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240205_RECC_Indonesia_IREK_II_Hertwich.pptx

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Edgar Hertwich
Edgar Hertwich

Opportunities for material efficiency and green building material choice in the construction of residential buildings in Indonesia. Outcome of a two-year project funded by the German government through the Gesellschaft f端r Internationale Zusammenarbeit. Presentation given to the closing seminar of the project on 5.Feb.2024 in Jakarta. Material savings and low-carbon construction materials can lead to substantial reduction of #GHG emissions. Stakeholder dialogue was conducted to identifies opportunities, assess barriers, and derive policy recommendations.

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Material Efficiency for a Low-Carbon Future in Residential Construction in Indonesia Edgar Hertwich, Fabio Carrer, Sara Amini Norwegian University of Science and Technology Ian Hamilton, Harshavardhan Jatkar University College London Agus Sari Landscape Indonesia Anindya Wulandari GIZ IREK II meeting Jakarta 05 February 2024
240205_RECC_Indonesia_IREK_II_Hertwich.pptx
What about the residential building sector in Indonesia? 2020 46Mt Material production C02 emissions 2020 323Mt Material production Materials For domestic consumption only Yet, exports generate much more (80% of cement is exported)
What about the residential building sector in Indonesia? 2020 46Mt Material production C02 emissions 2020 323Mt Material production Materials From 2020 to 2050 x2 For domestic consumption only m2 of houses Convergence of living standards Yet, exports generate much more (80% of cement is exported) Population is increasing and urbanising
What about the residential building sector in Indonesia? 2020 46Mt Material production C02 emissions 2020 323Mt Material production Materials From 2020 to 2050 x2 For domestic consumption only m2 of houses Between 2035 -2040 C&D waste will double up Construction and demolition waste Convergence of living standards Yet, exports generate much more (80% of cement is exported) Population is increasing and urbanising Only 15% recycled
Using less material by design Enhanced end-of-life recovery More intensive use of building space Scrap diversion Product lifetime extension Re-use of components Efficiency opportunities across the entire value chain Fabrication yield improvements Material substitution
Using less material by design Enhanced end-of-life recovery More intensive use of building space Scrap diversion Product lifetime extension Re-use of components Efficiency opportunities across the entire value chain Analysis of the material flows between industries How the design of products can change How much the user behaviour impacts Fabrication yield improvements Material substitution
RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENT MODELLING Observations and literature data collection Archetypes modelling
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Steel Cement Wood Concrete Bricks Other RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENT MODELLING Observations and literature data collection Archetypes modelling Kg/m2 Material intensity Mixed use residential/commercial ME design Single Family House Multi purpose Buildings Luxury houses Informal houses ME ME ME 11% of the stock Already bamboo/wood rich, but discouraged due to fire hazard
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 GHG EMISSION SAVINGS POTENTIAL Mt CO2 Cumulative GHG emissions 2020-2060 related to material cycle 2891Mt Projected 495 Mt Primary steel 2449 Mt Cement and Bricks
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 GHG EMISSION SAVINGS POTENTIAL Mt CO2 Cumulative GHG emissions 2020-2060 related to material cycle 2891Mt 2256 Mt Projected Material efficiency 495 Mt Primary steel 2449 Mt Cement and Bricks -627 Mt Cement and Bricks +263 Mt Wood -63 Mt Primary Steel -132Mt CO2(*) -532Mt CO2 (*) (*) Current emission factor -482 Mt CO2 uptake
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 GHG EMISSION SAVINGS POTENTIAL Mt CO2 Cumulative GHG emissions 2020-2060 related to material cycle 2891Mt 2256 Mt 1752 Mt Projected Material efficiency Decarbonisation of material production 40% of materials life cycle emissions 495 Mt Primary steel 2449 Mt Cement and Bricks -627 Mt Cement and Bricks +263 Mt Wood -63 Mt Primary Steel -132Mt CO2(*) -532Mt CO2 (*) (*) Current emission factor -482 Mt CO2 uptake
Research process guiding the project Online Participatory Systems Mapping Workshop In-person Priority Action Mapping Workshop Online Review Identify sector dynamics Identify barriers & opportunities Estimate timeframe Identify solutions for acceleration Identify dissemination strategy
Online Introduction meeting 16th November 2022 1st Online workshop 15th of December 2022 2nd In-person workshop in Jakarta 8th of March 2023 The project was strongly supported by GIZ, GIZ office in Indonesia, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry of Indonesia and UNEP RO. Broad and comprehensive national stakeholders consultations were organized within the project - more than 35 participants from relevant ministries, private sectors, researchers and civil society organizations. Indonesia
