2nd Stakeholder Meeting Lao
- 1. 1 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting New Modern Energy CONsumers in the Greater Mekong Subregion Funded by UK Research Councils Energy Program, the department for International Development (DFID) and the Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC), and managed by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) 2nd Stakeholder meeting, FE/NUOL, Vientiane, Lao PDR 25 犧犧 犧犧犧 2015 犧犧迦犧о佐 犹犧犧迦紺犧犧о魂犧÷犧伍 犧÷犹 犧迦犹 犧犧迦犹犧犧伍 犹犧犹 犧犧犹犧犧犧伍 犧 犹犧 犧犧 犧о犧犧犧 犧∇ 犹犧 犧犧犧 犧ム魂犧 犧犧迦昏犧萎犹犧 犹犧犧: 犧犧. 犧犧 犧犧犧萎犧ム 犧о沙 犧犧犧 犧 犧犧迦犧о佐 犧犧 犧о佐 犧犧萎婚犧萎犧迦犧 犧犧犧 犧 犧犧萎犧萎婚犧 犧犧萎婚犧萎犧迦昏犧迦 犧÷紺犧犧迦婚犧 犧犧萎犧迦犧ム犧犹 犧犧犧迦, 犧. 犧. 犧. 犧ム魂犧
- 2. 犧犧迦坤犧萎犧迦 2 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting New Modern Energy CONsumers in the Greater Mekong Subregion 1 犧犧迦犹犧犧伍 犧犧犧萎犧犧犧犧迦犹犧犧犧 犧о犧犧犧 2 犧犧о魂犧÷犧伍 犧犧犧犧迦犧犧迦犧犧伍 犧迦犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦犹犧犧犧 犧о犧犧犧 犹犧犧犧 2030 3 犧犧迦犧о佐 犹犧犧迦紺犧犧о魂犧÷犧÷犹 犧迦犧犧犧犧迦犹犧犧伍 犧犧犧萎犧犧犧犧萎頃犧 犧 犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦 4 犧犧迦犧犧萎昆犧
- 3. 犧犧萎犧迦犧犧萎犧迦犧犧 犹犧ム紺 GDP 犧∇ 犹犧 犧ム魂犧 3 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting New Modern Energy CONsumers in the Greater Mekong Subregion 2013: 6.77 犧ム左犹 犧迦 犧犧 犧 2030: 9.33 犧ム左犹 犧迦 犧犧 犧 犧犧 犧犧犧迦犧迦犹犧犧朽 犧÷犧伍 犧 犧犹 犧犧 : 1.9% 37.81% 犧犧犧犧犧迦犧о犧犧萎犧犧犹犧犧犧 2030 犧犧犧犧о 犧 2013 犧犧迦犧о犧犧萎犧迦犧犧 MECON 犧犧о此犹犧犧 犧 犧犧萎此犧迦 38% in 2013 and 47% in 2030 犧犧犧犧犧迦犧о犧犧萎犧迦犧犧犧犧 犧犹犧 犧
- 4. 犧犧萎犧迦犧犧萎犧迦犧犧 犹犧ム紺 GDP 犧∇ 犹犧犧ム魂犧 4 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting New Modern Energy CONsumers in the Greater Mekong Subregion 犧犧 犧犧犧迦犧迦犹犧犧朽 犧÷犧伍 犧犧犧犧 GDP 7 to 8%. GDP 犧犹 犧犧 犧о犧 犧犹犧犧伍 犹犧犧 犧 US$ 1128 in 2010 (current market price) and US$ 2,292 (2005PPP) 犹犧犹 犧о 犧 GDP 犧犧 犧犧犧о此犧犧 犧犧犧迦昏犹 犧о犧犧迦犧犧犹犧犧犧 犧犧犧迦犧萎犹犧犧ム魂犧犹犧犧伍 犧犧 犧犧犹 犧 (31% in 2010) 1993-2010 犧犧萎犧犧犹犧犧伍 犹犧犧 犧犧о 犧 犧ム魂犧犹犧犧伍 犧犧犧犧犧萎犧犧犧ム魂犧о犧犧伍 犹犧ム叉犹 犧÷犹 犧準犧犧迦 犧犧迦犧犧萎昏犧 犧犧 犧÷魂犧犹 犧犧迦犧犧ム佐 犧犧迦 犹犧ム紺 犧犧犧犧萎昆犧萎犧 55.02 30.81 19.02 27.35 25.96 41.83 - 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 Contribution Shares in GDP Agriculture Industry Services 2,292 1,128 - 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 GDP, US$/capita GDP (PPP2005) Market price
