2015 Overview Rail Transport Course
- 1. V2010-1 Rail Transport Overview modules / course material 2015
- 2. V2010-1 Rail Transport Module 1.0 From transport to traffic
- 3. V2010-1 Modal split / Modal shift Rail transport Demand for rail transport Spatial planning Economy Mobility Following market requirements or politically driven
- 4. V2010-1 Classification of Railway systems Rail transport course based on Joern Pachl Public Transport and goods Industrial railways Streetcars, trams Local electric railways Metro, Subways Mountain railways Other special railways Connected to the public network Not connected to the public network Standard railway Light rail systems Railway systems Monorail systems Special railway systems
- 5. V2010-1 Site preparation. Substructure It comprises the subgrade itself, including in particular embankments, cuttings, drainage channels, planting for protection side slopes etc. Superstructure This consists of the rails (including turnouts and crossings), sleepers, fastenings, ballast and sub ballast or slab track. Engineering structures Viaducts, (moveable) bridges, tunnels, covered cuttings, culverts and other underpasses, retaining walls etc. Level crossings Including appliances to ensure the safety of road traffic. Traction power supply Which includes catenaries or supports of third rail, substations, power supply cables and control equipment. Safety, signalling and telecommunications installations Signal masts and / or cab signalling systems, train detection system, train control equipment, cables and control systems. Additional facilities For example baffle boards, fences etc. Ground area Stations and stops Terminals, platforms, pedestrian route, elevators, escalators, stairs etc. The railway system and its components
- 6. V2010-1 Transport Traffic Infrastructure Three pillars of the rail system Passenger- and ton-kilometres Demand for transport Origin and destination Definition of the transport needs to be satisfied (product- market) Ticket price Quality of service Travel time Frequency of service Punctuality Change needed Reliability Track length Speed (maximum) Routes Synchronism External constraints Environmental Relation with other modalities Safety Legislation Interaction scenery Technical aspects Required space Maintenance Costs Trains Number and length Cruise speed Acceleration and deceleration Weight Diesel or electric traction 1500 Volt / 25kV Functions Preconditions
- 7. V2010-1 Door to door journey Connecting mode Main leg Connecting mode
- 9. V2010-1 Organisation goods transport Full train load Unit cargo Intermodal transport
- 10. V2010-1 Full train load One customer, one train. No shunting. Fast. Goods from origin to destination by train. No other transport mode needed. No throughput. Chartered trains. No freight, no train. Ores Cereals Cars
- 12. V2010-1 Traffic Three pillars of the rail system Trains Number and length Cruise speed Acceleration and deceleration Weight Diesel or electric traction 1500 Volt / 25kV
- 15. V2010-1 Width and height Rail head NL L D DK A PL EU GB 1500 mm Standard or normal track width Track gauge 1435 mm 3150 mm 2790 mm 1380 mm 3500mm 3805mm 4650mm 4320mm 3220mm Overhead contact wire, viaducts and tunnels Vehicle gauge
- 16. V2010-1 Length Freight European UIC standard = 750 m. While in the United States .
- 17. V2010-1 Weight Rail head Axle load 2 axles 4 axles Ton / meter Class Axle load 103 kg Ton / meter 103 kg / m. A 16 5,0 B / B1 18 5,0 B2 18 6,4 C / C2 20 6,4 C3 20 7,2 C4 20 8,0 D / D2 22,5 6,4 D3 22,5 7,2 D4 22,5 8,0
- 18. V2010-1 Rolling stock Basic forms vehicles Locomotive Wagon Coach Multiple unit
- 20. V2010-1 Train characteristics One direction Two directions
- 21. V2010-1 Long: Trains up to 400 m. passengers and up to 750 m. freight (Europe). Heavy: Freight trains up to (gross) 5400 ton (Europe). High top speed: HST 200 - 350 km/h. Slow: Acceleration and deceleration. Limited gradient: 2,5 - 4 % maximum. Power: Diesel, electric (external supply) or hybrid Train characteristics
- 22. V2010-1 Product market combinations freight Multimodal Ores (bulk) Chemistry Steel Unit cargo / automotive
- 23. V2010-1 Regional 10 30 km. 2-4x t/u. Multicity 10 30 km. 4-8x t/u. 30 - 100 km. 2-6x t/u. International 300 1000 km. 6x t/d. International 1000+ km. 1x t/d. National 100 - 300 km. 1x t/u. Product market combinations passengers Urban 3 10 km. 8-16x t/u. Urban 1 3 km. 8-16x t/u.
- 24. V2010-1 Rail Transport Module 3.0 Guided transport systems
- 25. V2010-1 Traffic Infrastructure Three pillars of the rail system Track length Speed (maximum) Routes Synchronism Trains Number and length Cruise speed Acceleration and deceleration Weight Diesel or electric traction 1500 Volt / 25kV Functions
- 26. V2010-1 Guided transport Only a single degree of movement. Infrastructure determents direction and position. There is no steering wheel inside the vehicle! What is the most essential characteristic element of rail transport?
