??2)??? ??? ???, ??????, ???, ???, ????? ????
??? ???? ??? ????, ?????? ??? ??? ???. ??, ?
??? ?? ? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???, ??
?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????. ??, ?
?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????.
??, ?? ??1? ??2? ?????, ????(??/??)??? ????
???? ?? ?? ??, ???? ??? ???? ???? ??, ???? ?
???? ??? ???? ?????. ??, ??1??? ????? ?? ??
??? ?? ????? ??2??? ??? ?????? ?? ????.
??, ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??
?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????, ???? ???

vi
?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??, ????? ???????
???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???
? ???. ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???
??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????, ??? ??? ????
???? ??? ???(77.5%)? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????.
???? ?? ???? ?????, ????? ???? ??? ??? ???
??? ??, ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??
? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??, ??? ????? ?????
??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????.
Ⅵ???? ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??, ??
??? ???. ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??, ????
?? ??? ??? ????, ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??
? ?????.
??, ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??, ???? ????? ??
? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???, ??, ???·
??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?
????.
????, ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??, ??, ????,
?? ? ‘??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??’? ??, ??, ???? ?? ?
???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???, ??, ?? ? ?????
??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??, ??, ???? ???? ??? ?? ?
??, ???, ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ? ??
???? ?? ???? ① ????? ???? ?? ? ?? ??? ??, ②
??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??, ③ ??? ???? ???? ??
?? ?? ? 3?? ???? ?????, ???, ??? ???? ?? ?? ?
?? ???? ① ????? ‘?? ??’ ??? ???, ② ??? ???? ?

???? ?? ???? ?? ? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? _ vii
? ?? ?? ? 2?? ???? ?????.
?????, ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??, ???? ??? ?
?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ? ??? ???, ??, ?? ? ????? ?
??? ???? ?? ??? ??, ??, ?? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?
??? ??? ??, ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??
???. ??, ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ① ????? ?? ??
? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??, ② ??
?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??, ③ ??? ????? ?? ???
????? ???? ??? ??? ????, ④ ????? ??? ????
??? ? ?? ?????.

viii
Ⅰ. ??_ 1
1. ??? ??? ? ?? ························································································ 3
2. ???? ············································································································5
3. ???? ············································································································7
Ⅱ. ??? ??? ??_15
1.?? ? ????? ?? ? ???? ······························································17
2. ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ? ?? ·······································27
3. ?? ????? ???? ?? ·······································································33
4. ??? ???? ?? ······················································································36
5. ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ········································································46
6. ???? ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ·················································51
Ⅲ. ?? ?? ??_53
1. ???? ?? ?? ·························································································55
2. ???? ?? ·································································································57
3. ???? ?? ? ?? ?? ············································································62
4. ??? ?? ·····································································································69
5. ??? ?? ·····································································································71
Ⅳ. ??? ??? ??_79
1. ??? ?? ???? ?? ·············································································81
2. ??? ???? ??? ?? ··········································································95
? ?

ix
Ⅴ. ?·?·? ???? ???? ??_99
1. KEDI ???? ??? ?? ??? ·······························································101
2. ?·?·? ??? ???? ?? ·································································105
3. ?? ??? ?? ··························································································127
Ⅵ. ?? ?? ? ?? ??_139
1. ?? ?? ······································································································141
2. ?? ?? ······································································································146
????_163
? ?_175
【?? 1】??? ??(1?) ??? ···································································177
【?? 2】??? ??(2?) ??? ···································································181
【?? 3】?? ????(1?) ??? ·······························································187
【?? 4】???? ?? ????? ································································191
【?? 5】?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ···················································201
【?? 6】????? ·······················································································202
【?? 7】??? ?? ????? ···································································213
【?? 8】???? ···························································································226
【?? 9】???? KEDI ???? ??? ??? ???? ····························279
【?? 10】?? KEDI ???? ??? ??? ???? ·································288

x
<? Ⅰ-1> ??? ?? ???? ? ??? ······························································8
<? Ⅰ-2> ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ············································13
<? Ⅱ-1> ??? ?? ····························································································17
<? Ⅱ-2> ?????? ??? ????? ???? ··············································23
<? Ⅱ-3> ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ············································24
<? Ⅱ-4> ??? 3?? ??? ???? ·······························································28
<? Ⅱ-5> ????? ?? ? ??(??? ?, 2011) ············································29
<? Ⅱ-6> ????? ?? ?????? ???? ? ?? ??
??·????(??? ?, 2013) ···························································30
<? Ⅱ-7> ????? ?? ·····················································································34
<? Ⅱ-8> ???? ????? ?? ······································································35
<? Ⅲ-1> 1? ????? ??: ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ································58
<? Ⅲ-2> ?? ???? ?? ??(?) ···································································60
<? Ⅲ-3> ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ································································61
<? Ⅲ-4> ???? ?? ?? ?? ········································································62
<? Ⅲ-5> ???? ????? ···············································································63
<? Ⅲ-6> ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ? ??? ················65
<? Ⅲ-7> ????? ? ????? ?? ???? ···············································69
<? Ⅲ-8> ??? ?? ?? ···················································································71
<? Ⅲ-9> ??? ?? ····························································································72
<? Ⅲ-10> ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ····································································73
<? Ⅲ-11> ??? ????? ? ??? ·······························································74
<? Ⅲ-12> ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ···············································74
<? Ⅲ-13> ??? ?? ? ?? ············································································77
<? Ⅳ-1> ??? ?? ??? ················································································82
<? Ⅳ-2> ???? ??? ???? ??(10??, 70??) ····································88
? ??

