33.transposition
Download as PPTX, PDF0 likes386 views
A tooth transposition occurs when two teeth exchange their normal positions, most often involving the permanent canine and lateral incisor. Radiographs are useful for recognizing this condition by showing an unusual sequence of teeth. Impacted teeth in the wrong positions can be surgically exposed and prosthetically altered under local anesthesia to improve function.
1 of 5
Download to read offline
Recommended
A Dental Transposition: Literature Review and Clinical Management
A Dental Transposition: Literature Review and Clinical ManagementAbu-Hussein Muhamad
Ìý
This document summarizes a case report of the successful orthodontic treatment of a complete transposition between a maxillary left canine and lateral incisor in a 14-year-old female patient. A panoramic x-ray revealed the transposition, which is a developmental anomaly where teeth exchange positions. Treatment options included accepting the transposition, extracting one tooth, or correcting the transposition. The authors chose to orthodontically move the teeth to their correct positions to improve esthetics and function. Over 24 months of treatment using fixed appliances and archwires, the canine and lateral incisor were slowly moved into their anatomically correct positions. At the end of treatment, a Class I occlusion was achieved withDental Transposition of Mandibular Canine and Lateral Incisor
Dental Transposition of Mandibular Canine and Lateral IncisorAbu-Hussein Muhamad
Ìý
Dental transposition is a form of ectopic eruption with change in position of normal adjacent teeth. Its prevalence is very low in general population and could be frequently missed on oral examination. This article reports a case of early orthodontic treatment of a rare unilateral mandibular right lateral incisor – canine transpositionA Dental Transposition: Literature Review and Clinical Management
A Dental Transposition: Literature Review and Clinical Managementiosrjce
Ìý
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.Prevalence of Tooth Transposition in Arab Israelian(Arab48) Population;A retr...
Prevalence of Tooth Transposition in Arab Israelian(Arab48) Population;A retr...iosrjce
Ìý
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others. Prevalence of Tooth Transposition in Arab Israelian(Arab48) Population;A ret...
Prevalence of Tooth Transposition in Arab Israelian(Arab48) Population;A ret...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Ìý
Abstract: Tooth transposition is a relatively rare developmental anomaly of the teeth characterized by a positional interchange of a permanent tooth leading to distortion in the alignment of the affected segment, a midline shift, and malocclusion of the teeth. In the general population, the prevalence of this anomaly has been reported to be below 1% in most investigations. Aim: To investigate the prevalence of tooth transposition in a sample of Arab Israel(Arab48) dental patients. Study Design: Epidemiological study. Time And Place Of Action: , Time period 2006-2015,Arab Israel population Materials And Methods; The records of 2200(1354 female,846 male} patients attending orthoditics therapy in the Center For Dentistry, research & Aesthetics ,Jatt,Israel. The age of the patients ranged from 10.2 to 39.5years, with a mean of 16,2years. Main Measurements: Tooth transposition was investigated my means of clinical examination through observation and palpation, as well as with radiographic examination using panoramic radiographs. Results were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: The prevalence of tooth transposition was found to be 0.55% in Arab Israelian population. Maxillary canine-lateral incisor transposition was found to have a higher frequency than maxillary canine-first premolar transposition. A higher prevalence in female than male by 33,34% was noticed. Keywords: dental transposition, position anomaly, frequency,Arab IsraelTransposition tooth corrected by orthodontic 
Transposition tooth corrected by orthodontic Hawa Shoaib
Ìý
This document discusses tooth transposition, providing definitions and classifications. It notes that tooth transposition is the positional interchange of two adjacent teeth within the same quadrant. Transposition can be complete, involving both the crowns and roots, or incomplete, involving just the crowns. The maxillary canine is most frequently involved in transposition. The document also outlines various etiological factors and treatment considerations for transposed teeth. It then presents two clinical cases of maxillary canine-premolar transposition and discusses their orthodontic treatment.Transposition of teeth & its management
Transposition of teeth & its managementIndian dental academy
Ìý
This document discusses the dental anomaly of tooth transposition. It begins with an introduction that defines transposition as the interchange of positions between two teeth. It then covers the history, definitions, classifications, controversies regarding etiology, clinical features, and management of tooth transposition. Key points include that maxillary canine to first premolar transposition is most common, transposition has been observed since the early 19th century, and the precise cause remains unknown but is likely genetic and multifactorial. Clinical management involves either interceptive treatment during development or definitive treatment after eruption.Congenitally Missing Maxillary Lateral Incisor
Congenitally Missing Maxillary Lateral IncisorNoha Ali
Ìý
This document discusses congenitally missing teeth, specifically missing maxillary lateral incisors. It provides information on the definition, prevalence, clinical features, diagnosis and relationship to canine impaction. Key points include:
- Congenitally missing lateral incisors is a common developmental anomaly and has a genetic basis.
