The jar has a dented lid, which could allow contamination into the food. Jars and bottles should be discarded if they have dented, swollen, rusted, loose or missing lids.
This document discusses the importance of food safety and sanitation in child care settings. Foodborne illness poses a high risk to young children as their immune systems are still developing. Proper hygiene, food handling, storage, preparation, and cleaning/sanitation practices are essential to prevent contamination and the growth of bacteria. Key steps include washing hands frequently, avoiding bare hand contact with ready-to-eat foods, properly storing and cooking foods, and using a sanitizing solution to clean surfaces. Maintaining high standards of cleanliness helps protect children's health and safety.
This document discusses the importance of food safety and sanitation in child care settings. Foodborne illness poses a high risk to young children as their immune systems are still developing. Proper hygiene, food handling, storage, preparation, and cleaning/sanitation practices are essential to prevent contamination and the growth of bacteria. Key steps include washing hands frequently, avoiding bare hand contact with ready-to-eat foods, properly storing and cooking foods, and using a sanitizing solution to clean surfaces. Maintaining high standards of cleanliness helps protect children's health.
The document discusses food safety in the kitchen. It provides tips for ensuring kitchen safety and sanitation such as keeping the kitchen clean to reduce food risks and accidents. It also discusses the four main types of food hazards and provides guidelines for safe food handling, preparation, cooking, and storage. Specific tips include using separate cutting boards for meats and other foods, washing fruits and vegetables before use, and storing raw meats separately from other groceries. Burn prevention, fall prevention, and chemical safety in the kitchen are also covered.
The document provides guidance on food safety training, including proper hygiene practices like handwashing and illness policies, preventing contamination, temperature control, pest control, receiving/storing/delivering food safely, and foodborne illness statistics. It notes that in 2011, the CDC estimated 48 million Americans get sick from foodborne illnesses annually, with Salmonella being the top pathogen causing hospitalizations. Adhering to food safety practices can help prevent these illnesses.
This document provides training information on safe food handling practices for Texas Tech University's Hospitality Services department. It covers important topics like knife skills, preventing cross-contamination, foodborne illness, holding and cooking temperatures, cooling procedures, first in first out, work area sanitation, recipe adherence, and safe chemical usage. Trainees are instructed on proper hand washing, food separation, cooking temperatures, and time/temperature standards to avoid bacterial growth. Videos demonstrate knife grips, cross-contamination prevention, and proper food thermometer use.
This document provides information on basic food safety practices regarding receiving and storage. It discusses the three main types of food hazards: biological, chemical, and physical. Biological hazards include viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi. Chemical hazards include cleaners, sanitizers and lubricants. Physical hazards include hair, dirt and broken glass. The document emphasizes that time-temperature abuse, cross-contamination, and poor personal hygiene are the three critical factors that can make food unsafe. It provides guidelines for proper food receiving, storage, and maintaining good personal hygiene.
This document provides an overview of food contaminants and how to prevent foodborne illness. It defines key terms like food safety, sanitation, and microorganisms. The main types of food contaminants are biological, physical and chemical. Biological contaminants like bacteria and viruses can cause foodborne illness. Time-temperature abuse and cross-contamination are two major causes when harmful microbes spread. Proper handwashing, cleaning, cooking, cooling and separating foods are important to prevent contamination.
Cross contamination occurs when germs are transferred from one food item or surface to another. It can happen through contaminated hands, equipment, or utensils. To prevent cross contamination, foods should be stored and prepared separately with raw foods below ready-to-eat foods. Good hygiene practices like hand washing and cleaning food surfaces are important. Cross contamination is avoided by keeping raw and cooked foods apart during storage, preparation, serving, and using clean utensils and surfaces for each.
The document discusses food contaminants and how they can cause foodborne illness. The three main types of food contaminants are biological, physical, and chemical. Biological contaminants like bacteria and viruses can cause food poisoning if foods are mishandled. Physical contaminants are foreign objects that can accidentally enter food. Chemical contaminants are substances like cleaning products, pesticides, and toxic metals that can contaminate food. The three main causes of foodborne illness are cross-contamination, time/temperature abuse, and poor personal hygiene. Proper handwashing, cleaning/sanitizing, and food safety practices are key to preventing contamination.
Food sanitation involves protecting food from contamination and harmful microorganisms. It requires strict personal hygiene during all stages of food handling from preparation to serving. The three main causes of foodborne illness are cross-contamination, time and temperature abuse, and poor personal hygiene. Proper sanitation and food safety practices such as cleaning and sanitizing surfaces, cooking foods to the right temperatures, and frequent handwashing are essential to prevent contamination and the growth of harmful bacteria.
Food sanitation
Food sanitation
It included all practices involved in protecting food from risk of contamination, harmful bacteria, poisons and foreign bodies, preventing any bacteria from multiplying to an extent which would result in an illness of consumers; and destroying any harmful bacteria in the food by thorough cooking or processing.