xi
<? Ⅳ-3> ? ????? ?? ???? ·································································91
<? Ⅳ-4> ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ······················································93
<? Ⅳ-5> ????? ?? ???? ······································································95
<? Ⅳ-6> KEDI ????? ????? ??(??)?? ???? ····························96
<? Ⅳ-7> KEDI ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ····97
<? Ⅳ-8> ??-??? ??? ················································································97
<? Ⅴ-1> KEDI ???? ?? ?? ···································································101
<? Ⅴ-2> KEDI ???? ??? ?? (????) ··················································102
<? Ⅴ-3> ????, ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? (????) ····················108
<? Ⅴ-4> ‘????’? ????, ?? ?? (????) ··········································110
<? Ⅴ-5> ‘??’? ????, ?? ?? (????) ················································112
<? Ⅴ-6> ‘??·??’? ????, ?? ?? (????) ······································113
<? Ⅴ-7> ‘??’? ????, ?? ?? (????) ················································115
<? Ⅴ-8> ‘??’? ????, ?? ?? (????) ················································116
<? Ⅴ-9> ‘????’? ????, ?? ?? (????) ··········································117
<? Ⅴ-10> ‘??·??’? ????, ?? ?? (????) ····································119
<? Ⅴ-11> ‘??’? ????, ?? ?? (????) ··············································121
<? Ⅴ-12> ‘??’? ????, ?? ?? (????) ··············································122
<? Ⅴ-13> ‘???’? ????, ?? ?? (????) ···········································124
<? Ⅴ-14> KEDI ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ··················125
<? Ⅴ-15> ???? ???? KEDI ???? ??????? ?? ·····················127
<? Ⅴ-16> KEDI ????? ????? ???? ················································128
<? Ⅴ-17> KEDI ????? ???? ???? ···················································129
<? Ⅴ-18> ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??(??) ·······················131
<? Ⅴ-19> ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??(????) ·················134
<? Ⅴ-20> ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??(???) ····················136

xii
<? Ⅴ-21> ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??(????) ·················138
<? Ⅵ-1> KEDI ???? ?? ?? ·····································································141
<? Ⅵ-2> KEDI ???? ????(???) ?? ···················································159
[?? Ⅲ-1] ?·?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ··············································56
[?? Ⅳ-1] KEDI ????? ??? ???? ?? ·············································94
[?? Ⅴ-1] KEDI ????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ···································106
[?? Ⅴ-2] ???? ?? KEDI ????? ????? ??? ??? ··············107
[?? Ⅴ-3] ??? ?? KEDI ????? ????? ??? ??? ·················109
[?? Ⅴ-4] ???×??? ?? ‘????’??? ???? ·····························111
[?? Ⅴ-5] ???×??? ?? ‘??’??? ???? ······································112
[?? Ⅴ-6] ???×??? ?? ‘??·??’??? ???? ····························114
[?? Ⅴ-7] ???×??? ?? ‘??’??? ???? ······································115
[?? Ⅴ-8] ???×??? ?? ‘??’??? ???? ······································116
[?? Ⅴ-9] ???×??? ?? ‘????’??? ???? ·······························118
[?? Ⅴ-10] ???×??? ?? ‘??·??’??? ???? ··························119
[?? Ⅴ-11] ???×??? ?? ‘??’??? ???? ····································121
[?? Ⅴ-12] ???×??? ?? ‘??’??? ???? ····································123
[?? Ⅴ-13] ???×??? ?? ‘???’??? ???? ································125
?/ ?? ??

3
1. ??? ???? ??
?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ? ???? ???? ?
?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??. ?
? ???????? ?? 2,000? ?? ???? ??? 「2013??????」??
?? ?? 10? ? 5?(48.0%) ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ????? ‘??
? ??·??? ??’? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ‘????’(21.9%)??
????(??? ?, 2013). ?????? 2009 ?????????(PISA)?? ??
?? ????? ????? ????? ????, ??? ???? ?? ?? ?
?? ?? ? ‘??? ??????’? OECD 22?? ? 21?? ??????? ?
???(???, 2012, p. 4). ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????
?? ???? ???? ???? ? ?? ????? ?? ??, ???? ???
?? ?? ??? ????.
??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?
?? ??? ????? ?? ???, 2013? ???? ‘??? ???? ??? ?
?? ???? ?? ????(?)’? ?? ???? 7? ????? ?? ? ??.
?? ??? ???? ???? ? ???? ?? ????? ??, ???? ??
?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ? ????? ????? ????? ?
? ?? ??? ?? ??.
??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?
?? ??? ????? ????, ?????? ???? ? ???? ??? ?
???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????. ??? ??? ?????
?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?
Ⅰ ??