- Clinical features include midline diastema, retained primary teeth, and canine impaction.
- Diagnosis involves radiographs and examination to determine treatment planning factors like space, tooth size and position.
- Absent lateral incisors can disrupt eruption of the canine, increasing risk of impaction.Scissor. telescope. brodie. bite
Scissor. telescope. brodie. biteYasmine Hammad
Ìý
1) The document discusses different types of scissor bites (malocclusions where the maxillary teeth are positioned buccal to the mandibular teeth), including definitions, classifications, causes, and treatment options.
2) Scissor bites can be caused by factors like microglossia, abnormal tooth germ position, and skeletal Class II issues. Treatment depends on a patient's age and severity of the scissor bite, ranging from removable appliances to orthodontic devices to orthognathic surgery.
3) The document presents several case studies as examples. One case discusses using a bonded constriction quad-helix appliance to reduce the maxillary arch width in a growing patient with a bilateral scissorCombination syndrome revised
Combination syndrome revisedDheeraj Sudhir
Ìý
This document discusses combination syndrome, which occurs when a complete maxillary denture is opposed by a mandibular removable partial denture. This can lead to bone loss in the maxilla, enlargement of the mandibular tuberosities, and poor denture stability. Implant-supported prostheses and paying careful attention to occlusion design and retention are recommended to prevent these issues.Management of Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors with Orthodontics and Sin...
Management of Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors with Orthodontics and Sin...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Ìý
This case report describes the management of a congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisor using an interdisciplinary approach involving orthodontics, bone grafting, dental implant placement, and prosthodontics. Specifically, orthodontic treatment was used to create sufficient space between the central incisor and canine for an implant. A bone graft was then used to augment the alveolar ridge prior to placing a dental implant. After osseointegration, a crown was placed on the implant to replace the missing lateral incisor. Follow up after one year showed successful treatment outcomes with good esthetics, function, and periodontal health.Eruption power point
Eruption power pointsherifsayed65
Ìý
1. Tooth eruption is the movement of tooth germs from their developmental sites until they emerge into the oral cavity and reach occlusion. This movement occurs through various stages, including pre-eruptive movement before emergence and eruptive movement after emergence.
2. During pre-eruptive movement, tooth germs move in response to jaw growth through mechanisms like bodily movement and eccentric growth. They also move in relation to each other through the gobernacular canal.
3. Eruptive pre-functional movement occurs after tooth emergence and involves axial and other movements to bring teeth into occlusion. Eruptive post-functional movement allows teeth to compensate for jaw growth and occlusal wear throughout lifeTooth Eruption Dr Mona Denewar
Tooth Eruption Dr Mona DenewarMona Denewar
Ìý
This document discusses tooth eruption, including:
1. Tooth eruption involves the axial movement of teeth from their developmental position in the jaw bone to their functional position in occlusion.
2. There are three phases of eruption - pre-eruptive, eruptive, and post-eruptive phases. The eruptive phase involves both intraosseous and extraosseous stages as the tooth moves from within the bone to reaching the occlusal plane.
3. Several theories have been proposed to explain the mechanism of tooth eruption, including root formation theory, bone remodeling theory, periodontal ligament traction theory, and dental follicle theory. However, it is now believedPosterior crossbite in_primary_and_mixed_dentition_-_etiology_and_management_...