The primary tenet of food-service sanitation is absolute cleanliness
It begins with personal hygiene, the safe handling of foods during preparation, and clean utensils, equipment, appliances, storage facilities, kitchen and dining room.
Definition of terms
Food Any substance whether simple, mixed or compounded that is used as food, drink, confectionery or condiments.
Safety is overall quality of food fit for consumption.
Sanitation is a health of being clean and conducive to health.
Cleanliness is the absence of visible soil or dirt and is not necessarily sanitized.
Microbiology - the branch of biology that deals with microorganisms and their effect on other microorganisms.
Microorganisms - organism of microscopic or submicroscopic
Food Infection - microbial infection resulting from ingestion of contaminated foods.
Food Intoxication - type of illness caused by toxins. Under favorable condition certain bacteria produce chemical compounds called toxins
Food Spoilage - means the original nutritional value, texture, flavor of the food are damaged, the food become harmful to people and unsuitable to eat.
Foodborne Illness A disease carried or transmitted to people by food.
Food Safety : A Top Priority
Food safety is the responsibility in every person who is involve in food service. Serving safe food is the top priority for every food service employee.
Dangers of food borne illness
Individual Food borne illness are the greatest danger to food safety. It could result to illness or diseases to an individual that would affect their overall health, work and personal lives.
Loss of family income
Increased insurance
Medical expenses
Cost of special dietary needs
Loss of productivity, leisure and travel opportunities
Death or funeral expense
Establishment Food borne illness outbreak can cost an establishment thousands of pesos, it can even be the reason an establishment is forced to closed.
Loss of customers and sales
Loss of prestige and reputation
Lawsuits
Increase insurance premiums
Lowered employee morale
Employee absenteeism
Increase employee turn over
Embarrassment
Types of Food Contaminants
Biological Contaminants
Physical Contaminants
Chemical Contaminant
Biological Contaminant A microbial contaminant that may cause a food borne illness (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, biological toxins)
Examples:
Sea food toxins
Mushroom toxins
Clostridium Botulinum
Salmonella bacteria
Preventing Bio
This document discusses the importance of food safety and outlines best practices for maintaining food safety. It begins by defining key terms like food, safety, foodborne illness, and contamination. It then discusses the dangers of foodborne illness to both individuals and establishments. The three main types of food contaminants are identified as biological, physical and chemical. Common causes of foodborne illness like cross-contamination, time/temperature abuse, and poor personal hygiene are explained. The document also provides guidance on maintaining facilities and equipment, pest control programs, and implementing Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) systems. Overall, the document emphasizes that food safety is critical for human survival and health.
Food sanitation involves protecting food from contamination and harmful bacteria through practices like proper handling, cleaning, and cooking. The primary goal is absolute cleanliness during all stages of food preparation and storage. The three main causes of foodborne illness are cross-contamination, time and temperature abuse, and poor personal hygiene. Bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi can all contaminate food and make people sick if proper sanitation practices are not followed.
The document discusses proper hygiene practices for food safety. It emphasizes the importance of hand washing, especially after using the bathroom and before handling food. It also stresses cleaning and disinfecting surfaces used for food preparation. The document provides guidance on safe food storage, such as keeping raw meats separate from other foods and refrigerating or freezing perishables promptly. It recommends preparing foods separately based on cooking needs to prevent cross-contamination. Proper hygiene is key to preventing disease.
This document outlines procedures for a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) food safety and quality assurance manual. It includes definitions of key food safety terms, as well as policies and procedures for management, hiring, emergencies, food safety, employees, sanitation, and quality assurance forms. The goal is to prevent foodborne illness through error-free food production by identifying critical control points and monitoring temperatures, times, and procedures.
The document discusses safe food handling practices for child care facilities. It outlines the risks of foodborne illnesses from bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Proper food purchasing, storage, preparation, and serving are necessary to reduce risks. Key practices include washing hands and surfaces, properly storing and cooking foods, using clean utensils, and disposing of leftovers safely. The overall goal is to prevent foodborne illnesses in children by following food safety guidelines at all stages.
This document provides an overview of food safety and sanitation best practices for childcare facilities. It discusses the importance of food safety, proper handwashing, cleaning and sanitizing, time and temperature controls, preventing cross-contamination, record keeping, and implementing a Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) food safety plan. Maintaining high standards for personal hygiene, cleaning, food handling, and storage is essential to prevent foodborne illnesses.
The document outlines training objectives and guidelines for food handlers and operators to prevent foodborne illness through proper sanitation practices like frequent handwashing, avoiding cross-contamination, ensuring foods are properly cooked and stored at safe temperatures, and using proper sanitation of surfaces and equipment to eliminate bacteria and viruses that can cause disease. Key risks include improper temperature control of foods in the danger zone between 41-135属F where bacteria multiply fastest, as well as poor personal hygiene of food workers who can transmit illnesses.
The document provides information on front office reception services at accommodation venues. It describes the roles of reception staff which include welcoming and registering guests, providing services during occupancy, and organizing departures. It details the various shifts worked at reception and explains activities involved in the guest cycle from pre-arrival to departure such as generating reports, room allocation, and registering guests upon arrival.