Sector dynamics maps Existing and potential linkages between various stakeholders in the constructions industry Existing policy instruments Key opportunities and barriers in each country
Example of a priority action framework GOAL 1: USE LOW-CARBON MATERIALS Stakeholders A: National, Subnational and Local Governments Specific opportunities, barriers and solutions identified for priority actions for each stakeholder Barriers Database of green products is not yet available Product advertising is lacking Green labelling/standard is not yet available for all sustainable materials State-led projects are currently underutilised for demonstrating the potentials of net-zero transitions Solutions Develop a national Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) for construction materials Make local material use mandatory. Improve green building standards. Develop carbon footprint standards. Enforce legal requirements for carbon reduction commitment. Collect data related to low-carbon materials Embed the development of environmentally friendly housing in all new projects Opportunities Incentives for renewable energy/local material are available New Capital City is available as a pilot project Environmental-friendly housing is being developed in the New Capital City as a pilot project Priority Actions 1.1. Provide incentives for high material efficiency 1.2. Make commitments to lowering embodied carbon emissions of materials 1.4. Raise awareness of benefits of low embodied carbon construction
Priority Actions < 5 years 5 - 20 years GOAL 1: USE LOW-CARBON MATERIALS G.1.1. Provide incentives for high material efficiency G.1.2. Make commitments to lowering embodied carbon emissions of materials Achieve Key Performance Indicators (KPI) for smart city development by 2045. Mandatory data collection and reporting on low- carbon materials Provide financial support. Provide technical support for policy & standards development. Research on low-carbon materials (type, use, and model project) Research on low-carbon materials (type, use, and model project) Facilitate the sector in reducing embodied carbon content of materials. Generate more accurate data. Tentative timeframes and actions to accelerate the process identified for priority actions Example of a roadmap
1. Provide incentives for high material efficiency 2. Make commitments to lowering embodied carbon emissions of materials 3. Promote low embodied carbon emissions through public procurement and pilots 4. Raise awareness of benefits of low embodied carbon construction 1. Boost capacity of designers 2. Adopt design policies to promote long building lifespans 3. Make high quality and improved decarbonisation methods available 4. Build regulations for disaster and hazard resilient constructions 5. Optimise construction techniques 1. Accelerate multiple pathways to decarbonisation in the cement sector 2. Reduce the carbon footprint of the steel- making sector 3. Invest in the radical transformation of building material processing (e.g., aluminium) and minimize downcycling 4. Promote the adoption of bio-based materials 1. Boost capacity of manufacturers 2. Increase investment in innovation and R&D 3. Promote fuel switching and higher efficiencies in manufacturing of construction materials 4. Have clear policies on material decarbonisation 1. Incentivise renovation and repurposing of buildings to expand lifetime 2. Reuse and recycle building waste at the end of buildings lifetimes 3. Improve deconstruction processes to enable reuse and repurposing 4. Target economic incentives to increase overall recycling volumes GOAL 1: USE LOW-CARBON MATERIALS GOAL 2: USE LESS MATERIAL BY DESIGN GOAL 3: MATERIAL DECARBONISATION AND SUBSTITUTION GOAL 4: DECARBONISATION OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES GOAL 5: REDUCE WASTE AND INCREASE REUSE AND RECYCLING Goals and actions to achieve a low carbon future
Contextualised policy recommendations for each country ARGENTINA MEXICO INDONESIA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Update norms for different climatic conditions within the country Collect and maintain accurate data State to provide technical and financial support State, academia, and professional organisations to provide training Secure investments in R&D Generate institutional and political agreements Incorporate building deconstruction into policy frameworks Take advantage of the growing sustainable construction market momentum to generate monetary and non-monetary incentives Collect and maintain accurate data Gradually increase the number of subnational and local construction laws and regulations Link the current public mechanisms with the building certification systems to generate compliance Support subnational initiatives related to the circular economy Leverage the public and private financial mechanisms Incorporate building deconstruction into policy frameworks Leverage on investments in the Capital City project Collect and maintain accurate data State to provide technical and financial support The state and academia to provide training State to invest in R&D Increase stakeholder consultations Incorporate building deconstruction into policy frameworks