Posterior crossbite in_primary_and_mixed_dentition_-_etiology_and_management_...shabeel pn
Ìý
Posterior crossbite refers to an abnormal transverse relationship between the upper and lower posterior teeth, where the mandibular buccal cusp occludes buccal to the maxillary buccal cusp. Posterior crossbites can be classified based on etiology, number of teeth involved, unilateral/bilateral involvement, and extent. Management depends on whether the crossbite is dental, skeletal, or functional in nature, and involves appliances like Coffin springs, W-arches, quad helix, and rapid maxillary expansion to correct the underlying discrepancy. Early treatment of posterior crossbites is important to allow for proper arch development and prevent future malocclusions.Tooth eruption n shedding 
Tooth eruption n shedding Bharti Sachdeva
Ìý
This document discusses tooth eruption and shedding. It begins by describing the formation of the dental lamina during embryonic development, from which the primary teeth and permanent successors develop. It then covers the developmental stages of teeth, the theories of eruption, and the phases of eruption including pre-eruption, eruption, and post-eruption. It also provides the chronology of human dentition development and shedding of teeth. In summary, it provides a comprehensive overview of tooth development from the embryonic stage through eruption and shedding.Occlusion and orthodontics by Almuzian
Occlusion and orthodontics by AlmuzianUniversity of Sydney and Edinbugh
Ìý
The document discusses key concepts in occlusion and orthodontics including ideal occlusion, malocclusion, static and functional occlusion. It describes Andrews' six keys of ideal occlusion and Roth's six keys of functional occlusion. The importance of functional tooth contacts is discussed along with types of articulators used in orthodontics and their indications.Define eruption of teeth & its phases
Define eruption of teeth & its phasesal_bleahid
Ìý
Tooth eruption refers to the axial or occlusal movement of developing teeth to emerge from the jawbone and reach the biting surface in the mouth. Eruption occurs in three phases: pre-eruptive, eruptive, and post-eruptive. In the pre-eruptive phase, which begins after the tooth bell stage and ends at root formation, the tooth undergoes bodily movement or eccentric growth facilitated by bone resorption and deposition. During the eruptive phase, from root formation through emergence into the mouth, the tooth undergoes intraosseous and supraosseous movement. The post-eruptive phase involves ongoing root, ligament, and bone development as the tooth4. class i
4. class iRofidaElfaumi
Ìý
Class I malocclusions involve anomalies where the anteroposterior relationship is within normal limits. They are usually due to tooth/arch size discrepancies leading to crowding or spacing. Crowding occurs in about 60% of cases and can be relieved by extractions or expansion. Spacing can be difficult to close completely and may require bridges. Displaced teeth are usually caused by lack of space and may require extraction. Bimaxillary proclination affects both arches and is treated by retracting both upper and lower incisors.Eruption
EruptionMenatalla Elhindawy
Ìý
Tooth eruption involves three phases:
1. The pre-eruptive phase involves tooth germ development and movement within the jaw bone.
2. The eruptive phase is when the tooth emerges into the mouth through the gums and reaches the bite.
3. The post-eruptive phase occurs after the tooth has reached the bite, and involves minor movements like accommodating jaw growth and bite wear.
Tooth eruption is guided by several theories centered around root formation, bone remodeling, the dental follicle, and ligament and blood vessel forces, but is likely multifactorial. Clinical considerations for eruption include early or delayed timing.Eruption & Shedding of Deciduous TEETH
Eruption & Shedding of Deciduous TEETHSarang Suresh Hotchandani
Ìý
The document discusses the eruption and shedding of deciduous teeth. It covers:
1) The process of eruption where a tooth moves from its developmental position in the jaw to its functional position in the mouth.
2) Pre-eruptive, eruptive, and post-eruptive phases of tooth movement.
3) Patterns and mechanisms of shedding deciduous teeth, including root resorption and the role of developing permanent teeth.Eruptive abnormaities in orthodontic movement
Eruptive abnormaities in orthodontic movementravidevata
Ìý
This document discusses various types of eruptive abnormalities that can complicate orthodontic treatment outcomes, including tooth impaction, ectopic eruption, transposition, congenitally missing teeth, and supernumerary teeth. Tooth impaction is failure of a tooth to erupt and can be caused by physical impedance or ankylosis. Treatment depends on the specific abnormality and may include extraction, making space, or applying traction forces to guide eruption. Maintaining optimal arch form and function is important despite eruptive abnormalities.Eruption
EruptionMenatalla Elhindawy
Ìý
The document discusses the phases and mechanism of tooth eruption. It describes the three phases as:
1) Pre-eruptive phase where tooth germs grow and the jaw bones remodel to make space.
2) Eruptive phase where the roots form and the teeth move from their crypts to their functional positions through bone resorption and deposition guided by the periodontal ligament fibers.
3) Post-eruptive phase where teeth continue moving to accommodate growth and compensate for wear.