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The document provides guidance on food safety training, including proper hygiene practices like handwashing and illness policies, preventing contamination, temperature control, pest control, receiving/storing/delivering food safely, and foodborne illness statistics. It notes that in 2011, the CDC estimated 48 million Americans get sick from foodborne illnesses annually, with Salmonella being the top pathogen causing hospitalizations. Adhering to food safety practices can help prevent these illnesses.
This document provides training information on safe food handling practices for Texas Tech University's Hospitality Services department. It covers important topics like knife skills, preventing cross-contamination, foodborne illness, holding and cooking temperatures, cooling procedures, first in first out, work area sanitation, recipe adherence, and safe chemical usage. Trainees are instructed on proper hand washing, food separation, cooking temperatures, and time/temperature standards to avoid bacterial growth. Videos demonstrate knife grips, cross-contamination prevention, and proper food thermometer use.
This document provides information on basic food safety practices regarding receiving and storage. It discusses the three main types of food hazards: biological, chemical, and physical. Biological hazards include viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi. Chemical hazards include cleaners, sanitizers and lubricants. Physical hazards include hair, dirt and broken glass. The document emphasizes that time-temperature abuse, cross-contamination, and poor personal hygiene are the three critical factors that can make food unsafe. It provides guidelines for proper food receiving, storage, and maintaining good personal hygiene.
This document provides an overview of food contaminants and how to prevent foodborne illness. It defines key terms like food safety, sanitation, and microorganisms. The main types of food contaminants are biological, physical and chemical. Biological contaminants like bacteria and viruses can cause foodborne illness. Time-temperature abuse and cross-contamination are two major causes when harmful microbes spread. Proper handwashing, cleaning, cooking, cooling and separating foods are important to prevent contamination.
Cross contamination occurs when germs are transferred from one food item or surface to another. It can happen through contaminated hands, equipment, or utensils. To prevent cross contamination, foods should be stored and prepared separately with raw foods below ready-to-eat foods. Good hygiene practices like hand washing and cleaning food surfaces are important. Cross contamination is avoided by keeping raw and cooked foods apart during storage, preparation, serving, and using clean utensils and surfaces for each.
The document discusses food contaminants and how they can cause foodborne illness. The three main types of food contaminants are biological, physical, and chemical. Biological contaminants like bacteria and viruses can cause food poisoning if foods are mishandled. Physical contaminants are foreign objects that can accidentally enter food. Chemical contaminants are substances like cleaning products, pesticides, and toxic metals that can contaminate food. The three main causes of foodborne illness are cross-contamination, time/temperature abuse, and poor personal hygiene. Proper handwashing, cleaning/sanitizing, and food safety practices are key to preventing contamination.
Food sanitation involves protecting food from contamination and harmful microorganisms. It requires strict personal hygiene during all stages of food handling from preparation to serving. The three main causes of foodborne illness are cross-contamination, time and temperature abuse, and poor personal hygiene. Proper sanitation and food safety practices such as cleaning and sanitizing surfaces, cooking foods to the right temperatures, and frequent handwashing are essential to prevent contamination and the growth of harmful bacteria.
Food sanitation
Food sanitation
It included all practices involved in protecting food from risk of contamination, harmful bacteria, poisons and foreign bodies, preventing any bacteria from multiplying to an extent which would result in an illness of consumers; and destroying any harmful bacteria in the food by thorough cooking or processing.
The primary tenet of food-service sanitation is absolute cleanliness
It begins with personal hygiene, the safe handling of foods during preparation, and clean utensils, equipment, appliances, storage facilities, kitchen and dining room.
Definition of terms
Food Any substance whether simple, mixed or compounded that is used as food, drink, confectionery or condiments.
Safety is overall quality of food fit for consumption.
Sanitation is a health of being clean and conducive to health.
Cleanliness is the absence of visible soil or dirt and is not necessarily sanitized.
Microbiology - the branch of biology that deals with microorganisms and their effect on other microorganisms.
Microorganisms - organism of microscopic or submicroscopic
Food Infection - microbial infection resulting from ingestion of contaminated foods.
Food Intoxication - type of illness caused by toxins. Under favorable condition certain bacteria produce chemical compounds called toxins
Food Spoilage - means the original nutritional value, texture, flavor of the food are damaged, the food become harmful to people and unsuitable to eat.
Foodborne Illness A disease carried or transmitted to people by food.
Food Safety : A Top Priority
Food safety is the responsibility in every person who is involve in food service. Serving safe food is the top priority for every food service employee.
Dangers of food borne illness
Individual Food borne illness are the greatest danger to food safety. It could result to illness or diseases to an individual that would affect their overall health, work and personal lives.
Loss of family income
Increased insurance
Medical expenses
Cost of special dietary needs
Loss of productivity, leisure and travel opportunities
Death or funeral expense
Establishment Food borne illness outbreak can cost an establishment thousands of pesos, it can even be the reason an establishment is forced to closed.
