�ݺ�ߣ

Objective
• Objectively document the work task or
process for analysis
• Many methods are available
• New ones are invented regularly
• Break down the job into sub-components
or tasks
• Describe the tasks in a meaningful way
16 February 2015
King Saud University
College of Engineering
Department of Industrial Engineering
2

Pareto Chart
• Items of interest are identified and
measured on a common scale
• Then ordered in ascending order,
creating a cumulative distribution
16 February 2015
3

Pareto Chart
• Pareto principle: 80% of the total activity
can be found in the first 20% of the
items.
• Goal is to identify the appropriate 20%
for analysis.
– 80% of inventory is associated with 20%
of the parts.
– 80% of the injuries are associated with
20% of the jobs.
16 February 2015
4

Fishbone Diagram (Cause-Effect)
• Identifies components lead to undesirable
(desirable) event in a process
• Principle event is identified at the fish head
• Associated contributing factors are identified
using a tree type structure.
• Closely related to many different charts used
in safety analysis (Fault-Tree method)
16 February 2015
5

Example
16 February 2015
6

Operations Process Charts
• Represents the chronological sequence of:
– operations,
– Inspections,
– Time allowances, and
– materials used in a process
• from the arrival of raw material to the
packaging of the finished product.
16 February 2015
7

• Focuses on products and/or facilities
• Two symbols are used in the chart:
– Operations are denoted using a
small circle
– Inspections are denoted using a
small square
16 February 2015
8

• Vertical lines indicate general flow of the
process as work is completed
• Horizontal lines feeding into vertical lines
are for parts or subassemblies.
• Lines should not cross in the chart.
• Time values are assigned to operations
and inspections on the chart.
16 February 2015
9

16 February 2015
10

16 February 2015
11

Flow Process Charts
• Identify operations, inspections, materials,
moves, storages, and delays involved in
making a part or completing a process.
• Show all events in the correct sequence.
• Show the relationship between parts and
fabrication complexity.
• used for workers, components, or sub-
assemblies.
16 February 2015
12

Flow Process Charts
• Distinguish between produced and
purchased parts.
• Provide information on the number
of employees utilized and the time
required to perform each operation
and inspection.
• More details than operations
process charts
16 February 2015
13

Flow Process Charts
• Two types are commonly used:
– Product or material
– Operative or person
• Help identify nonproduction hidden
costs such as distances traveled,
delays, and temporary storage.
16 February 2015
14

16 February 2015
15

16 February 2015
16

16 February 2015
17

16 February 2015
18

Flow Diagrams
• Supplement to Flow process charts
to indicate process flow
• Overhead pictorial plan of the facility.
16 February 2015
19

16 February 2015
20

16 February 2015
21

Worker and Machine Process Charts
• Show time relationship between
the working cycle of a person and
the operating cycle of a machine(s)
at a single workstation.
• Machine times and operator times
must be known for each element
• Chart drawn vertically to scale.
16 February 2015
22

Worker and Machine Process Charts
• Solid lines represent productive time,
• Breaks indicate idle time,
• Dotted lines represent non-productive
time.
16 February 2015
23

16 February 2015
24

Gang Process Charts
• Worker and Machine Process charts
showing many workers are called
Gang Process Charts.
16 February 2015
25

Gang Process Charts
16 February 2015
26

Gang Process Charts
16 February 2015
27

Two-Handed Process Chart
• Left-hand / right-hand chart
• Operator process chart.
• Is a flow process chart directed at an
operator
• Each hand is documented separately.
• Useful when doing work methods analysis.
16 February 2015
28

16 February 2015
29

�ݺ�ߣ

3 work charting_methods

More Related Content

3 work charting_methods