The key theories discussed for the mechanism of eruption are: bone remodeling around the crypt, the role of the dental follicle in providing cells for bone formation and resorption, the eruptive forcescongenital missing maxillary lateral incisor(s)
congenital missing maxillary lateral incisor(s)MaherFouda1
Ìý
The document discusses treatment options for congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors, including canine substitution, single-tooth implants, and tooth-supported restorations. It provides details on the benefits and drawbacks of each approach. Space closure through canine substitution is presented as having the advantage of accomplishing treatment in one phase and producing permanent results independent of residual growth. However, achieving high esthetic standards requires restorative work on canines and premolars. A six-step clinical procedure is outlined to close spaces and perform restorations for an optimal esthetic outcome. Risks of biological complications with the implant approach over time are also noted.Phase I Orthodontic treatment
Phase I Orthodontic treatmentDr Victoria J Lynskey, Orthodontist
Ìý
This lecture is for dental professionals requesting more information on when to refer young patients for orthodontic tretmentEruption sequence of primary teeth
Eruption sequence of primary teethDr.Dhananjay Singh
Ìý
The document summarizes the sequence of eruption of primary teeth. It begins by defining tooth eruption as the movement of a tooth from development within the jaws to its functional position in the oral cavity. It then outlines the order of eruption of primary teeth as central incisors, lateral incisors, first molars, canines, and second molars. Finally, it briefly discusses the importance of primary teeth for functions like chewing, speech development, and guiding permanent teeth into place.Management of tooth agenesis in orthodontics
Management of tooth agenesis in orthodonticsM Shariq Sohail
Ìý
Dr. Muhammad Sohail presented information on tooth agenesis/hypodontia, which is characterized by the absence of one or more teeth. Some key points include:
- The prevalence is 2.7-12.2% in permanent dentition excluding third molars.
- Genetic and environmental factors can contribute to its etiology.
- Treatment depends on the number and location of missing teeth and may include space closure, autotransplantation, or prosthetic replacement.
- Management requires a multidisciplinary approach including orthodontics, prosthodontics, oral surgery and restorative dentistry.Eruption and shedding of teeth
Eruption and shedding of teethDivyaDoneriya
Ìý
- Tooth eruption is the movement of teeth through the gums and bone to appear in the mouth and allow for proper function.
- It occurs in three phases: pre-eruptive within the bone, eruptive as it emerges through the gums, and posteruptive as it aligns fully.
- Several theories exist for the mechanism of eruption including root formation, vascular pressure, and periodontal ligament traction which recent evidence supports as the driving force.Dr laila Amin (occlusion2)
Dr laila Amin (occlusion2)dentistry
Ìý
1. The document discusses occlusion and centric occlusion relationships between the maxillary and mandibular teeth. It defines key terms like supporting cusps, guiding cusps, and centric stops.
2. Angle's classification of malocclusions into Classes I, II, and III is explained. Class I is normal occlusion, Class II is retrognathic, and Class III is prognathic.
3. The centric occlusion relationships between specific teeth are delineated, like the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar occluding in the mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular first molar.Development of dentition & occlusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by ...
Development of dentition & occlusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by ...Indian dental academy
Ìý
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.Tooth eruption
Tooth eruptionsyedsadatullah
Ìý
The document discusses the phases of tooth eruption and theories of tooth eruption. It describes three phases of tooth eruption: 1) the preeruptive phase where the tooth germ moves within the jaw bone, 2) the eruptive or prefunctional phase where the root forms and the tooth emerges into the mouth, and 3) the functional or post-eruptive phase where the tooth reaches the bite and the roots continue to develop. Several theories for the mechanism of tooth eruption are mentioned, including the roles of vascularity, pressure changes, root formation, bone remodeling, the dental follicle, and the periodontal ligament.More Related Content
What's hot (20)
Scissor. telescope. brodie. bite
Scissor. telescope. brodie. biteYasmine Hammad
Ìý
1) The document discusses different types of scissor bites (malocclusions where the maxillary teeth are positioned buccal to the mandibular teeth), including definitions, classifications, causes, and treatment options.
2) Scissor bites can be caused by factors like microglossia, abnormal tooth germ position, and skeletal Class II issues. Treatment depends on a patient's age and severity of the scissor bite, ranging from removable appliances to orthodontic devices to orthognathic surgery.
3) The document presents several case studies as examples. One case discusses using a bonded constriction quad-helix appliance to reduce the maxillary arch width in a growing patient with a bilateral scissorCombination syndrome revised
Combination syndrome revisedDheeraj Sudhir
Ìý
This document discusses combination syndrome, which occurs when a complete maxillary denture is opposed by a mandibular removable partial denture. This can lead to bone loss in the maxilla, enlargement of the mandibular tuberosities, and poor denture stability. Implant-supported prostheses and paying careful attention to occlusion design and retention are recommended to prevent these issues.Management of Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors with Orthodontics and Sin...
Management of Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors with Orthodontics and Sin...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Ìý
This case report describes the management of a congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisor using an interdisciplinary approach involving orthodontics, bone grafting, dental implant placement, and prosthodontics. Specifically, orthodontic treatment was used to create sufficient space between the central incisor and canine for an implant. A bone graft was then used to augment the alveolar ridge prior to placing a dental implant. After osseointegration, a crown was placed on the implant to replace the missing lateral incisor. Follow up after one year showed successful treatment outcomes with good esthetics, function, and periodontal health.Eruption power point
Eruption power pointsherifsayed65
Ìý
1. Tooth eruption is the movement of tooth germs from their developmental sites until they emerge into the oral cavity and reach occlusion. This movement occurs through various stages, including pre-eruptive movement before emergence and eruptive movement after emergence.