Loss of customers and sales
Loss of prestige and reputation
Lawsuits
Increase insurance premiums
Lowered employee morale
Employee absenteeism
Increase employee turn over
Embarrassment
Types of Food Contaminants
Biological Contaminants
Physical Contaminants
Chemical Contaminant
Biological Contaminant A microbial contaminant that may cause a food borne illness (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, biological toxins)
Examples:
Sea food toxins
Mushroom toxins
Clostridium Botulinum
Salmonella bacteria
Preventing Bio
This document discusses the importance of food safety and outlines best practices for maintaining food safety. It begins by defining key terms like food, safety, foodborne illness, and contamination. It then discusses the dangers of foodborne illness to both individuals and establishments. The three main types of food contaminants are identified as biological, physical and chemical. Common causes of foodborne illness like cross-contamination, time/temperature abuse, and poor personal hygiene are explained. The document also provides guidance on maintaining facilities and equipment, pest control programs, and implementing Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) systems. Overall, the document emphasizes that food safety is critical for human survival and health.
Food sanitation involves protecting food from contamination and harmful bacteria through practices like proper handling, cleaning, and cooking. The primary goal is absolute cleanliness during all stages of food preparation and storage. The three main causes of foodborne illness are cross-contamination, time and temperature abuse, and poor personal hygiene. Bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi can all contaminate food and make people sick if proper sanitation practices are not followed.
The document discusses proper hygiene practices for food safety. It emphasizes the importance of hand washing, especially after using the bathroom and before handling food. It also stresses cleaning and disinfecting surfaces used for food preparation. The document provides guidance on safe food storage, such as keeping raw meats separate from other foods and refrigerating or freezing perishables promptly. It recommends preparing foods separately based on cooking needs to prevent cross-contamination. Proper hygiene is key to preventing disease.
This document outlines procedures for a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) food safety and quality assurance manual. It includes definitions of key food safety terms, as well as policies and procedures for management, hiring, emergencies, food safety, employees, sanitation, and quality assurance forms. The goal is to prevent foodborne illness through error-free food production by identifying critical control points and monitoring temperatures, times, and procedures.
The document discusses safe food handling practices for child care facilities. It outlines the risks of foodborne illnesses from bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Proper food purchasing, storage, preparation, and serving are necessary to reduce risks. Key practices include washing hands and surfaces, properly storing and cooking foods, using clean utensils, and disposing of leftovers safely. The overall goal is to prevent foodborne illnesses in children by following food safety guidelines at all stages.
This document provides an overview of food safety and sanitation best practices for childcare facilities. It discusses the importance of food safety, proper handwashing, cleaning and sanitizing, time and temperature controls, preventing cross-contamination, record keeping, and implementing a Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) food safety plan. Maintaining high standards for personal hygiene, cleaning, food handling, and storage is essential to prevent foodborne illnesses.
The document outlines training objectives and guidelines for food handlers and operators to prevent foodborne illness through proper sanitation practices like frequent handwashing, avoiding cross-contamination, ensuring foods are properly cooked and stored at safe temperatures, and using proper sanitation of surfaces and equipment to eliminate bacteria and viruses that can cause disease. Key risks include improper temperature control of foods in the danger zone between 41-135属F where bacteria multiply fastest, as well as poor personal hygiene of food workers who can transmit illnesses.
The document provides information on front office reception services at accommodation venues. It describes the roles of reception staff which include welcoming and registering guests, providing services during occupancy, and organizing departures. It details the various shifts worked at reception and explains activities involved in the guest cycle from pre-arrival to departure such as generating reports, room allocation, and registering guests upon arrival.
The document discusses food safety and hygiene legislation and regulations in Ireland and Europe. It outlines several key acts that were introduced beginning in the late 1800s to protect consumer health by prohibiting contaminated foods and requiring hygienic practices. Regulations address food handling, kitchen hygiene, cooking, reheating, and storage. Personal hygiene of food handlers is important, such as proper handwashing and avoiding working with food when ill.
This document provides an overview of food safety practices including Good Warehousing Practices (GWP), Standard Sanitary Operating Procedures (SSOP), and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP). It discusses how disease can be transmitted through food and emphasizes the importance of employee health, hygiene, and illness reporting. Key aspects of GWP covered include policies for hair, clothing, jewelry, and wounds to prevent contamination. Personnel should not work with food if sick and must report symptoms like diarrhea or fever. Maintaining cleanliness and proper temperature control are also vital to preventing foodborne illness.
Service failures occur when a company's performance falls below a customer's expectations, creating dissatisfaction. There are many types of service failures including mechanical, behavioral, time-related, and process failures. In response, customers may complain informally or take more formal actions.
When service failures happen, companies should engage in service recovery strategies. This involves fixing both the customer and the underlying problem. To fix the customer, companies should respond quickly, communicate understanding, treat customers fairly, and build customer relationships. To fix the problem, companies should encourage complaints to identify issues, learn from recovery experiences, make services more reliable, and consider service guarantees. Effective guarantees are unconditional, meaningful, easy to understand, and supported by employee training.