- 5. 犧犧迦犧犧迦犧犧犧犧朽 犹犧犧 犧犹犧犧伍 犧犧迦犹犧犧伍 犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦犧犧犧犧伍 犧 5 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting New Modern Energy CONsumers in the Greater Mekong Subregion 犧ム艮 犧犧犧萎犧迦犹犧犧伍 犧о魂犧犧犧萎犧犧犧迦犹犧犧伍 犧犧萎犧迦犧 犧犹犧犧伍 犧÷叉 犹犧犧犧伍 犧迦犧犧伍 85% 犧犧死 犧 犧犧萎犧犧 => 犧犧萎犧迦犧 犧犧犧迦此犧迦犧犧迦犧犧伍 犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦犧犧迦犧犧伍 犧 犹犧犧 犧犹犧犧伍 犧÷叉 犧犧迦 犧犧 犧÷犧犧伍 犹犧犹 犧犧犹犧犧伍 犹犧犧犧伍 犧迦昆犧迦犧犧伍 犧 犧犧萎犧迦犧 犧犧÷叉 犧犧о魂犧÷犧犧 犧犧∇ 犧犧朽 犧犧 犧犧伍 犧, 犹犧犧 犧迦犧犧死左犹 犧迦頃犧迦犧÷叉 犹犧犹 犧犧犧犧迦犧о 犧犧萎犧о犹犧犧犧迦犧犧迦坤犧 犧犧犧 犧о佐 犧犧犹 犧÷梱犧 犧 =>犧犧伍 犧ム沙 犧, 犧犧 犧犧犧 犧犹犧犹 犧犧, 犹犧犹 犧犧 犧犧 犧犧犧迦犧迦, 犹犧ム 犧犧迦犧犧 犧о犧犧 犧犧犹 犧÷犧朽 犹犧犧伍 犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦犹犧犧犧迦犹犧犹 犧犧∇ 犧犧 犧о犧 犧犧犧迦
- 6. 犧犧迦犧犧迦犧犧犧犧朽 犹犧犧 犧犹犧犧伍 犧犧迦犹犧犧伍 犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦犧犧犧犧伍 犧 6 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting New Modern Energy CONsumers in the Greater Mekong Subregion 犧犧 犧犧犧迦犧犧萎犧犧犧迦 犹犧ム紺 犧犧迦犧о艮 犧犹犧犧 犧犧伍 犧迦犧犧迦犧犧萎頃犧 犧犹犧ム紺 犧犧迦 犧犧萎犧ム艮 犧犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦 犧犧迦犧犧 犧犹犧迦 犹犧ム紺犧ム紺犧犧準犧犧迦犧犹 犧準婚犧犧 犧 EE&C 犧犧迦犧犧о魂犧÷犧犧死左犹 犧迦犧, 犧犧о魂犧÷混犧伍 , 犧犧伍 犧÷ 犹犧犧犧迦犧о艮 犧犹犧犧 犹犧ム紺 犹犧犧 犧犹犧犹犧ム頃犧 犹犧犧犧迦犧犧萎頃犧 犧犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦 犧犧迦犧ム紺犧犧 犧犧犧迦犧犧 犧犧犧迦犧犧 犧犹犹犧迦紺犧犧 犧 犧犧迦犧犧迦犧犧萎犧÷叉 犧 犧犧迦犹犧犧犧萎犧迦犹 犧準婚犧犧 犧 EE&C
- 7. 犧犧萎犧迦犧犧迦犹犧犧伍 犧犧犧萎犧犧犧犧迦犹犧犧犧 犧 犹犧犧犧 7 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting New Modern Energy CONsumers in the Greater Mekong Subregion 犹犧犧犧犧犧犹犹犧犹 犧犧犹犧犧伍 犹犧犧伍 犧犧犧犧萎犧 犧犧÷叉 犧犧迦犧∇ 犹犧 犧犧萎犧犧犧ム魂犧 犹犧犹 犧犧犹犧犧伍 犹犧犧犧伍 犧迦犧犧 犧犧萎頃犧 犧犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦犧犹 犹犧犧 犧犧犧朽 犧犧 犧犧 犧÷犧迦犧∇ 犹犧犧犹 犧÷犧伍 犧犧萎犧犧犧犧迦 犹犧犹 犧犧犧犧萎頃犧 犧犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦犧犧朽 犧犧о此犹犧犧 犧犧犧迦犧о犧犧迦 犹犧÷ 犧: 犹犧犹 犧犧犧犧 犧犧犧迦犧迦, TV, 犧犧伍 犹犧∇艮 犧, 犧犧 犧犧犧 犧犹犧犹 犧犧 犧犧萎犧犧犧犧犧犹犧犹 犧犧犹犧犧犧伍 犧迦犧朽 犧÷叉 犧犧迦犹 犧迦犧∇ 犹犧犧ム魂犧