2. During pre-eruptive movement, tooth germs move in response to jaw growth through mechanisms like bodily movement and eccentric growth. They also move in relation to each other through the gobernacular canal.
3. Eruptive pre-functional movement occurs after tooth emergence and involves axial and other movements to bring teeth into occlusion. Eruptive post-functional movement allows teeth to compensate for jaw growth and occlusal wear throughout lifeTooth Eruption Dr Mona Denewar
Tooth Eruption Dr Mona DenewarMona Denewar
Ìý
This document discusses tooth eruption, including:
1. Tooth eruption involves the axial movement of teeth from their developmental position in the jaw bone to their functional position in occlusion.
2. There are three phases of eruption - pre-eruptive, eruptive, and post-eruptive phases. The eruptive phase involves both intraosseous and extraosseous stages as the tooth moves from within the bone to reaching the occlusal plane.
3. Several theories have been proposed to explain the mechanism of tooth eruption, including root formation theory, bone remodeling theory, periodontal ligament traction theory, and dental follicle theory. However, it is now believedPosterior crossbite in_primary_and_mixed_dentition_-_etiology_and_management_...
Posterior crossbite in_primary_and_mixed_dentition_-_etiology_and_management_...shabeel pn
Ìý
Posterior crossbite refers to an abnormal transverse relationship between the upper and lower posterior teeth, where the mandibular buccal cusp occludes buccal to the maxillary buccal cusp. Posterior crossbites can be classified based on etiology, number of teeth involved, unilateral/bilateral involvement, and extent. Management depends on whether the crossbite is dental, skeletal, or functional in nature, and involves appliances like Coffin springs, W-arches, quad helix, and rapid maxillary expansion to correct the underlying discrepancy. Early treatment of posterior crossbites is important to allow for proper arch development and prevent future malocclusions.Tooth eruption n shedding
Tooth eruption n shedding Bharti Sachdeva
Ìý
This document discusses tooth eruption and shedding. It begins by describing the formation of the dental lamina during embryonic development, from which the primary teeth and permanent successors develop. It then covers the developmental stages of teeth, the theories of eruption, and the phases of eruption including pre-eruption, eruption, and post-eruption. It also provides the chronology of human dentition development and shedding of teeth. In summary, it provides a comprehensive overview of tooth development from the embryonic stage through eruption and shedding.Occlusion and orthodontics by Almuzian
Occlusion and orthodontics by AlmuzianUniversity of Sydney and Edinbugh
Ìý
The document discusses key concepts in occlusion and orthodontics including ideal occlusion, malocclusion, static and functional occlusion. It describes Andrews' six keys of ideal occlusion and Roth's six keys of functional occlusion. The importance of functional tooth contacts is discussed along with types of articulators used in orthodontics and their indications.Define eruption of teeth & its phases
Define eruption of teeth & its phasesal_bleahid
Ìý
Tooth eruption refers to the axial or occlusal movement of developing teeth to emerge from the jawbone and reach the biting surface in the mouth. Eruption occurs in three phases: pre-eruptive, eruptive, and post-eruptive. In the pre-eruptive phase, which begins after the tooth bell stage and ends at root formation, the tooth undergoes bodily movement or eccentric growth facilitated by bone resorption and deposition. During the eruptive phase, from root formation through emergence into the mouth, the tooth undergoes intraosseous and supraosseous movement. The post-eruptive phase involves ongoing root, ligament, and bone development as the tooth4. class i
4. class iRofidaElfaumi
Ìý
Class I malocclusions involve anomalies where the anteroposterior relationship is within normal limits. They are usually due to tooth/arch size discrepancies leading to crowding or spacing. Crowding occurs in about 60% of cases and can be relieved by extractions or expansion. Spacing can be difficult to close completely and may require bridges. Displaced teeth are usually caused by lack of space and may require extraction. Bimaxillary proclination affects both arches and is treated by retracting both upper and lower incisors.Eruption
EruptionMenatalla Elhindawy
Ìý
Tooth eruption involves three phases:
1. The pre-eruptive phase involves tooth germ development and movement within the jaw bone.
2. The eruptive phase is when the tooth emerges into the mouth through the gums and reaches the bite.
3. The post-eruptive phase occurs after the tooth has reached the bite, and involves minor movements like accommodating jaw growth and bite wear.
