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2017 02 classification of the scientific research, by jan burnewicz & monika bak, university of gdansk

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University of Gdansk
University of Gdansk

This document classifies scientific research according to the Frascati Manual 2015. It divides research into pure/basic research that seeks to advance knowledge without a specific practical aim, and applied/experimental development research that seeks to achieve practical aims or create new technologies. The classification considers the nature, form, procedure, data, area of knowledge, scale, and purpose of the research. The goal is to help discuss different types of scientific research.

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Classification of scientific research (for discussion) Prof. Jan Burnewicz & Prof. Monika Bak, University of Gdansk Gdansk 2017
Purpose of Research (Frascati Manual 2015) Basic Applied Experimental developmentClassification criteria The nature of the research Pure (general, comprehensive, exhaustive, monographic) Detailed (elementary, crucial, in- depth)Oriented (priority, strategy, support) Specialised (implementation, experiments, demonstration) Form of cognition Theoretical (abstract, conceptual, speculative) Empirical (observational, analytical, pragmatic) Empirical (observational, experimental, analytical) Technological (design, measurement, experiments, pilot studies, laboratories, tests) Research procedure Exploratory (probing, penetrative, investigative, conceptual) Practical studies (experiments, experiences, checks) Data analysed Quantitative (measurement, observation representative, quantitative modeling, quantitative inference) Qualitative (process mapping, assessment of the state of objects and phenomena, modelling dependencies) Area of knowledge Monodisciplinary (formal, natural, technical, humanistic, social, artistic) Multidisciplinary (interdisciplinary, transdisciplinary, heuristic, innovative) Scale of cognition Elementary (micro) System (macro) Case studies Elementary and system Unique Prototype Descriptive (literature analysis, archival research, historical observations) Explanatory (interpretative, analytical, causal, comparative)

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2017 02 classification of the scientific research, by jan burnewicz & monika bak, university of gdansk

  • 1. Classification of scientific research (for discussion) Prof. Jan Burnewicz & Prof. Monika Bak, University of Gdansk Gdansk 2017
  • 2. Purpose of Research (Frascati Manual 2015) Basic Applied Experimental developmentClassification criteria The nature of the research Pure (general, comprehensive, exhaustive, monographic) Detailed (elementary, crucial, in- depth)Oriented (priority, strategy, support) Specialised (implementation, experiments, demonstration) Form of cognition Theoretical (abstract, conceptual, speculative) Empirical (observational, analytical, pragmatic) Empirical (observational, experimental, analytical) Technological (design, measurement, experiments, pilot studies, laboratories, tests) Research procedure Exploratory (probing, penetrative, investigative, conceptual) Practical studies (experiments, experiences, checks) Data analysed Quantitative (measurement, observation representative, quantitative modeling, quantitative inference) Qualitative (process mapping, assessment of the state of objects and phenomena, modelling dependencies) Area of knowledge Monodisciplinary (formal, natural, technical, humanistic, social, artistic) Multidisciplinary (interdisciplinary, transdisciplinary, heuristic, innovative) Scale of cognition Elementary (micro) System (macro) Case studies Elementary and system Unique Prototype Descriptive (literature analysis, archival research, historical observations) Explanatory (interpretative, analytical, causal, comparative)