- 8. 犧犧萎犧迦犧犧迦犹犧犧伍 犧犧犧萎犧犧犧犧迦犹犧犧犧 犧 犹犧犧犧 8 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting New Modern Energy CONsumers in the Greater Mekong Subregion Lighting Fluorescent Incandescent Compact fluorescent LED Cooking Electric cooking Rice cooker Microwave oven LPG cooking stove Charcoal cooking Wood cooking stove Kerosene cooking stove Cleaning Washing machine Vacuum cleaner Entertainme nt TV VDO Radio Computer Hifi system Cooling AC Refrigerator Fan Heating Electric kettle Water heater Solar water heater Electric heater Other Electric iron Water pump
- 9. 犧犧о魂犧÷犧伍 犧犧犧犧迦犧犧迦犧犧伍 犧迦犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦犹犧犧犧 犧 犹犧犧犧 (BAU)犧犧 2030 9 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting New Modern Energy CONsumers in the Greater Mekong Subregion All fuel Electricity 1. 犧犧迦犹犧犹 犧犧∇ 犧犧 犧о犧 犧 2. 犧犧迦犧犧迦犧о魂犧÷犧∇艮 犧 3. 犧犧伍 犧迦犹犧犧犧犧萎昆犧о 犧迦 (犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧朽 犧犧伍 犧犧犧犧迦犧犧 犧犹犧 犧) 1. 犧犧迦犧犧迦犧о魂犧÷犧∇艮 犧, 812.02 MkWh (36.29%) 2. 犧犧伍 犧迦犹犧犧犧犧萎昆犧о 犧迦, 558.99 MkWh, 24.9% 3. 犧犧迦犹犧犹 犧∇ 犧犧 犧о犧 犧, 399.79 MkWh (17.87%) (犹犧犧犧伍 犧迦犧朽 犧犧伍 犧犧犧犧迦犧犧 犧犹犧 犧)
- 10. 犧犧о魂犧÷犧伍 犧犧犧犧迦犧犧迦犧犧伍 犧迦犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦犹犧犧犧 犧 犹犧犧犧 (BAU) 犧犧 2030 10 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting New Modern Energy CONsumers in the Greater Mekong Subregion All fuel Electricity 1.Fluorescent, 2.犧犧伍 犹犧∇艮 犧, 3.犧犧 犧犧ム沙 犧 4.犹犧伍 犧犧萎犧萎犧犧犧伍 犧, 5. TV (犧犧迦犧犧о魂犧÷犧伍 犧犧犧犧迦犧犹 犹犧犹 犧犧犹犧犧伍 犹犧犧犧伍 犧迦犧朽 犧犧伍 犧犧犧犧迦犧犧 犧犹犧 犧犹犧犧犧 犧о犧犧犧) 1. 犹犧犧 犧迦犧 犹犧ム紺犹犧犧 犧迦犹 犧迦, 2. 犧犧犧犧犧犧 犧犧迦此犧犧伍 犧о犹犧犹 犧犧犹犧犧伍 犹犧犧犧伍 犧迦犧犧 犧犧ム魂犧犧 犧 (犧犧迦犧犧о魂犧÷犧伍 犧犧犧犧迦犧犹 犹犧犹 犧犧犹犧犧伍 犧犧朽 犧犧伍 犧犧犧犧迦犧犧 犧犹犧 犧犹犧犧犧 犧о犧犧犧)
- 11. 犧犧о魂犧÷犧伍 犧犧犧犧迦犧犧迦犧犧伍 犧迦犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦犹犧犧犧 犧 犹犧犧犧 犧犧 2030 11 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting New Modern Energy CONsumers in the Greater Mekong Subregion
- 12. 犧犧о魂犧÷犧伍 犧犧犧犧迦犧犧迦犧犧伍 犧迦犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦犹犧犧犧 犧 犹犧犧犧 犧犧 2030 12 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting New Modern Energy CONsumers in the Greater Mekong Subregion 犧犧 犧犧犧迦此犧犧萎犧犧犧迦犧犧犧犧ム艮 犧犧犧萎犧迦 犧犧朽 犹犧犧伍 犧犧園左犹 犧犹犧犧死左犹 犧迦犧о左犹 犹犧犧伍 犧犧犧犧迦犧犧 犧÷犧犧伍 犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦 10% 犧犧犧犧犧萎坤犧 犧÷魂犧犧犧迦犧犧 犧÷犧犧伍 犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦犧犧 犧犹犧 犧犹犧犧犧準犹犧犹 犧犧迦 犹犧犧朽 犧÷犧伍 犧犧犧犧犧犧迦犧犧 