Tooth eruption is guided by several theories centered around root formation, bone remodeling, the dental follicle, and ligament and blood vessel forces, but is likely multifactorial. Clinical considerations for eruption include early or delayed timing.Eruption & Shedding of Deciduous TEETH
Eruption & Shedding of Deciduous TEETHSarang Suresh Hotchandani
Ìý
The document discusses the eruption and shedding of deciduous teeth. It covers:
1) The process of eruption where a tooth moves from its developmental position in the jaw to its functional position in the mouth.
2) Pre-eruptive, eruptive, and post-eruptive phases of tooth movement.
3) Patterns and mechanisms of shedding deciduous teeth, including root resorption and the role of developing permanent teeth.Eruptive abnormaities in orthodontic movement
Eruptive abnormaities in orthodontic movementravidevata
Ìý
This document discusses various types of eruptive abnormalities that can complicate orthodontic treatment outcomes, including tooth impaction, ectopic eruption, transposition, congenitally missing teeth, and supernumerary teeth. Tooth impaction is failure of a tooth to erupt and can be caused by physical impedance or ankylosis. Treatment depends on the specific abnormality and may include extraction, making space, or applying traction forces to guide eruption. Maintaining optimal arch form and function is important despite eruptive abnormalities.Eruption
EruptionMenatalla Elhindawy
Ìý
The document discusses the phases and mechanism of tooth eruption. It describes the three phases as:
1) Pre-eruptive phase where tooth germs grow and the jaw bones remodel to make space.
2) Eruptive phase where the roots form and the teeth move from their crypts to their functional positions through bone resorption and deposition guided by the periodontal ligament fibers.
3) Post-eruptive phase where teeth continue moving to accommodate growth and compensate for wear.
The key theories discussed for the mechanism of eruption are: bone remodeling around the crypt, the role of the dental follicle in providing cells for bone formation and resorption, the eruptive forcescongenital missing maxillary lateral incisor(s)
congenital missing maxillary lateral incisor(s)MaherFouda1
Ìý
The document discusses treatment options for congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors, including canine substitution, single-tooth implants, and tooth-supported restorations. It provides details on the benefits and drawbacks of each approach. Space closure through canine substitution is presented as having the advantage of accomplishing treatment in one phase and producing permanent results independent of residual growth. However, achieving high esthetic standards requires restorative work on canines and premolars. A six-step clinical procedure is outlined to close spaces and perform restorations for an optimal esthetic outcome. Risks of biological complications with the implant approach over time are also noted.Phase I Orthodontic treatment
Phase I Orthodontic treatmentDr Victoria J Lynskey, Orthodontist
Ìý
This lecture is for dental professionals requesting more information on when to refer young patients for orthodontic tretmentEruption sequence of primary teeth
Eruption sequence of primary teethDr.Dhananjay Singh
Ìý
The document summarizes the sequence of eruption of primary teeth. It begins by defining tooth eruption as the movement of a tooth from development within the jaws to its functional position in the oral cavity. It then outlines the order of eruption of primary teeth as central incisors, lateral incisors, first molars, canines, and second molars. Finally, it briefly discusses the importance of primary teeth for functions like chewing, speech development, and guiding permanent teeth into place.Management of tooth agenesis in orthodontics
Management of tooth agenesis in orthodonticsM Shariq Sohail
Ìý
Dr. Muhammad Sohail presented information on tooth agenesis/hypodontia, which is characterized by the absence of one or more teeth. Some key points include:
- The prevalence is 2.7-12.2% in permanent dentition excluding third molars.
- Genetic and environmental factors can contribute to its etiology.
- Treatment depends on the number and location of missing teeth and may include space closure, autotransplantation, or prosthetic replacement.
- Management requires a multidisciplinary approach including orthodontics, prosthodontics, oral surgery and restorative dentistry.Eruption and shedding of teeth
Eruption and shedding of teethDivyaDoneriya
Ìý
- Tooth eruption is the movement of teeth through the gums and bone to appear in the mouth and allow for proper function.
- It occurs in three phases: pre-eruptive within the bone, eruptive as it emerges through the gums, and posteruptive as it aligns fully.
- Several theories exist for the mechanism of eruption including root formation, vascular pressure, and periodontal ligament traction which recent evidence supports as the driving force.Dr laila Amin (occlusion2)
Dr laila Amin (occlusion2)dentistry
Ìý
1. The document discusses occlusion and centric occlusion relationships between the maxillary and mandibular teeth. It defines key terms like supporting cusps, guiding cusps, and centric stops.
2. Angle's classification of malocclusions into Classes I, II, and III is explained. Class I is normal occlusion, Class II is retrognathic, and Class III is prognathic.
3. The centric occlusion relationships between specific teeth are delineated, like the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar occluding in the mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular first molar.Management of Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors with Orthodontics and Sin...
