3 joints rp
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This document discusses the classification and anatomy of joints in the human body. It describes three main classifications of joints: fibrous joints which are fixed, cartilaginous joints which are slightly movable, and synovial joints which are freely movable. It then provides details on the different types of joints within each classification, along with diagrams. The document focuses mainly on the anatomy and structural components of synovial joints, including articular surfaces, cartilage, joint capsules, synovial membranes, and innervations. It also discusses developmental processes, applied anatomy concepts, and arthritis.
3 joints rp
- 2. INTRODUCTION 2
- 3. CLASSIFICATIONS Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial Fixed Slightly movable Freely movable (Synarthroses) (Amphiarthroses) (Diarthroses) Types Types Types Sutures Pri.cart. joints Plane Plane (Synchondroses) Hinge Squamous Pivot Limbous Sec.cart. Joints Bicondylar Serrate (Syndesmoses) Ellipsoid Dentate Saddle Schindylesis Ball and socket Gomphosis Syndesmosis 3
- 4. CLASSIFICATIONS JOINTS SYNARTHROSES SYNOVIAL FIBROUS SUTURES SYNDESMOSIS GOMPHOSES CARTILAGENOIS SYNCHONDROSES SYMPHYSES 4
- 6. Sutures 6
- 7. Syndesmosis 7
- 8. GOMPHOSES 8
- 9. CARTILAGENOUS JOINTS SYNCHONDROSES 9
- 10. SYMPHYSES 10
- 11. SYNOVIAL JOINT 11
- 12. ARTICULAR SURFACE OF BONES 12
- 13. ARTICULAR CARTILAGE MIC. STR. LAMINA SPLENDENS Bright line at free surface of articular cartilage seen on oblique sections on negative phase microscopy Not an anatomically distinct surface layer. Artifect at border between regions of different ref index 13
- 14. Joint capsule 14
- 15. SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE 15
- 16. SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE 16
- 17. SYNOVIAL FLUID Volume 0.5 ml in knee jt Color clear or pale yellow pH - slightly alkaline Proteins 0.9 mg/dl Cells 60/ml Amorphous metachromatic particles 17
- 18. INTRAARTICULAR MENISCUS & DISC 18
- 19. LABRUM 19
- 20. BLOOD SUPPLY 20
- 21. NERVE SUPPLY Hilton's law 21
- 22. NERVE RECEPTORS Ruffini endings Lamellated articular corpuscles Golgi tendon organs Simple nerve endings 22
- 23. CLASSIFICATION OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS Based on shape of articular surface Plane jt Ellipsoid jt Hinge jt Saddle jt Pivot jt Ball and socket jt Bicondylar jt Articular shapes are never truly flat, spherical, cylinder, cone or ellipsoids but part of a spheroid. 23
- 24. PLANE JOINT 24
- 25. HINGE JOINT 25
- 26. PIVOT JOINT 26
- 27. BICONDYLAR JOINT 27
- 28. ELLIPSOIDAL JOINT 28
- 29. SADDLE JOINT 29
- 30. BALL & SOCKET JOINT 30
- 31. FACTORS INFLUENCING MOVEMENTS OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS Complexity of form Degrees of freedom 31
- 32. ARTICULAR MOVEMENTS AND MECHANISMS Combination of translation and angulation Movement slight similar sized reciprocal surfaces wide habitually more mobile bone has larger articular surface 32
- 33. ARTICULAR MOVEMENTS AND MECHANISMS contd... Translation Angulation Flexion and extension Abduction and adduction Axial rotation Circumduction 33
- 34. Development Mesodermal origin with some neural crest contribution. Regions of developing cartilage consist of widely spaced cells surrounded by matrix. Condensation of somatopleuric mesenchymal cells develop between developing skeletal elements to form plates of interzonal mesenchyme Their subsequent development varies acc. to type of joint Fibrous joint Cartilagenous joint Synovial joint 34
- 35. Development 35
- 37. 2. JOINT REPLACEMENTS 37
- 38. 3. Premature fusion of synchondroses 4. Arthritis 38
- 39. DISCUSSION 39