This document provides guidance on following workplace hygiene procedures. It outlines how to identify relevant hygiene procedures, standards, and legislative requirements. This includes proper food receiving, storage, preparation, serving, and cleaning practices. Personal hygiene for food handlers is also covered, such as maintaining clean clothes and hands. The document emphasizes preventing cross-contamination and ensuring food safety. Assessment may involve questions, workplace observation, and reports from supervisors.
This document discusses parapsychology and extrasensory perception, including telepathy (reading minds), clairvoyance (knowing about things without being present), precognition (predicting the future), and psychokinesis (moving objects with the mind). It mentions J.B. Rhine's pioneering research at Duke University in the 1930s investigating PSI (extrasensory perception) and issues with replicating parapsychology experimental results.
The document provides information about preparing a business plan, including its purpose and components. A business plan outlines goals, objectives and strategies to achieve them. It includes details on the business concept, ownership, market analysis, operations, finances and projections. The business plan is a roadmap that guides business start-up, management, and obtains financing from investors or banks. It communicates the business idea and chances of success.
This document outlines a module on demonstrating work values. It includes 4 learning outcomes related to defining the purpose of work, applying work values and ethics, dealing with ethical problems, and maintaining integrity. It provides definitions of work ethics and values. It describes 7 steps for solving ethical problems at work and lists common work ethical standards. It emphasizes the importance of communicating ethical standards and reporting unethical conduct. It discusses demonstrating work commitment, understanding job requirements, increasing knowledge, and developing communication and interpersonal skills.
Local Anesthetic Use in the Vulnerable PatientsReza Aminnejad
油
Local anesthetics are a cornerstone of pain management, but their use requires special consideration in vulnerable groups such as pediatric, elderly, diabetic, or obese patients. In this presentation, well explore how factors like age and physiology influence local anesthetics' selection, dosing, and safety. By understanding these differences, we can optimize patient care and minimize risks.
Acute & Chronic Inflammation, Chemical mediators in Inflammation and Wound he...Ganapathi Vankudoth
油
A complete information of Inflammation, it includes types of Inflammation, purpose of Inflammation, pathogenesis of acute inflammation, chemical mediators in inflammation, types of chronic inflammation, wound healing and Inflammation in skin repair, phases of wound healing, factors influencing wound healing and types of wound healing.
Dr. Anik Roy Chowdhury
MBBS, BCS(Health), DA, MD (Resident)
Department of Anesthesiology, ICU & Pain Medicine
Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital (ShSMCH)
Unit 1: Introduction to Histological and Cytological techniques
Differentiate histology and cytology
Overview on tissue types
Function and components of the compound light microscope
Overview on common Histological Techniques:
o Fixation
o Grossing
o Tissue processing
o Microtomy
o Staining
o Mounting
Application of histology and cytology
This presentation provides a detailed exploration of the morphological and microscopic features of pneumonia, covering its histopathology, classification, and clinical significance. Designed for medical students, pathologists, and healthcare professionals, this lecture differentiates bacterial vs. viral pneumonia, explains lobar, bronchopneumonia, and interstitial pneumonia, and discusses diagnostic imaging patterns.
Key Topics Covered:
Normal lung histology vs. pneumonia-affected lung
Morphological changes in lobar, bronchopneumonia, and interstitial pneumonia
Microscopic features: Fibroblastic plugs, alveolar septal thickening, inflammatory cell infiltration
Stages of lobar pneumonia: Congestion, Red hepatization, Gray hepatization, Resolution
Common causative pathogens (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycoplasma, etc.)
Clinical case study with diagnostic approach and differentials
Who Should Watch?
This is an essential resource for medical students, pathology trainees, and respiratory health professionals looking to enhance their understanding of pneumonias morphological aspects.
1. Explain the physiological control of glomerular filtration and renal blood flow
2. Describe the humoral and autoregulatory feedback mechanisms that mediate the autoregulation of renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate
Here discussing various cases of Obstructive jaundice namely Choledocholithiassis, Biliary atresia, Carcinoma Pancreas, Periampullary Carcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma.
BIOMECHANICS OF THE MOVEMENT OF THE SHOULDER COMPLEX.pptxdrnidhimnd
油
The shoulder complex acts as in coordinated fashion to provide the smoothest and greatest range of motion possible of the upper limb.
Combined motion of GH and ST joint of shoulder complex helps in:
Distribution of motion between other two joints.
Maintenance of glenoid fossa in optimal position.
Maintenance of good length tension
Although some amount of glenohumeral motion may occur while the other shoulder articulations remain stabilized, movement of the humerus more commonly involves some movement at all three shoulder joints.
ECZEMA 3rd year notes with images .pptxAyesha Fatima
油
If its not Itch Its not Eczema
Eczema is a group of medical conditions which causes inflammation and irritation to skin.
It is also called as Dermatitis
Eczema is an itchy consisting of ill defined erythremotous patches. The skin surface is usually scaly and As time progress, constant scratching leads to thickened lichenified skin.