犧÷犧犧伍 犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦犧犧迦此犧犧 犧犧犧萎犧 犧犧 犧犹犧犧伍 犧犧 犧犧犧迦犧犧迦犧犧 犧犹犧ム 犹犧犧巌 犧犧犧伍 犧迦犧犧迦犧犧 犧÷犧準犧犧 犧犹犧 犧犧∇ 4犹犧犧 1. BAU (犧犧迦犹犧犧朽 犧÷犧伍 犧犧犧迦此犧犧 犧犧犧萎犧 ) 2. HEE (犧犹 犧準犹犧犹 犧犧犹犧犧伍 犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦犧犧 犧犹犧 犧犧犹 犧準犧÷魂犹犧犧 犧犹犧犧犧犧萎頃犧 犧 犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦) 3. HMEE (犧犹 犧準犹犧犹 犧犧犹犧犧伍 犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦犧犧 犧犹犧 犧犧犹 犧準犧÷魂犹犧犧 犧犹犧犧犧犧萎頃犧 犧 犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦犧犧 犧犧犧迦此犧犧о魂犧÷犧犧 犧犹犧犹犧犧伍 犧犧犧犧) 4. MEE (犧犹 犧準犹犧犹 犧犧犹犧犧伍 犧犧迦犧犧萎犧犧犹犧犧犧犧伍 犧о犧犧犧萎犧犧犹犧犧犧犧萎頃犧 犧 犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦犹犧犧伍 犹犧犧伍 10% 犧犧迦此犧犧萎犧犧犧迦)
- 13. 犧犧о魂犧÷犧伍 犧犧犧犧迦犧犧迦犧犧伍 犧迦犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦犹犧犧犧 犧 犹犧犧犧 犧犧 2030 13 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting New Modern Energy CONsumers in the Greater Mekong Subregion 犧犧 犧÷此犧犧犧迦犧犧犧犹犧犹 犧ム紺犧犧犹犧犧犧÷叉 犧犧園 犧犧犧 犧伍 : HEE HMEE MEE Assumes 100% penetration of efficient appliances by 2030 The share of efficient appliances will increase gradually from the current level to reach 100% by 2030. Incandescent, Fluorescent, LCD will be phased out 100% by LED Other equipment like AC, refrigerator, kettle, water heater, electric winter heater, washing machine, electric cooking stove, rice cooker, microwave... Traditional technologies will be replaced by efficient ones Incandescent: 100%-> 20% Replace by CFL: 60% and LED: 40% Fluorescent: 100%-> 20% Replaced: 100% LED CFL: 100%-> 20% Replaced:100% LED LED=>0%-> 20% Electric Cooking devices: replaced by EE product to be 80%, LPG:80%, biomass and charcoal cooking become 100% AC=> 80% EE, frig=> 80%, fan=>80% Heating => 70% TV => 80% Cleaning=>80% Iron => 70% Incandescent: 100%-> 30% Replace by CFL: 50% and LED: 50% Fluorescent: 100%-> 30% Replaced: 100% LED CFL: 100%-> 40% Replaced:100% LED Electric Cooking devices: replaced by EE product to be 50%, LPG:50%, biomass and charcoal cooking become 90% AC=> 60% EE, frig=> 70%, fan=>60% Heating => 50% TV=>60% Cleaning=>60% Iron => 50%