- 27. V2010-1 Guided transport Guided transport systems in components Passenger compartment Drivers cab Engine / propulsion Bus (way) Tram / train Support Guide
- 29. V2010-1 Network elements Only three elements: Transfer node Link Junction node
- 30. V2010-1 Junction node A network consists of many transfer nodes. Linked together with junction nodes. Characteristics: Speed (maximum), relations, and synchronism
- 31. V2010-1 Rail transport Module 4.0 Track alignment
- 32. V2010-1 Infrastructure Three pillars of the rail system Track length Speed (maximum) Routes Synchronism External constraints Environmental Relation with other modalities Safety Legislation Interaction scenery Technical aspects Required space Maintenance Costs Functions Preconditions
- 33. V2010-1 V2 R = a Cant allows higher speeds g = gravity (m/s2) h = cant (m) s = gauge (m) (g x h) s + Maximum speed according to elementary physics (centrifugal acceleration) is limited (safety / comfort / wear). V = speed (m/s) R = curve (m) a = (centrifugal) acceleration (m/s2) Maximum centrifugal acceleration for passenger comfort = 0,8 m/s2 Curved track
- 34. V2010-1 Rail Transport Module 5.0 Turnouts and crossings
- 35. V2010-1 Infrastructure Three pillars of the rail system Speed (maximum) Routes Synchronism External constraints Environmental Relation with other modalities Safety Legislation Interaction scenery Technical aspects Required space Maintenance Costs Functions Preconditions
- 36. V2010-1 Routes (the amount of) D EC A B Routes or connections is the amount of possible exits across an interlocking from a specific track (in one movement!). For instance: There is only one possible route from track A; track D.
- 37. V2010-1 Synchronism D EC A B Routes A- D and B E
- 38. V2010-1 Standard turnout Switch rails or points Frog Front Rear Check or guard rail Scheme standard turnout Operating rod to switch stand Hand throw or switch / point machine remote controlled
- 39. V2010-1 Standard turnout Front Rear Check or guard rail standard turnout Prevents wheel flange (opposite wheel) taking the wrong direction
- 40. Rail Transport Module 6.0 Terminals and stops
- 41. V2010-1 Transport Infrastructure Three pillars of the rail system Functions Preconditions Quality of service Change needed Required space
- 42. Intermediate terminal and stop Stop Terminal
- 43. The four main functions Platform Hall Forecourt Pedestrianroute
- 44. Creepy types I work night shifts. Is it safe to travel in the evening or at night? Social security
- 45. V2010-1 Rail Transport Module 7.1 Signalling and safety
- 46. V2010-1 Infrastructure Three pillars of the rail system Functions Preconditions Track length Speed (maximum) Routes Synchronism External constraints Environmental Relation with other modalities Safety Legislation Interaction scenery Technical aspects Required space Maintenance Costs
- 47. V2010-1 Safety directly related to the train system Infrastructure limitations Train separation Interaction with other transport modes (level crossings) Rail defects
- 49. V2010-1 Train separation Tools Communication Information Control Movement authorisation Point machines Remote controlled and part of an interlocking Train detection GSM-R Signalling
- 50. V2010-1 Movement authority Different forms: Spoken Written Procedures Tokens Signs Light signals Electronic The message is always the same: From to and maximum speed allowed.
- 51. V2010-1 Rail Transport Module 7.2 Signalling and safety
- 52. V2010-1 Infrastructure based traffic control system 4 2 Higher speeds longer blocks
- 53. V2010-1 Infrastructure based traffic control system Track circuits Power source Relay + + - - Gravity Block occupied Insulating joints Insulating joints Track circuit
- 54. V2010-1 Infrastructure based traffic control system Axle counters Axle counters 60 402
- 55. V2010-1 Vehicle based traffic control system Authority and track description GSM-R Train position and train integrity ERTMS level 3
- 56. V2010-1 ERTMS GSM-R 2 EVC TIM DMI Antenna RBC IXL Eurobalise Train report Identification, position, actual speed, train integrity, Level and mode GSM-R 876880 MHz Traffic management Signalling system Interlocking Odo
- 57. V2010-1 ERTMS GSM-R 2 EVC TIM DMI Antenna RBC IXL Eurobalise Movement Authority (MA) Distance of the movement authority, static speed profile, gradient profile and linking information GSM-R 921925 MHz Traffic management Signalling system Interlocking Odo
- 58. V2010-1 Safety net Limit effects of passing a stop signal 1. Crosslocks in combination with a trap point. Preventing a train entering an occupied track.
- 59. 2010-1 Rail Transport Module 8 Rail system design / capacity
- 60. 2010-1 Brake margin = 5 m. Couple / split = 5 m. extra Train length part 1 Train length part 2 Sum platform length = longest train + 5 m. brake margin + potential 5 m. couple / split From train length to track length End face platform Dwarf signal = 15 m. End face platform Standard signal= 10 m. Fouling point Insulating joints = 4x tangent + 5 m. Insulating Joint - Signal General 10 m. Fouling point Insulating joints = 4x tangent + 5 m. Insulating Joint - Signal General 10 m. Gross track length between fouling point indicators is 405 meter for 340 meter long train!