Several classifications of eczemas are available based on Etiology, Pattern and chronicity.
According to aetiology Eczema are classified as:
Endogenous eczema: Where constitutional factors predispose the patient to developing an eczema.
Family history (maternal h/o eczema) is often present
Strong genetic predisposition (Filaggrin gene mutations are often present).
Filaggrin is responsible for maintaining moisture in skin (hence all AD patients have dry skin.
Immunilogical factor-Th-2 disease, Type I hypersensitivity (hence serum IgE high)
e.g., Seborrheic dermatitis, Statis dermatitis, Nummular dermatitis, Dyshidrotic Eczema
Exogenous eczema: Where external stimuli trigger development of eczema,
e.g., Irritant dermatitis, Allergic Dermatitis, Neurodermatitis,
Combined eczema: When a combination of constitutional factors and extrinsic triggers are responsible for the development of eczema
e.g., Atopic dermatitis
Extremes of Temperature
Irritants : Soaps, Detergents, Shower gels, Bubble baths and water
Stress
Infection either bacterial or viral,
Bacterial infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species.
Viral infections such as Herpes Simplex, Molluscum Contagiosum
Contact allergens
Inhaled allergens
Airborne allergens
Allergens include
Metals eg. Nickle, Cobalt
Neomycin, Topical ointment
Fragrance ingredients such as Balsam of Peru
Rubber compounds
Hair dyes for example p-Phenylediamine
Plants eg. Poison ivy .
Atopic Dermatitis : AD is a chronic, pruritic inflammatory skin disease characterized by itchy inflamed skin.
Allergic Dermatitis: A red itchy weepy reaction where the skin has come in contact with a substance That immune system recognizes as foreign substances.
Ex: Poison envy, Preservatives from creams and lotions.
Contact Irritant Dermatitis: A Localized reaction that include redness, itching and burning where the skin has come In contact with an allergen or with irritant such as acid, cleaning agent or chemical.
Dyshidrotic Eczema: Irritation of skin on the palms and soles by
clear deep blisters that itch and burn.
Clinical Features; Acute Eczema:- Acute eczema is characterized by an erythematous and edematous plaque, which is ill-defined and is surmounted by papules, vesicles, pustules and exudate that dries to form crusts. A subsiding eczematous plaque may be covered with scales.
Chronic Eczema:- Chronic eczema is characterized by lichenification, which is a triad of hyperpigmentation, thickening markings. The lesions are less exudative and more scaly. Flexural lesions may develop fissures.
Pruritus
Characteristic Rash
Chronic or repeatedly occurring symptoms.
Op-eds and commentaries 101: U-M IHPI Elevating Impact seriesKara Gavin
油
A slide set about writing opinion and commentary pieces, created for the University of Michigan Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation in Jan. 2025
3. How Food Becomes Unsafe
How People Make Food Unsafe
Poor personal hygiene:
Transferring pathogens from your
body to food
Page 1-2
4. How Food Becomes Unsafe
How People Make Food Unsafe
Cross-contamination:
Transferring pathogens from one
surface or food to another
Page 1-2
5. How Food Becomes Unsafe
How People Make Food Unsafe
Time-temperature abuse:
Letting food stay too long at
temperatures that are good for
pathogen growth
Page 1-2
6. How People Make Food Unsafe
How People Make Food Unsafe
Poor cleaning and sanitizing:
Transferring pathogens from
incorrectly cleaned surfaces to
food
Page 1-2
7. Your Role in Keeping Food Safe
Control the Time and Temperature of
Food:
DONT let food stay too long at
temperatures that are good for
pathogen growth.
Page 1-3
8. Your Role in Keeping Food Safe
Prevent Cross-Contamination:
DONT transfer pathogens from one
food to another.
DONT transfer pathogens from one
surface to another.
Page 1-3
9. Your Role in Keeping Food Safe
How Is Cross-Contamination Being
Prevented in the Photo?
Ready-to-eat food is stored above
raw food.
Page 1-3
10. Your Role in Keeping Food Safe
Clean and Sanitize Surfaces Correctly:
Keep everything clean.
Clean and sanitize anything that
touches food.
Page 1-3
13. Preventing Food Allergen Contamination
Prevent Cross-Contact:
Clean and sanitize surfaces that have come in
contact with an allergen.
Inspect food packaging for leaks or spills that
can cause cross-contact.
Wash hands and change gloves after handling
allergens and before handling allergen-free
food.
Page 1-5
14. Preventing Food Allergen Contamination
Prevent Cross-Contact:
Store food with allergens separately from
allergen-free products.
DO NOT store food containing allergens above
allergen-free food.
Use dedicated pallets and bins for products
containing allergens.
Page 1-5
15. Preventing Food Allergen Contamination
Prevent Cross-Contact From Spilled
Food:
Immediately isolate spilled food containing an
allergen from other food products.
Inspect surrounding products for contact with
the spilled food.
Page 1-5
16. Prevent Cross-Contact From Spilled
Food:
Dispose of any open products in
contact with the spilled food.