Management of Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors with Orthodontics and Sin...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Ìý
Viewers also liked (20)
Development of dentition & occlusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by ...
Development of dentition & occlusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by ...Indian dental academy
Ìý
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.Tooth eruption
Tooth eruptionsyedsadatullah
Ìý
The document discusses the phases of tooth eruption and theories of tooth eruption. It describes three phases of tooth eruption: 1) the preeruptive phase where the tooth germ moves within the jaw bone, 2) the eruptive or prefunctional phase where the root forms and the tooth emerges into the mouth, and 3) the functional or post-eruptive phase where the tooth reaches the bite and the roots continue to develop. Several theories for the mechanism of tooth eruption are mentioned, including the roles of vascularity, pressure changes, root formation, bone remodeling, the dental follicle, and the periodontal ligament.Eruption & shedding
Eruption & sheddingkoilonychia
Ìý
This document summarizes the process of tooth eruption. It discusses the pre-eruptive, eruptive, and post-eruptive phases of tooth movement. During the pre-eruptive phase, tooth germs move within the jaw before eruption. The eruptive phase involves tooth movement from within the bone to the oral cavity. Post-eruptive movements maintain tooth position as the jaws grow. Theories on the mechanisms controlling eruption and resorption are also presented, along with cellular and molecular factors such as the dental follicle that regulate eruption.39.erosion
39.erosionNehal Vithlani
Ìý
Erosion is the chemical process of tooth substance loss without bacterial involvement. It occurs when tooth surfaces are exposed to acids from intrinsic sources like gastric reflux or vomiting, or extrinsic sources like acidic foods and beverages. Clinical features include smooth lesions on the front teeth surfaces that cause hypersensitivity. Radiographs may show radiolucent defects in the crown. Management involves diet control, fluoride use, changing brushing habits, and restorations or systemic treatment depending on the cause of erosion.14.chondroectodermal dysplasia
14.chondroectodermal dysplasiaNehal Vithlani
Ìý
Chondroectodermal dysplasia, also known as Ellis van Creveld syndrome, is a congenital disorder characterized by short limbs, polydactyly, ectodermal dysplasia and congenital heart defects. Key features include small, conical teeth that erupt early, sparse hair and absent nails, as well as bone deformities of the knees and chest wall abnormalities. Radiographs show short finger bones and distinctive tooth shapes. Treatment focuses on surgical correction of physical abnormalities like harelip.15.arhinencephaly
15.arhinencephalyNehal Vithlani
Ìý
Arhinencephaly is a rare developmental abnormality where part of the brain called the olfactory portion is either absent or deficient, resulting in abnormalities of the skull and face. It can cause problems with smell, breathing, and feeding. Individuals with arhinencephaly may have a flat face, widely spaced eyes, and underdeveloped nasal cavities.36.premature exfoliation
36.premature exfoliationNehal Vithlani
Ìý
Premature exfoliation of teeth can be caused by genetic conditions like papillon Lèfevre's syndrome, nutritional disorders such as hypophosphatasia and cycling neutropenia, or other diseases including histiocytosis and acrodynia. Clinically, it results in bone loss around teeth and the loosening, migration, and spontaneous loss of teeth. The only management is to address the underlying etiological factors causing premature exfoliation when possible.Biology of tooth_movement
Biology of tooth_movementIndian dental academy
Ìý
This document discusses the biology of tooth movement during orthodontic treatment. It explains that tooth movement results from forces applied to the teeth that evoke cellular responses in surrounding structures like the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and gingiva. It also discusses various theories of tooth movement, including the bioelectric theory which relates tooth movement to changes in bone metabolism controlled by electric signals produced when bone bends, and the role of piezoelectricity.7.hemi maxillofacial dysplasia
7.hemi maxillofacial dysplasiaNehal Vithlani
Ìý
Hemi-maxillofacial dysplasia is a condition characterized by painless unilateral enlargement of the maxillary bone and fibrous hyperplasia of the gingiva. It most commonly affects younger patients and may be associated with other conditions like Becker's nevus. Radiographs show thickened, vertically oriented trabeculae in the maxilla giving it a granular appearance, along with a smaller maxillary sinus on the affected side. The diagnosis is based on clinical features of unilateral maxillary enlargement and gingival hyperplasia along with radiographic findings. Treatment involves orthodontic therapy and potentially orthognathic surgery.Occlusion presentation
Occlusion presentationHamzeh AlBattikhi
Ìý