4
?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??. ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??
?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?
?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??
??? ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??. ?? ??? ??? ???
? ??? ???? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???
?. ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?
? ???? ??? ‘???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?
???? ??? ? ????’, ‘?? ?? ???? ?? ? ?? ?? ?????
???? ???? ????’, ‘?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????
??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ????’?? ??? ????? ? ? ?
?. ??? ?????? ???? ???? ? ?????? ??? ????, ?
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ? ?
?? ??.
?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??
??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??
??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????. ??? ??? ??
??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???, ????? ???? ???? ?
???? ???? ???? ?? ????. ?? ?? ????? ????? ?
? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?
??? ? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????
? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??.
?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??
????(?: ?????? ????, ???? ???? ?)? ?? ??? ???
?? ???? ??. ??? ?? ? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????
???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ? ? ????? ??
? ? ?? ????? ?????. ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?
??? ??? ??? ?? ????.
??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ? ?? ???? ??? ???
? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??????, ?? ????
? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???

5
??? ?? ? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????
? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??. ?? ? ?????? ?? ?? ???
?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???
??.
?? ‘??’? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??
? ????? ??? ? ??? ? ?? ? ??? ??, ?? ??? ?? ??
?? ????? ???? ? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??
?? ? ??? ??. ??? ?? ?? ??? ? ????? ?? ???? ??
? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????.
??? ? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ? ?? ?
??? ???? ????? ????, ? ????? ???? ?·?? ????
????? ????? ??. ??? ? ??? ?? ??? KEDI ????? ??
???? ??? ? ??? ???? ???? ??·????? ??.
2. ????
?. ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??
○ ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ???? ??
○ ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ? ??
○ ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ? ??? ??
○ ????? ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ???
?. ?? ?? ??
○ ?? ???? ?? ??
- ??? ???? ??
- ????? ????
- ?? ?? ?? ??
- ?? ?? ??, ?? ??, ?? ? ?? ??

6
○ ???? ?? ??
- ???? ??? ????? ??
- ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??
○ ???? ?? ? ??? ??? ??
- ???? ???? ???, ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??·??
○ ??? ??
- ???? ?? ? ??·??? ?? ?? ?? ??
- ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??
?. ????(???) ??
○ ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ??
- ?? ? ?? ?? ??
- ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??
○ ??? ?? ??
- ??? ??? ??(???, ???)
- ??? ?? ?? ??
○ ???? ???? ??
?. ???? ??
○ ???? ?? ??? ???? ??
○ ??? ?? ??? ???? ??
○ ?? ??? ?? ???? ??
?. ?? ? ????
○ ??
○ ????

7
?. ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??(???) ??
(? ???? ?? ??? ?????)
○ KEDI ????? ?? ??
- ???? ??? ??
- ???? ??? ??? ??
- ????? ??
○ KEDI ????? ???? ? ??? ??
- ???? ?? ??
- ????? ????? ????
- ????? ???? ???
- ???? ?? ??? ? ??
○ KEDI ????? ?? ?? ? ??
- KEDI ????? ??
- ?? ? ?? ??
- ????
- ????? ?? ??
- ????
3. ????
?. ???? ? ?? ??
?? ?? ??? ?? ? ????? ?? ?? ? ????? ??? ???
???? ? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????. ?? ?? ?? ????
???? ?? ?? ? ??? ????, ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???
????? ?????. ?? ??? ?? ? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?
??? ? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????.

8
?. ??? ??? ??(? 2?)
1) ?? ? ??
????? ??? ??? ???? ? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?
?, ??? ??? ??? ? 2? ?????. 1? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?
??? ????? ???? ? ??? ?? ?? ? ????? ????? ??
?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????.1) 2? ??? ????? 1?
??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ? ????
?? ???? ?????.2)
2) ???? ? ??
- 1? : 2013? 12? 10?(?) ~ 2013? 12? 17?(?)
- 2? : 2013? 12? 23?(?) ~ 2014? 1? 2?(?)
- ?? : ?? ??? 45?(?? 18?, ??? 7?, ?? 20?)
? Ⅰ-1 ??? ?? ???? ? ???
?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???
??
?????? ?? 10?
???? ?? 8?
?·???? ???? ?? ?? ??? 7?
??(????) ???? ?? ?? 20?(?6, ?7, ?7)
1) 1? ??? ?? ???? 【?? 1】??.
2) 2? ??? ?? ???? 【?? 2】??.

9
?. ?? ?? ?? ????(1?) ??
1) ?? ? ??
?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???, 1·2? ?????
?? ??? 10? ?? ?? ? 30? ????? ?·?·? ?? ????? ??
? ? ? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?
?, ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????.3)
2) ???? ? ??
- ?? : 2014? 1? 6?(?) ~ 2014? 1? 15?(?)
- ?? : ?? 12?(??? ?? ??? ? ?????? ?? ??? ?????
? 4?? ??)
?. ??? ??? ??
1) ?? ? ??
1·2? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????
?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????. ?? ??? ?
? ????? ??? ???, ? ????? ??? ???, ??? ??? ? ?
? ???? ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??????, ???? ??? ?
?? ??.
?) ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??
- ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??????
??? ?? ???? ????
- ? ????? ?? ??? ?????
?) ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??
- ?? ?? ?? ?????
3) 1? ?? ?????? ???? 【?? 3】 ??.