- 14. 犧犧迦犧о佐 犹犧犧迦紺犧犧о魂犧÷犧÷犹 犧迦犧犧犧犧迦犹犧犧伍 犧犧犧萎犧犧 犧犧萎頃犧 犧犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦 14 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting New Modern Energy CONsumers in the Greater Mekong Subregion
- 15. 犧犧迦犧о佐 犹犧犧迦紺犧犧о魂犧÷犧÷犹 犧迦犧犧犧犧迦犹犧犧伍 犧犧犧萎犧犧 犧犧萎頃犧 犧犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦 15 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting New Modern Energy CONsumers in the Greater Mekong Subregion
- 16. 犧犧迦犧о佐 犹犧犧迦紺犧犧о魂犧÷犧÷犹 犧迦犧犧犧犧迦犹犧犧伍 犧犧犧萎犧犧 犧犧萎頃犧 犧犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦 16 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting New Modern Energy CONsumers in the Greater Mekong Subregion
- 17. 犧犧迦犧犧萎昆犧 17 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting New Modern Energy CONsumers in the Greater Mekong Subregion 犧犧о魂犧÷犧伍 犧犧犧犧迦犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦犹犧÷ 犧犧犧萎犧犧朽 犧÷犧伍 犧犧犧迦 391.42 kToe (2014) 犹犧犧 犧 875.39 kToe (2030), 犹犧犧巌 犧犧犧準犹犧犧死 犧迦犧 犧 4,555.21-10,180.76 Million kWh 78% 犧犧犧犧犧 犧犧犹 犧о犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦犧犧朽 犧犧伍 犧犧犧犧迦犹犧犧伍 犹犧犧犧 犧о犧犧犧犧犧 犧犹犧 犧犹犧÷ 犧犧犧迦 犧犧 犧犧犧萎犧迦犧犹 犧犧∇ 犧犧 犧о犧 犧 犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦犹犧犧犧伍 犧迦犧朽 犧犧伍 犧犧犧犧迦犧犧 犧犹犧 犧 犧犧準犹犧犧死 犧迦犧 犧 1,000.52-2,237.61 Million kWh, 2014-2030. 犧犧伍 犧迦犧萎犧 犧犧 犧犧犧迦此犧犧伍 犧犧 犧÷此犧 HEE scenario 犧犧о魂犧÷犧伍 犧犧犧犧迦犧犧迦犧犧伍 犧迦 犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦 犹犧÷ 犧 4,583 M kWh犹犧犧犧 2014 犹犧犧 犧 8,733M kWh 犹犧犧犧 2030 犧犧伍 犧迦犧萎犧 犧犧 犧犧犧迦此犧犧伍 犧犧 犧÷此犧 MEE scenario 犧犧о魂犧÷犧伍 犧犧犧犧迦犧犧迦犧犧伍 犧迦 犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦 犹犧÷ 犧 4,495M kWh 犹犧犧犧 2014 犹犧犧 犧 9,162 M kWh 犹犧犧犧 2030
- 18. 犧犧迦犧犧萎昆犧 18 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting New Modern Energy CONsumers in the Greater Mekong Subregion HEE scenarios 犧犧萎犧犧犹犧犧伍 犹犧犧 犧犧о 犧 犧犧迦此犧迦 犧犧 犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦 犧犧迦 10,180.76 Million kWh (BAU) 犹犧犧 8,733M kWh (HEE) in 2030, 犹犧犧巌 犧犧犧準犹犧犧死 犧 13%. MEE scenarios 犧犧萎犧犧犹犧犧伍 犹犧犧 犧犧о 犧 犧犧迦此犧迦 犧犧 犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦 犧犧迦 10,180.76 Million kWh (BAU) 犹犧犧 9,162 M kWh (MEE) in 2030, 犹犧犧巌 犧犧犧準犹犧犧死 犧 10%.