- 61. 2010-1 Headway 1181 m.1181 m. 9 seconds reaction time 325 2687 m. / 130 km/h = 1 minute 14 seconds. 130 0 = 1181 meter. 9 sec. / 130 km/h = 325 meter. 1506 meter / 130 km/h = 42 seconds Cab signalling Blok system Curve brake 0,66 m/s2
- 62. 2010-1 Line capacity Time / Distance time timetable
- 63. 2010-1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Distance Time A B C D E 00 12 02 22 15 27 Line capacity
- 64. 2010-1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Distance Time A B C D E Line capacity
- 65. Environmental capacity Geographic topics Traffic related topics Social topics Visual hindrance Spatial planning Healing city structure Noise reduction Vibrations Hazardous goods
- 66. Rail Transport Module 9.0 Track concepts The balance between safety, space and speed
- 67. V2010-1 Infrastructure Three pillars of the rail system Functions Preconditions Track length Speed (maximum) Routes Synchronism External constraints Environmental Relation with other modalities Safety Legislation Interaction public space Technical aspects Required space Maintenance Costs
- 68. V2010-1 Drivers appreciation (optional) Line side signal masts Signalling Cab signalling (required) Traffic regulation with signalling (required) 0 18 200140 300+50
- 69. V2010-1 Braking power 5,2 m/s2 = 36 meter 2,5 m/s2 = 76 meter 4,5 m/s2 = 42 meter 1,0 m/s2 = 189 meter 1,2 m/s2 = 157 meter 0,66 m/s2 = 286 meter Braking distance at 70 km/h Legislation Passenger comfort
- 70. V2010-1 Interaction with other transport modes 0 18 200140 300+50 Mixed traffic Crossings Traffic lights Level crossing (secured) Completely segregated infrastructure Additional shielding
- 71. Track concepts Fully integrated track Free (tramway) track Exclusive (tramway) track Fully segregated track Speed Safety measures Required space
- 74. Fully segregated track (automated, driverless operation) Renewed line 1 Paris Sliding doors match vehicle like an elevator
- 75. Rail transport Module 10.0 The railroad and its environment
- 76. Integration Geographic topics Traffic related topics Social topics Visual hindrance Spatial planning Healing city structure Noise reduction
- 77. 77 息 2009 ARCADIS Geographic topics Waterways
- 78. Automatic crossings Start alarm bells and red lights: 25 seconds based on maximum track speed allowed. V= 130 km/h = 903 m.
- 80. Different level crossing rail - road Optimalisation 1,7% = 120 m. 2,50m. 4,60m. 7% = 50 m.50 m. = 3% 2,00 m.
- 81. hybrid. Solution Visual hindrance Overhead contact wire
- 82. V2010-1 Rail Transport Module 11 Line planning and rescheduling
- 83. V2010-1 Line planning Line planning OV SAAL 2016 ASD WP ASB RAIASDZHFD SHL ASDL ASSH ASS ASDM ASSP DMN DVD DMNZ HVS HVSN NDB BSMZ ALMPT ALM ALMM ALMP ALMO ALMB LLS KPNZ DNT ZL AMFS AVAT BRN AMF es dv hnk paris/bxl rtd bd hfdo gvc gvc gvc hfdo hfdo hfdo hfdo hfdo ut ut ut ut HST Intercity All station service Goods awhv on bh gn/lw kfh hfdo Product market translation
- 84. V2010-1 ASD WP ASDM ASSP DMN HVS HVSN NDB BSMZ AMFS AVAT BRN AMF es dv ut ut awhv bh shl alm alm Hilversum Amsterdam Centraal Form line planning to time table Line planning OV SAAL 2016 HST Intercity All station service Goods ut
- 85. V2010-1 Amsterdam Centraal Schiphol Hilversum AlmereTransfer Transfer Weesp Cross platform Gpda Mdsa Form line planning to infrastructure
- 87. V2010-1 Amsterdam Centraal Schiphol Hilversum Almere Amsterdam X ! Weesp Schiphol Gpda Mdsa Rescheduling Yellow infra Infrastructure required for a complete / corridor blockade
- 88. V1.1, 21-9-09 Rail Transport Module 12 Introduction traction power supply
- 89. V2010-1 Traffic Three pillars of the rail system Trains electric traction 1500 Volt / 25kV Metro / tram 600 / 750 V
- 90. V1.1, 21-9-09 Contact wire support structures Frame 2.85 meter Height 5.50 meter Height 8.50 meter
- 91. V1.1, 21-9-09 Energy 10.000 V 1.800 V = 4 kA + - 賊 1.500 V 4 kA M U = I * R Power (max) = U * I = 6mW Power plant Substation
- 92. V1.1, 21-9-09 Sections To allow maintenance to the traction power supply system, without having to turn off the entire system, the line is split up into electrically separated portions known as "sections". D EC A B Insulator
- 93. Thank you Any questions? andre.vanes@arcadis.nl / a.vanes@utwente.nl +31 6 2706 2413