The document outlines eight characteristics of civilization: government, religion, cities, public works, job specialization, social classes, writing, and advancements in art, architecture, and science. Civilizations have systems of laws and defense, taxation, polytheistic or monotheistic religions. They feature cities, public works like irrigation systems, roads, and walls. Societies have specialized job roles divided among artisans, farmers, priests, and merchants. Social hierarchies establish different classes. Civilizations also use writing and record keeping, and make advancements in technology through developments in art, architecture, and science.