The food may not need to be
discarded if in packaging that can be
safely cleaned and sanitized.
Clean and sanitize the area.
Page 1-5
Preventing Food Allergen Contamination
18. How and When To Wash Your Hands
How to Wash Your Hands:
Hands can transfer pathogens to food.
Handwashing is a critical step for
avoiding food contamination.
Page 2-1
19. How and When To Wash Your Hands
How to Wash Your Hands:
Handwashing should take about
20 seconds.
Page 2-1
20. How and When To Wash Your Hands
How to Wash Your Hands
1. Wet hands and arms
2. Apply soap
3. Scrub hands and arms vigorously
4. Rinse hands and arms thoroughly
5. Dry hands and arms
Page 2-1
21. When To Wash Your Hands
Page 2-2
Wash hands. . .
After using the restroom
After touching your face, hair, body or clothing
Before and after handling raw foods like meat or poultry
After taking out garbage
After sneezing, blowing your nose or using a tissue
After handling chemicals
After smoking, using e-cigs, chewing gum or using tobacco products
After eating or drinking
22. How and When To Wash Your Hands
Using Hand Antiseptics
If you use hand antiseptics:
NEVER use them instead of
handwashing.
Use an antiseptic after washing hands.
Wait for the antiseptic to dry before
touching food or equipment or putting
on gloves.
Follow manufacturers directions.
Page 2-4
23. Where To Wash Your Hands
Use a Handwashing Sink:
Wash your hands only in a
designated handwashing sink.
Page 2-5
24. Where To Wash Your Hands
Use a Handwashing Sink:
DO NOT use handwashing sinks for
other things.
o NEVER dump dirty water in
them.
o NEVER prep food in them.
o NEVER wash tools or equipment
in them.
X
Page 2-5
25. Where To Wash Your Hands
Where to Wash Your Hands:
Make sure handwashing sinks are
easy to get to and are not blocked.
NEVER stack food, equipment,
or supplies in them or in front of
them.
X
Page 2-5
26. Where To Wash Your Hands
Stocking The Handwashing Sink:
A stocked sink should have
Hot and cold running water
Liquid soap
Single-use paper towels or hand dryer
Garbage container
If these items arent stocked, tell your director
or supervisor
Page 2-5
27. Other Important Practices
Eating, Drinking, Smoking, and Chewing
Gum, Tobacco or E-Cigarettes:
NEVER do these things in the
following areas
In food-handling areas
In food storage areas
Only do these things in designated areas
X
Page 2-9
28. Glove Use
Single-use Gloves:
Employees are required to wear single-use gloves to
cover:
An impermeable cover (bandage) on a cut, burn, or rash;
False fingernails or un-cleanable fingernails;
Rings other than a plain ring or wedding band; or
An orthopedic support device, such as a cast, brace, or ace
bandage.
A food facility employee is required to change gloves if it is worn
out and whenever hand washing is required. Single-use gloves
shall not be washed.
Single-use gloves shall be used for only one task, and no other
purpose. Gloves shall be thrown away when damaged, soiled, or
when interruptions in the food handling occur.
30. Controlling Time and Temperature During
Receiving
What Is Important About This
Temperature Range?
This is the Temperature Danger
Zone.
Pathogens on food can grow in this
range and cause a foodborne illness.
Page 3-1
31. Controlling Time and Temperature During
Receiving
The Temperature Danger Zone:
Food temperatures must be
controlled
From pick-up from the donor or food
bank to handoff to client
Includes time food spends in the
warehouse, on the truck, and at
the agency
Page 3-1
32. Inspecting Food During Receiving To Make Sure It
Is Safe
What Should You Look for When Inspecting a
Delivery Vehicle Before Unloading It?
Overall condition of the vehicle
Condition of the product
Signs of pests in the vehicle
Door locks and seals are functioning
Correct truck temperature
Page 3-3
33. Storing Food Safely
General Storage Guidelines:
Store refrigerated food at 41属F (5属C)
or lower
This includes cut produce
Keep frozen food frozen solid.
The recommended temperature is
0属F (-18属C) or lower.
Page 3-5
34. Temperature Logs
Keep temperature logs in a visible
location.
For example, on your refrigerator.
Temperature logs are the first food
safety documents the Department
of Environmental Health requests
during an inspection.
35. Storing Food Safely
General Storage Guidelines:
Store food only in designated
food storage areas.
Store food six inches off the ground
or on a pallet
Store food away from walls
Store ready-to-eat food above
uncooked food
Page 3-5
36. Keeping Food Safe
Storing cleaning products and
chemicals
Label cleaning products
Keep AWAY from food areas
Store in designated area for cleaning
products and chemicals
Bleach, paint, etc. should not be stored in
the same area food is stored
37. Storing Food Safely
Sell-By Date (Example: Sell by January 1, 2012.
Also called Pull Date)
Look for it on: Refrigerated foods such as milk, yogurt,
cottage cheese, eggs, lunch meat, packaged salad mixes.