10
- ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????
- ??? ? ????? ? ?? ??? ????
?) ??? ??? ? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??
- ???? 5?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??
???? ???????
2) ???? ? ???
- ? ? : 2014? 1? 29?(?) 10:00
- ??? : ?? ??? 4?
?. ?? ?? ?? ????(2?) ? ???? ??
1) ?? ? ??
?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???
???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????.4) ?? ??? ?
? ?? 6?? ???? ?? ??(????)? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?
?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????. ?? ???? ?? ?
?? ? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? 5?? ?? ? ?
???? ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???
???? ?? ????(pilot test)? ?????. ????? ?? ?? ? ???
??? ?? ???5)? ?? ?????. ??? ????? ??? ?? ???
??? ??? ??? ??.
?) ?????? ? ??(????)? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??
- ?? ?? ?? ?????
- ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????
- ??? ? ????? ? ?? ??? ????
4) ???? ?? ?????? 【?? 4】 ??.
5) ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? 【?? 5】 ??.

11
?) ??? ??? ? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??
- ?? 5?? ??·?·? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????
? ???????
?) ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??
- ??? ???? ??? ?????
- ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????
- ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????
- ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????
- ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????
2) ???? ? ??
- ?? : 2014? 2? 10?(?) ~ 2014? 2? 16?(?)
- ?? : ?? 6?(1? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ? 2
?? ??)
?? 12?(????)
?. ???? ??
1) ?? ? ??
????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ? ?? ????? ????
??, ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ? ?
? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????.
2) ???? ??
- ?? ? : 10? ?? ??(????), ? 170? ????
- ?? ???? : ? 30~40?
- ???? : ?·?·? ?? ??(????? 5?? ?? ?? ??)
- ???? : ???(5?) ??? ??? ????? ????6)
6) ?????? 【?? 6】 ??.

12
3) ?? ?? ? ??
- ?? : 2014? 3? 10?(?) ~ 3? 14?(?)
- ?? : ?? ?·?·???? 69??(? 19, ? 19, ? 31) ? 2000?7)
4) ?? ??
- ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???
?????. ??, ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??-??
? ????? ?????. ??, ????? ???? ???? ???? ?
??? ?? Cronbach α ??? ????, ?? ??? ????? ? ??
? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????. ??,
????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??
???.
?. ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??
1) ?? ? ??
???? ??? ??? ?? ? ??·??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??
? ?? ??? ??? ?????. ??? 5?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?
??? ?? ??(????)? ? ?????? ??? 5? ??? ????? ?
?? ?? ? ??? ??? ?? ?????.8)
2) ???? ? ??
- ?? : 2014? 4? 7?(?) ~ 4? 9?(?)
- ??: ?? ??? 5?
7) ???? ???? ? ????? Ⅲ? ??.
8) ??? ??? ?? ?????? 【?? 7】??.

13
?. ??? ??
1) ?? ? ??
???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?·
?·? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????. ???
??? ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ????? ???? ??????
? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??????, ???? ???? ???? ?
???? ???? ?? ??? 40?? ???? ????? ??? ?????.
????? ? 5??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ???? ??
<?Ⅰ-2>? ??.9)
? Ⅰ-2 ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ???
???? ????(?? ???) ?????
1?
2014? 5? 12?(?)
~ 5? 16?(?)
? Type1 : ????? 1,090??
? Type2 : ?? ???? 40??
? Type3 : ??????? ?? 27??
? Type4?1 : ??-??? ??(1?) 27??
? ? 1,184??
2?
2014? 6? 1?(?)
~ 6? 5?(?)
? Type4?2 : ??-??? ??(2?, ???) 27??
? ? 27??
? ? 1,184??
2) ??? ??
- ?? ? : 12? ?? ??(????), ? 110? ????
- ?? ???? : ? 30~40?
- ???? : ?·?·? ?? ??(????? 5?? ?? ?? ??)
- ???? : ???(5?) ??? ??? ????? ????
9) ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? Ⅲ?? 4. ??? ?? ?? ??.

14
3) ??? ??
- ?? : 1? - 2014? 5? 12?(?) ~ 5? 16?(?)
2?(??? ????) - 2014? 6? 1?(?) ~ 6? 5?(?)
- ?? : ?? ?·?·???? 1184??(? 308, ? 414, ? 462)10)
4) ?? ??
???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? 3?? ??? ?????.
?) ????? ??? ??
- ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?
?? ???? ??
- KEDI ????? ?????(????? ??? ??) ??? ?? ???
???? ??
- KEDI ????? ????? ??? ?? ‘??? ?(2013) ????’??
???? ??
?) ????? ??? ??
- ????? ??? ??? ?? Cronbach α ?? ??
- ??? ???? ???? ?? ??-??? ??? ?? ??
?) KEDI ????? ?? ???? ??
- ????, ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?
? ??????(two-way ANOVA) ??
- ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????
??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??-?? ??? 2?? ???? ??
10) ???? ???? ? ????? Ⅲ? ??.