- 19. 犧犧迦犧犧萎昆犧 19 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting New Modern Energy CONsumers in the Greater Mekong Subregion 犧犧萎坤犧 犧÷魂犧犧犧о魂犧÷犧伍 犧犧犧犧迦犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦犹犧犧犧伍 犧迦犧 犧犹犧 犧犹犧 犧犧 2014 犹犧ム紺 2030 犹犧÷ 犧 241.54 犹犧ム紺 539.2 犧犧迦此犧ム魂犧犧 犧 犧犧犧犹犧 (犧犧犧犧犧犧) 犧犧о此犧犧о魂犧÷犧伍 犧犧犧犧迦犧犧迦犧犧伍 犧迦犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦 犹犧犧犧伍 犧迦昏犧犧犧 犹犧犧 犧 24,89% 犹犧犧犧 2030 犹犧犧巌 犧犧ム婚犧÷犧犧 犧 241.54 犹犧ム紺 539.2 犹犧 犧犧 2014 犹犧ム紺 2030 犧犧迦此犧ム魂犧犧 犧 犧犧伍 犹犧∇艮 犧 犹犧ム紺 犧犧 犧犧ム沙 犧 犧犧о此犹犧犧 犧 19.29%, 15.61% 犧犧迦此犧ム魂犧犧 犧 犧犧迦此犧犧伍 犧о 犧犧伍 犹犧∇艮 犧 犹犧ム紺 犹犧伍 犧犧萎犧萎犧犧犧伍 犧 犧犹 犧迦梱犹 犧準犹犧犧犧迦犧犹 犧準犹犧犧犧犧犧萎犧犧犧犧 犧犹犧犧犧死 犧о犧, 犧犹 犧犧犧犹 犧犹犧 犧犹犧÷ 犧 犹犧犧園左犹 犧犹犧犹 犧犧犧犹犧犹犧犧 犧犧犧 犧
- 20. 犧犧迦犧犧萎昆犧 20 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting New Modern Energy CONsumers in the Greater Mekong Subregion 犹犧犹 犧犧犹犧犧伍 犹犧犧犧 犧о犧犧犧犧犧朽 犧犧伍 犧犧犹犧ム艮 犧犹犧犹 犹犧犧犧迦犧犧萎犧 犧犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦犧∇ 犧犧犧犧ム魂犧 1. 犧犹 犧準犹犧犧 犧迦犹 犧迦 犹犧ム紺犧犧 犹犧犧伍 犹犧犧 犧犹犧犧犧犧萎頃犧 犧犧犧萎坤犧 犧犧犧迦犹犧犧伍 犹犧犧伍 犧犧迦犧犧朽 犧犧 2. 犹犧犧伍 犧犧犧犹犧 LED 犹犧犧犧犧犧犧犧伍 犧犧, 犧犧犧犧犧伍 犧犧, 犹犧ム紺 犧犧犧 CFL 3. 犧犹 犧準 box TV 犧÷魂犹犧犧 犧 LED TV 4. 犧犧伍 犹犧∇艮 犧, 犧犧 犧犧ム沙 犧, AC 犧÷梱犧犹犧犹 犧犧犹犧犧伍 犹犧犧犧伍 犧迦犧犧犧萎犧 犧 犧犧迦犧犹 犹犧犧伍 犹犧犧伍 犧犧迦
- 21. 21 Effective energy efficiency policy implementation targeting New Modern Energy CONsumers in the Greater Mekong Subregion