Australia is the world's smallest continent and largest island. It is a federal parliamentary democracy located in the Southern Hemisphere between the Indian and Pacific oceans. The east coast of Australia was first colonized by the British in 1770, and it became a federation of British colonies in 1901. Australia has a diverse landscape that includes deserts, tropical and temperate forests, and the Great Dividing Range along the eastern coast. Its unique wildlife includes marsupials like kangaroos as well as monotremes like platypuses, which are not found anywhere else.