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17
1. ?? ? ????? ?? ? ????
?. ??? ??
?? ? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????, ??? ??? ?????
?? ??? ???? ??? ? ? ??. ? ??? ??(???, 1995), ??(??
?, 1997; ???, 1995), ??? ??(????, 1999; ??? ?, 2004), ??(全人)
?(???, 1996) ??? ???? ???? ???, ?? ?? ??? ?????
? ????? ???? ???? ??(???·???, 2012. p. 35). ??? ??
? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??, ??, ????, ??, ??, ??? ?
?? ???? ???? ??(<? Ⅱ-1> ??).
? Ⅱ-1 ??? ??
??? ??? ??
???(1992)
??? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ? ??, ??, ???, ?? ???
? ??. ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????, ?
?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ? ??? ??? ??.
???(1996)
??? ???, ???, ??(??) ?? ????, ??? ?·?·? ??
“?·?·?? ?? ??? ?? ???”
??????
(1998)
??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????,
??? ??? ?????? ? ?? ??? ??.
????(1999)
??? ????, ??? ??? ??(性質)? ??(品格)?? ???. ???
??? ??? ????, ??? ???? ???.
??? ? (2004)
??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???, ???? ?
??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??
Ⅱ ??? ??? ??

18
??? ??? ??
? ???
(2007, 2008)
??, ???, ??? ?? ???, ??? ??? ???, ??, ??? ??
???? ????, ?? ?? ??? ???, ??, ??? ??? ?? ??
? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??.
??? ?(2008) ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??, ?? ??? ??
?? ?(2009) ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???·??? ??
???????(2012)
??? ????? ???? ? ???? ??? ????? ???? ? ?
? ?? ?? ? ?? ??
???????
(2012)
??? ??? ? ?? ??? ??
??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ???
??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ? ? ??(??? ?, 2004. p. 9). ???
?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????. ??(personality)?? ??? ?
?(character)? ??? ???. ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??
??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????, ??? ?? ??, ?
???? ???, ??, ??, ?? ? ????? ???? ? ?? ??? ??
??? ?? ?? ? ???? ???? ?? ?????.
????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??
? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????. ??? ?? ?? ??? ??
??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??
??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????. ?
? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???
?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??
? personality?? ????? ??? character? ??? ??? ???? ???
? ??.
1) ??? ?? ??
??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????
? ??? ?? ?????, ??? ???? ???? ??. ??? ???? ??

19
? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????. ??? ??? ???? ??
??? ??? ???? ???? ? ??, ??? ?? ???? ? ?? ???
? ?????(??? ?, 2003), ??? ???? ?? ??(???, 1997), ???
???(???, 1999)?? ?? ??(??? ?, 2012. p. 17).
??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??
????. ??? ?? ‘? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ??
? ???? ??’???, ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????
??? ??? ??(trait)? ????. ???(2004)? ??? ????? ??? ?
???? ???? ?????, ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???
??? ???? ?????? ? ??? ?????.
???? ? ???? ????? “?? ?? ??(virtues and character traits)”
? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????. ??? ??? ?????
???? ????. ?(道)? ?? ?(德)? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????
?? ?????. ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?
? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??
??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??(???, 2012, p. 32). ??? ???
??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ? ???, ?? ?
?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??
?? ??(skills)? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ? ???.
??, ?? ????? ????(disposition)?? ???? ????. ? ???
??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ??? ?
??? ????. ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???
????? ???. ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??
? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ? ? ??. ?? ????? ???? ?
?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???.
? ??, ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????. ?
?? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???
? ???. ??? ?? ??? ???? ????(???, 2012, pp. 21-22).
? ??, ?? ??? ??? ???? ????. ?? ???? ??? ????
?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ? ??? ???. ?? ??? ?

20
? ????? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ???? ????, ????, ??
?? ???, ????, ??? ??, ??? ???, ???? ???? ??? ?
???? ?? ??? ?? ???. ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??
?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ??. ??? ??? ??? ?
? ??? ??, ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?
?? ???? ????. ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????, ???
???? ?? ????, ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???,
??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????. ?? ???? ?? ???
? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???
? ??. ? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????. ?? ???
?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???
????? ???? ?? ? ??? ? ??(Hirsthouse, 2012).
2) ????? ??? ??? ??? ??
?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??.
?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???
?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??(??? ?, 2012). ??? ?(2013)? ?
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??. “?? ?????? ???? ??
? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???
?, ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?
??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ? ?? ??? ?? ??”? ???.
??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ? ?? ??? ?? ?
?? ???? ??, ??? ????? ??? ? ? ?? ????? ????
???? ???, ????? ????? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??
? ??? ???? ? ??? ??? ???? ??(??? ?, 2013, pp. 15-16).
???, ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??
?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???, ??? ?? ????? ?
???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??. ?
??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?

21
?? ?? ? ??. ??? ‘???· ???? ??? ?? ???? ??·???
??? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?
?? ??’??. ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??, ??
? ??(???, ??? ???, ??????, ?????? ?), ??, ??, ??
?, ?? ??? ???? ? ??(OECD, 2003). ??? ???? ??? ‘???
???’? ?? ‘??? ? ? ???’? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???
????. ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ? ????? ??
? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??.
?? ?? ??(ethics of virtue)? ?? ??? ????? ‘??? ?? ???’,
‘??? ?? ????? ????’? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?
?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??(???, 2012, pp. 15-16). ?? ???
?? ?? ?? ?? ??, ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??
?(agent)? ???? ????. ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????
???? ??? ???? ????(???, 2013). ???(2013)? ??? 18??
??? ??????, ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??. ?? ??, ??
? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??, ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??
? ?? ????? ?????.
??? ??? ?????. ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ? ??? ?
?? ??. ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?
??? ??? ??? ???(Park & Peterson, 2006, p. 892). ??? ?(2014)? ?
?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ? ??? ?????. “???
???? ??? ? ???? ??? ???, ????? ???? ??? ???
? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ? ??? ???? ??, ??
?? ????? ??? ??? ??. ???????? ??? ?? ?? ???
? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?
??? ????? ??? ????? ??.”? ???(??? ?, 2014, p. 11). ?
? ?? ?????? Greenberg? ?? ???(2003)? ??? ??????? ?
????? ??? ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ????? ???
?? ???? ???. ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??
? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???. ???? ????? ??? ???

