3. Rocks-and-Minerals.pdf
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Rocks are solid collections of mineral grains that grow or become cemented together. Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic elements or compounds that make up rocks. Rocks are classified based on how they are formed, into three main categories: sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic. Sedimentary rocks form through the lithification of sediments or precipitation from water. Igneous rocks form from the cooling and solidification of magma either below ground (intrusive) or above ground (extrusive). Metamorphic rocks form from existing rocks undergoing changes due to heat, pressure, and chemical reactions in the earth's crust.
3. Rocks-and-Minerals.pdf
- 2. ROCKS AND MINERALS Minerals are the ingredients of rocks. or Rocks are made up of minerals.
- 4. ROCKS GSE 415 EARTH/ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE A rock is a solid collection of mineral grains that grow or become cemented together.
- 5. MINERALS Naturally occurring, inorganic elements or compounds with specific physical and chemical properties.
- 6. MINERAL PROPERTIES 1.Color Least useful property in identifying minerals. 2.Streak The color of a minerals powder. streak test Used to identify minerals
- 7. 3.Luster How the minerals surface reflects light. Metallic vs. non- metallic. MINERAL PROPERTIES
- 8. 4.Hardness The ability of a mineral to resist being scratched. ≒Scratch test If mineral A can scratch mineral B, what does that tell us about the relative hardness of each mineral? MINERAL PROPERTIES
- 9. MOHS HARDNESS SCALE SOFT HARD
- 10. 5. Fracture/ Cleavage MINERAL PROPERTIES Fracture Mineral breaks unevenly or irregularly Cleavage The tendency of a Mineral to break evenly along its weakest plane.
- 11. 6.Crystal Form Some minerals tend to form crystals that aid in the identification of the mineral. MINERAL PROPERTIES
- 12. 7.Specific Gravity The ratio of the density of the mineral to the density of water (1 g/cm3) If a mineral has a specific gravity of 5 that means it is 5 times as dense as water. MINERAL PROPERTIES
- 13. 8.Others a. Acid test Calcite b. Magnetic Magnetite c. Taste - Halite MINERAL PROPERTIES
- 14. A minerals properties are due to the internal arrangement of its atoms. MINERAL PROPERTIES
- 15. Monomineralic 1 Mineral Polymineralic More than 1 Mineral ROCKS ARE CLASSIFIED BY HOW THEY ARE FORMED!!!
- 16. 1.Clastics Rocks that form when sediments (sand, silt etc.) are lithified. Processes Compacting and cementing Vary due to grain size! SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
- 18. 2.Non-Clastics A.Organics (bioclastics) Form from living things. Examples: Coal, limestone B.Chemical (crystaline) Formed from the evaporation or precipitation of sea water. Examples: Halite, gypsum SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
- 20. Form when liquid rock cools and solidifies IGNEOUS ROCKS Intrusive Cools below the earths surface (slowwwwly!) Magma Plutonic Extrusive Cools at the Earths surface (quickly!) Lava ≒Volcanic
- 21. The longer the rock takes to cool, the larger the crystals! Cools slow ..Large crystals Cools fast .small crystals Cools immediatelyNO Crystals (glass) IGNEOUS ROCKS
- 22. Vesicular igneous rock- gas pocket IGNEOUS ROCKS
- 24. BANDING
- 25. FOLIATED
- 26. IDENTIFYING CHARACTERISTICS OF ROCKS