Ak Edgar Hertwich Professor at NTNU edgar.hertwich@ntnu.no Harshavardhan Jatkar Assistant Professor at University College London h.jatkar@ucl.ac.uk Thank you! Acknowledgments: This work was funded by GIZ and additional support from the UKRI funded GNCA Project (NE/T001887/1) IREK II meeting Jakarta 05 February 2024

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240205_RECC_Indonesia_IREK_II_Hertwich.pptx

  • 1. Material Efficiency for a Low-Carbon Future in Residential Construction in Indonesia Edgar Hertwich, Fabio Carrer, Sara Amini Norwegian University of Science and Technology Ian Hamilton, Harshavardhan Jatkar University College London Agus Sari Landscape Indonesia Anindya Wulandari GIZ IREK II meeting Jakarta 05 February 2024
  • 3. What about the residential building sector in Indonesia? 2020 46Mt Material production C02 emissions 2020 323Mt Material production Materials For domestic consumption only Yet, exports generate much more (80% of cement is exported)
  • 4. What about the residential building sector in Indonesia? 2020 46Mt Material production C02 emissions 2020 323Mt Material production Materials From 2020 to 2050 x2 For domestic consumption only m2 of houses Convergence of living standards Yet, exports generate much more (80% of cement is exported) Population is increasing and urbanising
  • 5. What about the residential building sector in Indonesia? 2020 46Mt Material production C02 emissions 2020 323Mt Material production Materials From 2020 to 2050 x2 For domestic consumption only m2 of houses Between 2035 -2040 C&D waste will double up Construction and demolition waste Convergence of living standards Yet, exports generate much more (80% of cement is exported) Population is increasing and urbanising Only 15% recycled
  • 6. Using less material by design Enhanced end-of-life recovery More intensive use of building space Scrap diversion Product lifetime extension Re-use of components Efficiency opportunities across the entire value chain Fabrication yield improvements Material substitution
  • 7. Using less material by design Enhanced end-of-life recovery More intensive use of building space Scrap diversion Product lifetime extension Re-use of components Efficiency opportunities across the entire value chain Analysis of the material flows between industries How the design of products can change How much the user behaviour impacts Fabrication yield improvements Material substitution
  • 8. RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENT MODELLING Observations and literature data collection Archetypes modelling
  • 9. 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Steel Cement Wood Concrete Bricks Other RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENT MODELLING Observations and literature data collection Archetypes modelling Kg/m2 Material intensity Mixed use residential/commercial ME design Single Family House Multi purpose Buildings Luxury houses Informal houses ME ME ME 11% of the stock Already bamboo/wood rich, but discouraged due to fire hazard
  • 10. 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 GHG EMISSION SAVINGS POTENTIAL Mt CO2 Cumulative GHG emissions 2020-2060 related to material cycle 2891Mt Projected 495 Mt Primary steel 2449 Mt Cement and Bricks
  • 11. 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 GHG EMISSION SAVINGS POTENTIAL Mt CO2 Cumulative GHG emissions 2020-2060 related to material cycle 2891Mt 2256 Mt Projected Material efficiency 495 Mt Primary steel 2449 Mt Cement and Bricks -627 Mt Cement and Bricks +263 Mt Wood -63 Mt Primary Steel -132Mt CO2(*) -532Mt CO2 (*) (*) Current emission factor -482 Mt CO2 uptake
  • 12. 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 GHG EMISSION SAVINGS POTENTIAL Mt CO2 Cumulative GHG emissions 2020-2060 related to material cycle 2891Mt 2256 Mt 1752 Mt Projected Material efficiency Decarbonisation of material production 40% of materials life cycle emissions 495 Mt Primary steel 2449 Mt Cement and Bricks -627 Mt Cement and Bricks +263 Mt Wood -63 Mt Primary Steel -132Mt CO2(*) -532Mt CO2 (*) (*) Current emission factor -482 Mt CO2 uptake
  • 13. Research process guiding the project Online Participatory Systems Mapping Workshop In-person Priority Action Mapping Workshop Online Review Identify sector dynamics Identify barriers & opportunities Estimate timeframe Identify solutions for acceleration Identify dissemination strategy
  • 14. Online Introduction meeting 16th November 2022 1st Online workshop 15th of December 2022 2nd In-person workshop in Jakarta 8th of March 2023 The project was strongly supported by GIZ, GIZ office in Indonesia, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry of Indonesia and UNEP RO. Broad and comprehensive national stakeholders consultations were organized within the project - more than 35 participants from relevant ministries, private sectors, researchers and civil society organizations. Indonesia
  • 15. Sector dynamics maps Existing and potential linkages between various stakeholders in the constructions industry Existing policy instruments Key opportunities and barriers in each country