22
? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????
? ? ? ??? ??(Greenberg et al. 2003, p. 263).
?. ???? ???? ??? ??
??? ??? ????? ??? ???, ??? ????? ????? ???
? ???? ??. ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???, ?
???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??. ?? ??? ??
? ???? ??, ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??, ??? ?
?, ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ? ??(Lickona,
2004/2006; ??? ?, 2012. p. 45; ??? ?, 2008. p. 17).
1) ?? ??
??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??. ????? ????? ‘?
?? ????’? ??? ?????? ?? ‘??? ???? ??’? ?????.
??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????
?? ???? ??, ??, ???, ??, ??, ???? ???? ??. ??? ?
???? ???? ??? Likona(1993; 2004)? ??? ??? ? ??? ???
???? ??? ???, ???, ??? ??? ????? ?????. ??? ?
? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????. 2004?? ???
『Character matters』??? ??, ??, ???, ????, ??, ??? ??, ??,
??, ??, ?? ? 10? ?? ????. ?? Davidson? ?? ??? ?????
??? ??? ??(??, ??, ??, ??, ??)? ??? ??(??, ??, ???
??, ????, ??)?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????
?(Likona & Davidson, 2005). ?? Berkowitz? Grych? ??? ??? ????
????, ????, ????, ???, ??? ??, ??, ??, ????, ??, ?
??? ?????(Berkowitz & Grych, 2000).
??????(social & emotional learning)? ???? ????? ??? ???
? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????
(Berkowitz & Bier, 2007)??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??(Greenberg

23
et al., 2003, p. 263). ??????????? ????? ??? ??? ????,
????, ?? ??? ??? ????, ??? ??? ????, ?? ?? ??
? ???, ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????, ??? ???
????? ??? ? ????? ????. ???? ??? ?? ????? ?
?, ??, ??? ???? ?? ???, ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??
??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????(Zins, Payton,
Weissberg, & O 'Brien, 2007, p. 377).
Peterson? Seligman(2004)? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??
? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ??? ??? ??? ???
??? ?? ? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???. ??? ?? ??? ??
??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ? 200??? ?
?? ??? ?, ??? ???? ???? 10?? ??? ???? ?????. ?
?? 6? ????? 24?? ??? ??? ???? ??? VIA(Virtues in Action)
????? ?????. ? ????? ??? 6?? ????? ??(wisdom), ?
?(humanity), ??(courage), ??(temperance), ??(justice), ??(transcendence)?
?. Peterson? Seligman(2004)? ???, ? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??
??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? 6? ??(the
High Six)??? ???. ? ????? ?? 3～5?? ?? ???? ???? ?
?(???, 2008. pp. 174-177).
? Ⅱ-2 ?????? ??? ????? ????
??? ???? ??
Josephson Institute?
‘?? ?? 6 ?’
? ???, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??? ????
Berkowitz &
Grych(2000)
?????, ????, ????, ???, ??? ??,
??, ??, ????, ??, ???
?????
??
Pearson &
Nicholson(2000)
????? ??: ??, ??, ??, ????
????? ??: ??, ??, ????
????? ??: ???, ??, ??? ?
????

24
??? ???? ??
??
Lickona(1991)
???, ??
???? ??·??·??? ??
????Lickona(2004/2006)
???, ??, ???, ????, ??, ??? ??, ??,
??, ??, ??
Lickona &
Davidson(2005)
???? ??: ??, ??, ??, ??, ??,
???? ??: ??, ??, ??? ??, ????, ??
??????
???? ?? ?? ? ??
???? ?? ?? ? ??
????? ????
?????
??
Peterson &
Seligman(2004)
???: ???, ???, ???, ???, ??
????: ??, ??, ???
???: ???, ??, ???, ??
???: ??? ??, ??, ???, ????
???: ???, ??, ???
???: ???, ??, ??, ??, ??
????
??
2) ?? ??
?? ???? ????, ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?
?? ???? ????? ????(<? Ⅱ-3> ??).
? Ⅱ-3 ?? ???? ??? ????? ????
??? ???? ??
??? ?(1998)
???????: ????, ????, ????, ???, ???, ???,
??????
???????: ??? ??? ??, ????, ?, ??, ??, ??, ??
???????: ???, ????, ????, ????
????
??? ?(2004)
???? ??: [????????] ????, ??, ??, ??, ??, ?
?, [21?? ????] ?????, ??(???), ??? ???
???? ??: [????????] ??, ??, ????, ??, ??, ?
????, ???, ???, [21?? ????] ??? ??
????
????
??? ?(2011)
???, ??, ??, ???, ??/???, ???
?6?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ? ??? ???
????
??? ?(2012) ?????? ??, ??? ??, ????? ???? ????
??? ?(2012) ?????, ????, ??????, ??, ?? ? ????

