2553 ???????????? ?????1?
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This document contains information about various topics including: 1. Photosynthesis rates and the effects of varying CO2 levels on different plants. 2. The effects of salt and glucose on plant growth. 3. Principles of genetics including Mendelian inheritance and probability. 4. Calculations related to net primary productivity and energy flow in ecosystems.
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2553 ???????????? ?????1?
- 1. 2553 1 9 2552 8.30 ¨C11.00 . ...¡¡¡¡¡...................... ......¡¡¡¡¡¡¡.................. .........¡.¡..¡¡..¡........ ...................¡¡¡................... ...............¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡........................ 1. 10 9 2. 3.
- 2. - 1 2 .................................................................. .............................. .................... 1 (6 ) CO2 ( ) ( ) A, B C 1.1 CO2 compensation point ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡. ( ) 1.2 CO2 saturation point ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡. ( ) 1.3 C CO2 100 ppm C CO2 10 ?mol m-2 s-1 C CO2 ............................... ?mol m-2 s-1 1.4 50 ?mol photon m-2 s-1 CO2 5 ?mol m-2 s-1 CO2 ......................................................... ?mol m-2 s-1 1.5 A photorespiration ..................................................... ?mol CO2 m-2 s-1 1.6 CO2 320 ppm C photorespiration 30 ?mol CO2 m-2 s-1 CO2 640 ?mol CO2 m-2 s-1 C photorespiration .............................................................. ?mol CO2 m-2 s-1 2. (4 ) A B A B A B NaCl 100 mMGlucose 100 mM A B 2.1 A B B A A B B A (2 ) ........................... ............................................................... 2.2 2.1 (2 ) ...................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................
- 3. - 1 3 .................................................................. .............................. .................... 3. (10 ) 2 AaBb x AaBb 9 5 aabb 2 . 1 2 . AABB 4 (4 x 2) + 2 = 10 . 1/16 1 Aa x Aa 1/4 AA 2/4 Aa 1/4 aa 2 1 0 ( .) 6 4 2 1/4 2/4 1/4 2 AaBb x AaBb 1/16 AABB 2/16 AABb 1/16 AAbb 2/16 Aabb 1/16aabb 2/16 AaBB 1/16 aaBB 2/16 aaBb 4/16 AaBb 4 3 2 1 0 ( .) 10 8 6 4 2 1/16 4/16 6/16 4/16 1/16 3 AaBbCc x AaBbCc 3.1-3.3 3.1 AaBbCc x AaBbCc ...................... ......................................................................................................... (3 ) 3.2 3 . ..........................................(1 ) 3.3 10 . ( ) ......................... (2 ) n n 2 3.4-3.5 3.4 ...................................................(2 ) 3.5 ................. . ............................. (2 )
- 4. - 1 4 .................................................................. .............................. .................... 4. (10 ) 16000 kcal/ / (NPP) 60% 4.1 10% 1 X 3 (5 ) X 128,000 kcal/ 4.2 1 (3 ) = 1000 kcal 4.3 X Y X Y (x100 ) ) Y ............................................................... ( ) ) 2 .................................................... (3 ) ( ) ( ) 10 X 80 X 40 5 YY
- 5. - 1 5 .................................................................. .............................. .................... 5. (5 ) 5 (A ¨CE) (posterior)(anterior) 5.1. .............................. 5.2. ......................................................................................................................... 5.3 5.5 5.3. 5.2 . - 1 . 4 . 2 3 . 3 . 1 5.4. . 1 2 3 . 2 3 4 . 3 4 . 1 3 4 . 2 4 5.5. 4 . 1 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 5.3 ........................... 5.4 ........................... 5.5 ........................... 6. (5 ) 5 (A ¨CE) 6.1 ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡... 6.2 2 ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡.. 6.3 ........................................... 6.4 3 4 ........................................................................ ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
- 6. - 1 6 .................................................................. .............................. .................... 7. (12 ) 1 1 (o C) ( mol/g) 12 23 120 0 9 780 -15 -4 2800 -2 12 1600 4 20 650 T = Kf m T = (o C) Kf = o C.mol-1 kg-1 m = mol/kg ) -20 o C 50% Kf = 1.86 o C.mol-1 kg-1 MW = 92 )
- 7. - 1 7 .................................................................. .............................. .................... ) ( ) ( MW = 180) 8. (8 ) (Pt) Pt Pt 3 (1) (sphere) r (2) (cubic) 2r (3) (cylinder) r 2r ( ) Pt Pt r 2r 2r 2r r 2r
- 8. - 1 8 .................................................................. .............................. .................... 9. (11 ) 4 cm 25 cm HCl 6.0 M 100 mL 45o C NaHCO3 42 g h1 cm h2 cm H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, Na = 23, Cl = 35.5 = = 1 g/cm3 ) ) pH )
- 9. - 1 9 .................................................................. .............................. .................... 10. (9 ) transesterification (X) ( Y) (Z) ) ( ) OCH CH2 CH2 O C O O O C C O R R R ++ NaOH Triglyceride X Y Z ) ) ) ) ) ) ) R1 C O OR2 H2O R1 C O OH R2 OH+ + *