  • 16. Example of a priority action framework GOAL 1: USE LOW-CARBON MATERIALS Stakeholders A: National, Subnational and Local Governments Specific opportunities, barriers and solutions identified for priority actions for each stakeholder Barriers Database of green products is not yet available Product advertising is lacking Green labelling/standard is not yet available for all sustainable materials State-led projects are currently underutilised for demonstrating the potentials of net-zero transitions Solutions Develop a national Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) for construction materials Make local material use mandatory. Improve green building standards. Develop carbon footprint standards. Enforce legal requirements for carbon reduction commitment. Collect data related to low-carbon materials Embed the development of environmentally friendly housing in all new projects Opportunities Incentives for renewable energy/local material are available New Capital City is available as a pilot project Environmental-friendly housing is being developed in the New Capital City as a pilot project Priority Actions 1.1. Provide incentives for high material efficiency 1.2. Make commitments to lowering embodied carbon emissions of materials 1.4. Raise awareness of benefits of low embodied carbon construction
  • 17. Priority Actions < 5 years 5 - 20 years GOAL 1: USE LOW-CARBON MATERIALS G.1.1. Provide incentives for high material efficiency G.1.2. Make commitments to lowering embodied carbon emissions of materials Achieve Key Performance Indicators (KPI) for smart city development by 2045. Mandatory data collection and reporting on low- carbon materials Provide financial support. Provide technical support for policy & standards development. Research on low-carbon materials (type, use, and model project) Research on low-carbon materials (type, use, and model project) Facilitate the sector in reducing embodied carbon content of materials. Generate more accurate data. Tentative timeframes and actions to accelerate the process identified for priority actions Example of a roadmap
  • 18. 1. Provide incentives for high material efficiency 2. Make commitments to lowering embodied carbon emissions of materials 3. Promote low embodied carbon emissions through public procurement and pilots 4. Raise awareness of benefits of low embodied carbon construction 1. Boost capacity of designers 2. Adopt design policies to promote long building lifespans 3. Make high quality and improved decarbonisation methods available 4. Build regulations for disaster and hazard resilient constructions 5. Optimise construction techniques 1. Accelerate multiple pathways to decarbonisation in the cement sector 2. Reduce the carbon footprint of the steel- making sector 3. Invest in the radical transformation of building material processing (e.g., aluminium) and minimize downcycling 4. Promote the adoption of bio-based materials 1. Boost capacity of manufacturers 2. Increase investment in innovation and R&D 3. Promote fuel switching and higher efficiencies in manufacturing of construction materials 4. Have clear policies on material decarbonisation 1. Incentivise renovation and repurposing of buildings to expand lifetime 2. Reuse and recycle building waste at the end of buildings lifetimes 3. Improve deconstruction processes to enable reuse and repurposing 4. Target economic incentives to increase overall recycling volumes GOAL 1: USE LOW-CARBON MATERIALS GOAL 2: USE LESS MATERIAL BY DESIGN GOAL 3: MATERIAL DECARBONISATION AND SUBSTITUTION GOAL 4: DECARBONISATION OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES GOAL 5: REDUCE WASTE AND INCREASE REUSE AND RECYCLING Goals and actions to achieve a low carbon future
  • 19. Contextualised policy recommendations for each country ARGENTINA MEXICO INDONESIA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Update norms for different climatic conditions within the country Collect and maintain accurate data State to provide technical and financial support State, academia, and professional organisations to provide training Secure investments in R&D Generate institutional and political agreements Incorporate building deconstruction into policy frameworks Take advantage of the growing sustainable construction market momentum to generate monetary and non-monetary incentives Collect and maintain accurate data Gradually increase the number of subnational and local construction laws and regulations Link the current public mechanisms with the building certification systems to generate compliance Support subnational initiatives related to the circular economy Leverage the public and private financial mechanisms Incorporate building deconstruction into policy frameworks Leverage on investments in the Capital City project Collect and maintain accurate data State to provide technical and financial support The state and academia to provide training State to invest in R&D Increase stakeholder consultations Incorporate building deconstruction into policy frameworks
  • 20. Ak Edgar Hertwich Professor at NTNU edgar.hertwich@ntnu.no Harshavardhan Jatkar Assistant Professor at University College London h.jatkar@ucl.ac.uk Thank you! Acknowledgments: This work was funded by GIZ and additional support from the UKRI funded GNCA Project (NE/T001887/1) IREK II meeting Jakarta 05 February 2024