25
??? ???? ??
??? ?(2012)
????: [??]????, ???? ??, [?] ??, ??
????: [??] ???? ??, ??????, [?] ??, ??
???: [??] ??????, ??????, [?] ??, ??
????
??? ??
(????
??)
??? ?(2013)
???/??, ??, ??(??), ??/??, ??, ??? ????, ??
??
????
???, ???
(2012)
?????: ??? ????, ??? ??
?????: ??? ?? ??, ??? ?? ??? ??
?????: ????????? ??? ??, ??????, ??? ?
??
????
??? ?(2013)
???, ??, ??, ??? ??, ??? ??, ??? ????, ???
???? ??, ??
?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???
????
??? ?(2014) ???, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ?? ????
??? ?(2013) ???, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ????, ?? ????
1995? ??????????? ??? ?? ? ????? ??? ?? ???
?(1998)? ????? ?? ??? ??, ??, ???? ??? ?? ????, ?
???, ??????? ? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????. ?
?? ?(2004)? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????, ???
? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? 20?? ?
? ??? 21??? ???? ????(?????, ??, ??? ???, ???
??)? ?????.
??? ?(2011)? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??
?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???? 6?? ?? ??? ??, ???
?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??
? ??. ??? 6?? ?? ??, ??, ??, ???, ??/???, ??????.
??? ?(2012)? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?
????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??, ??? ??,
????? ?????? ?????. ??? ?(2012)? ????? ??? ???
? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????, ????, ??????, ??, ?
? ?? ?????. ??? ?(2012)? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???

26
???? ???? ???, ??? ?(2012)? ????? ???? ??? ???
? ???? ??.
??? ?(2012)? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???
? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???, ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ??
??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ?
?? ??(??)? ??? ?????? ?????. ?? ?? ??? ???, ?
??, ??? 3 ???? ????, 3 ??? ?? 6?? ????? ??, ??, ?
?, ??, ??, ??? ?????. ??? ?(2013) ????? ??? ?(2012) ?
?? ??? ??, 3?? 9???? ??? ?? ??? ??????, ??? ??
? ??? ?? ?????? ???, ???, ??? 3 ?? 7?? ????? ?
????. ?? ????? ????, ??? ???? ?????, ??, ??(???
?) ???, ??? ???? ?????, ?? ???, ??(???) ???? ???
????, ???? ??? ?????.
??? ?(2014)? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ? ???? ??
?? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????
? ???? ?? ????? ?? 12?? ?? ???? ?????. ? ????
? ??? ??? ?·??? ? ???? ??, ???????? “?? ?? ?
?”, ???????? “??? ??? ??(character strengths and virtues)”, ??
? ??????? “?? ? ????”? ?? ?????? ?????. ??? ?
? ???? ?? ‘???’? ?? ??·??, ?? ??? ???? ‘6 ?? ??’,
????? ‘??? ????’? ?? ??, ?? ‘????’? ?? ??·?? ?
? ?????. ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??, ????
?? ?? ??? ?????, ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???.
??? ??? ?? ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ?
?, ??? 12?? ?? ??? ??, ?????.
??? ?(2013)? ????? ?????? ??? ‘?? ?? ?? ?? ???’
??, ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ? ? ??? ??? ??
? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????
?? ??? ????? ?????. ??? ????(??? ?, 2012; ??? ?,
2012; ??? ?, 2012; ???, 2013)? ???? ??, ??, ??, ??? ??, ?

27
?? ??, ??? ????, ??? ???? ??, ??? 8?? ?? ?? ??
? ?????.
??? ?(2013)? ?? ????? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ??? ???
?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?
???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ???? 3
? ?? 10? ??? ???? ??(??, ?? ,??, ??, ??, ??), ??(??,
??), ??????(????, ??)?? ?????. ?? 10?? ?? ??? ?
?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????, ?? ?? ?
???, ????, ????, ??? ??, ??? ??, ????, ???????
?(??? ?, 2013. pp. 7-16).
?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?
???? ????? ?? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??
? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??. ??? ?
??? ‘?’, ‘??’ ??? ‘??’? ???? ? ?? ??? ?? ? ? ???, ?
?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ?
?, ??, ??? ???, ??? ??? ????, ???? ? ??. ??? ???
? ? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????.
2. ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ? ??
???? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?????
???? ???? ??, ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??, ???
????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????.
?. ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ? ??
2012??? ????? ???? <?????? ????>(???????, 2012)
?? ??? ???????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ????
???? ??? ?????. ?? ??? ??? ???? 3-5? ???????

28
??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ????, ????? ?????. ???? ???
? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????, ??? ?? ????
????, ????, ?? ?? ??, ??, ?? ?? ???? ??(??????
?, 2012, pp. 34-37).
?? ???????? ??????? ????? 21?? ????? ????
?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??, ??? ??, ??? ???? ?
?? 6?? 6?? ????? (<? Ⅱ-4> ??).
? Ⅱ-4 ??? 3?? ??? ????
?? ??
??? ??
??
???
?????? ???
???
???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?
??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????
???
??? ??
???
???
???? ??? ???? ??? ??, ??, ??? ??·
????, ??? ???? ??? ??·???? ???
? ??????
??
????
???
???
???? ??, ??, ??, ?? ?? ????, ??? ??
? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??
???? ??????
?. ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ? ??
?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ? ???? ??? ?
? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????. ???? 「????? ??
? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??」(??? ?, 2011)???? ??? ??
??? ??? ???? ??????? ??, ?? ???? ?? ??? ???
???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??. ?? ??????
?? ???? ?? ??? ???(Josephson Institute)? ‘???? ??’(6 pillar
virtues)? ?? ???? ????? ?? ? ??? ?????(<? Ⅱ-5> ??).
??? ?(2011)? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??. ??, ??
? ?(??, ??, ??)? ????? ??, ? ?????? ???? ??-??