What it means: The store mush sell these foods before
the code date and often donates these foods when they
are close to date. If the food has been handled properly
it is safe to eat and the quality is good. Food Bank staff
monitors this food to ensure that the quality remains
good.
Page 3-6
38. Storing Food Safely
Packing or Manufacturing Date:
Used by manufacturers for tracking
and recalls
Not an expiration date
Look for it on: Canned food, crackers,
cookies, spices.
What it means: The day the food was
packaged.
Page 3-6
39. Storing Food Safely
Best-By or Best if Used By Date:
This is a quality date.
It tells clients the date by which the
product should be eaten for best
flavor or quality.
The product is still safe to eat past
this date after the quality date,
however, the quality slowly begins to
lose nutrients and the quality begins
to lessen.
Page 3-7
40. Storing Food Safely
Use-By Date:
This is the last date recommended
for the product while at peak quality.
The product is still safe to eat past
this date.
Look for it on: crackers, cookies, cold
cereals, and other dry, shelf stable food.
Page 3-7
41. Storing Food Safely
Expiration Date (Example: Expires 11/15/15
or Do not use after 11/15/15)
Look for it on: Baby formula and formula,
medicines, vitamins, yeast, baking powder.
What it means: Do not distribute infant
formula, baby food, vitamins, or medicines
after the expiration date!
Yeast and baking powder do not work as well
after expiration but are safe to eat.
42. Storing Food Safely
Rotating Food Using FEFO:
Follow the first-expired, first-out (FEFO)
method if the food has a use-by or
expiration date.
Check the use-by or expiration date.
Store food that will expire first in front of items that
will expire later.
Use the food stored in front first.
Page 3-8
44. Evaluating The Condition Of Food
Discard Cans if They Have These Problems:
Severe dent in can seams
Crushed cans that are not stackable
Deep dents in body of can
Missing labels
Unreadable labels
Swollen or bulging ends
Rust that will not wipe off
Holes or leaking
Page 4-1
45. Whats Wrong With the Jar or Bottle?
Discard jars and bottles with these problems
Dented lids
Swollen lids
Rusted lids
Loose lids
Seals missing or broken
Missing or unreadable label
Leakage
Jars that are chipped or broken
Signs of dirt, mold or foreign objects
Food with an off appearance
Evaluating The Condition Of Food
Dented lid
Page 4-2
46. Whats Wrong With the Package of Dry Food?
Discard commercially packaged dry food with these
problems.
Unlabeled or not correctly labeled
Unreadable label
No code dates
Signs of pests (gnaw marks, droppings, insects)
Wet, damaged or stained
Open packaging
Evaluating The Condition Of Food
Unlabeled
Page 4-3
47. Loading and Distributing Food Safely
Prepare Delivery Vehicles to Protect Food
From Contamination:
Clean inside of vehicles at least once
per week or as often as necessary
Make sure vehicles are pest-free
Never deliver food in vehicles used to
haul garbage
Page 4-8
48. Loading and Distributing Food Safely
Prepare Delivery Vehicles to Protect Food
From Contamination:
DO NOT bring pets when delivering food
Keep items that could contaminate food
separate from the delivery
Oil, antifreeze, wiper fluid
Lock and seal delivery vehicles when they
are not being loaded or unloaded
Page 4-8
49. Loading and Distributing Food Safely
When Loading and Transporting
Food:
Keep refrigerated food at 41属F (5属C) or
lower during transport.
If possible, keep frozen food at temperatures
that will keep it frozen.
Keep food cold in unrefrigerated vehicles.
Always cover refrigerated and frozen food
with thermal blankets.
Or place it in coolers with ice packs.
Load refrigerated and frozen food so air can
circulate around it.
Page 4-10
51. How And When To Clean And Sanitize
Cleaning Vs. Sanitizing
Cleaning removes food and other
dirt from a surface
Sanitizing reduces pathogens on a
surface to safe levels
Page 5-1
52. How and When To Clean And Sanitize
Cleaning and Sanitizing Surfaces:
All surfaces must be cleaned and
rinsed.
Walls and floors
Storage shelves
Garbage containers
Page 5-1
53. How and When To Clean And Sanitize
Cleaning and Sanitizing Surfaces:
Any surface that touches food must
be cleaned and sanitized.
Plastic food bins
Scales
Prep tables in clean rooms
Sorting tables
Scoops
Page 5-1
54. Allowed to stack up
Handling Garbage
Whats Wrong With the Way This Garbage
was Handled?
Remove garbage as quickly as possible.
Be careful not to contaminate food or
surfaces when removing garbage.
Clean the inside and outside of garbage
containers often.
DO NOT clean garbage containers in clean
rooms or food-storage areas.
Close the lids on outdoor containers.
Keep indoor containers covered when they
are not in use.
Page 5-8
55. The End!
This content is from Feeding Americas ServSafe for Food Banks
Questions? Let us know!
Yesenia (yvasquez@lafoodbank.org)
Dora (dchow@lafoodbank.org)