29
???? ??? ???? ??, ????? ???? ??? ??? ????. ?
?? ??? ??? 6?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????
????? ? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??. ?? ?? ‘??’? ?
??? ???? ?? ??? ??, ???? ???? ??, ??, ?? ?? ??,
???? ???? ??, ???? ???? ???? ??.
? Ⅱ-5 ????? ?? ? ??(??? ?, 2011)
??
????
???
??
?? ??
?? ?? ?? ??, ??, ??
??
????
????
??, ??, ??,
???, ??,
???, ??, ??,
??
??, ???
????, ?? ??,
????
仁
禮
敬
??
???
????
??, ??, ??,
???
??, ??
???, ???,
???
仁
慈
??
??
??(?? ??)
??, ? ??? ?? ????, ??
??·?? ??
??, ?? ??
??
誠
??
???
???
??, ??, ??,
??
???? ????
??
??? ???
???? ??,
??? ????
??
信
??
???
???? ????, ?? ??
??, ??, ?? ?
??? ??
??, ?? ? ???
??
義
???
???
???
???
??, ??, ???
??
???, ???,
??? ??? ??
? ??? ??
??? ??,
???? ??,
???? ??
? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ‘???? ??’? ??
???, ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???
??? ?????. ??? ??? ??? ???? 「????? ???? ???
?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??」(??? ?, 2012)? ?????. ??? ???
??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ???

30
????? ????? ????? ?????. ???? ????? ??? ??
? ‘?? ?? ?? ??(????, ????, ???? ??, ??, ?? ?)’? ?
?, ??, ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????(??
? ?, 2012, pp. 3-4).
2013? ? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ‘???? ??? ??’? ?? ???
?? ????? ?? ??? ?? 「????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??
??」(??? ?, 2013)? ??? ?????(<? Ⅱ-6> ??). ?????? ???
?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?????
??? ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????
? ?????. ????? ??? ????? ?? 7? ??(??, ??, ??, ?
?, ??, ??, ??)? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????, ? ?
? ? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??.
? Ⅱ-6 ????? ?? ?????? ???? ? ?? ?? ??·????(??? ?, 2013)
???? ? ???? ???? ????
??
·????: ???, ????, ????, ????, ??? ??
·????: ?? ??, ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??
?? ·??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??
?? ·???? ??, ??, ??, ??, ??? ???
??? ?? ·?????, ??????, ??, ????, ???
??? ?? ·??? ??? ?? ??, ??? ?? ??, ?? ??, ??? ??
??? ???? ·??????, ??? ?? ?? ??
??? ?? ????
·????, ??? ?? ?? ??, ??? ?? ??? ?????, ??? ??,
??? ???? ??
?? ??, ????, ??
?. ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ? ??
??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??
?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ‘????? ???? ? ?? ??
? ????’? ?????(??? ?, 2011; ??? ?, 2013; ?? ?, 2013).

31
1) ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??(??? ?, 2011)
????? ?? ? ????? ?? ????? ??, ??, ??? 1634?? ??
?? ????? ?? ??? ?????. ???? ??, ??, ????? ???
?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???, ????? ???? ?? ??? ??
??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??(51%) ? ????? ???? ??
????? ??(18.8%), ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??(18.8%)? ???
? ?? ??? ????(??? ?, 2011, pp. 35-41).
????? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??
?, ???? 10?? ??(??, ??, ??, ??, ?? ????, ????, ??, ?
?? ??, ???, ??)? 1?? 2?? ????? ? ??, 1?? ??? ???
22.4%? ?? ???, ??, ??, ??, ?? ?? ???? ????. 1??? 2??
? ??? ??? ??, ??? ??? ?? 34.8%? ?? ???, ??, ??, ??
???? ?? ??? ????. ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?
?????? ??, ??, ??, ???, ??? ?????(??? ?, 2011, p. 68).
2) ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??(??? ?, 2013)
?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ? ??? ???
?, ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ? ??? ???? ?? ?????
???? ??, ???, ?? 3914?? ???? ?????. ??, ??? ????
???????? ???? ? ???? 8? ?? ?? ? ?? ??(??, ??,
??, ??? ??, ??? ??, ??? ?? ??, ?? ?? ?? ??, ??)?
?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???. ?·??? ??
?? 90% ??? 8? ?? ?? ???? ? ???? ???? ?????. ??
? ????? ??? ????? ? ?? ?? 3??? ???? ? ??, ?·?
??? ??? ?? ??, ??, ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????.
?? ???? ????? ? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??
????? ???? ???? ??? ??, ?? ? ?????, ??? ??? ?
?, ????? ??? ? ?? , ?·???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????
?? ??? ?????(??? ?, 2013, pp. 211-212). ???, ??? ??? ??

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