This document discusses dental occlusion and alignment. It defines key terms like occlusion, centric occlusion, and malocclusion. Ideal occlusion occurs when the teeth are aligned so that masticatory loads are within normal limits and bilateral jaw movement is possible. Normal occlusion is classified by Angle's classification and involves specific tooth relationships. Malocclusion is any anomaly that interferes with function. The document also discusses anatomical tooth alignment, mandibular posture, radiographic examination, and clinical considerations like tooth variations, fractures, and risks during extraction.1.microdontia
1.microdontiaNehal Vithlani
Ìý
Microdontia refers to teeth that are smaller than normal. There are three main types: true generalized microdontia where all teeth are smaller, related generalized where teeth are normally or slightly smaller, and localized where a single tooth is affected. Affected teeth are often the maxillary lateral incisors and third molars. Diagnosis can be made by clinical examination of tooth size, and radiographs can show size of erupted and unerupted teeth. Treatment may involve crown and bridge work for aesthetic rehabilitation when teeth are significantly smaller.3.micrognathia
3.micrognathiaNehal Vithlani
Ìý
Micrognathia is a condition where the jaw, most commonly the mandible, is severely deficient. There are two types - apparent micrognathia which is an illusion and true micrognathia where the jaw is actually small. True micrognathia can be congenital or acquired and is associated with other birth defects or injuries from forceps delivery or ankylosis. Clinical features include a retracted middle face, retruded chin, and steep mandibular angle with the jaw being too small to feed properly in infants. Management may involve orthognathic surgery.9.dilaceration
9.dilacerationNehal Vithlani
Ìý
Dilaceration is a bending or curvature of a tooth root caused by either trauma that displaces the calcified portion during development or a developmental defect. It most commonly occurs in maxillary incisors and is diagnosed radiographically by observing the curved root. Management can be difficult and involves restoring a dilacerated crown to improve function and prevent dental issues, while extraction may require special care due to the root curvature.Edge wise technique 1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...
Edge wise technique 1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
Ìý
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
6.facial hemiatrophy
6.facial hemiatrophyNehal Vithlani
Ìý
Facial hemiatrophy, also known as Parry Romberg syndrome, is characterized by slowly progressive wasting of the soft tissues on half of the face. Key features include a white line furrow on one side of the face near the midline, thinning of tissues under the skin including fat, cartilage, and bone, and a sharp line of demarcation between normal and affected skin resembling a scar. Radiographic imaging reveals reduction in the size of bones on the affected side of the face compared to the unaffected side. There is no known cause, and treatment involves surgical reconstruction and orthodontic management.40.abfraction
40.abfractionNehal Vithlani
Ìý
Abfraction is the loss of tooth structure caused by flexure from occlusal stresses on the teeth. It typically affects the buccal or labial cervical areas, presenting as wedge-shaped lesions with sharp line angles. Abfraction results from eccentric forces during occlusion that weaken the tooth's ability to withstand stresses, especially when combined with erosion or abrasion, leading to tissue loss over time.Tooth eruption and shedding
Tooth eruption and sheddingAditya Shinde
Ìý
The document discusses tooth eruption and shedding. It defines tooth eruption and describes the various stages of eruption including pre-eruptive, eruptive, and posteruptive movements. It discusses the patterns, histology, and theories of tooth eruption. Key stages include pre-eruptive tooth movements within the jaw, eruption through the bone and oral mucosa, and posteruptive movements to maintain position. Theories discussed include bone remodeling, root growth, hydrostatic pressure, and periodontal ligament traction.26.dentinogenesis imperfecta
26.dentinogenesis imperfectaNehal Vithlani
Ìý
Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary condition that affects the dentin and manifests in several subtypes. Shield type I is associated with osteogenesis imperfecta and causes fragile bones and blue sclera. Teeth appear blue, brown, or yellowish-brown. Shield type II is a more severe form of Shield type I but is not associated with osteogenesis imperfecta. Shield type III causes thin enamel and dentin, opalescent and bell-shaped teeth, and multiple pulp exposures. Radiographs show tooth attrition, constricted cervical portions, obliterated pulp chambers, and periapical radiolucencies without pulpal involvement. Diagnosis is based on rapid enamel loss and attritionClasssification of rpd
Classsification of rpdNavydent Dent
Ìý
The document discusses various classification systems for partially edentulous arches that have been proposed over time. It describes the primary classes and features of classification systems proposed by Swenson, Cummer, Kennedy, Bailyn, Neurohr, Mauk, Godfrey, Beckett, Friedman, Austin-Lidge, Skinner, and Applegate-Kennedy. The classification systems are based on factors like the number, position and length of edentulous spaces and number/position of remaining teeth. The Applegate-Kennedy system is highlighted as the most commonly used today for its simplicity.Mechanisms of Tooth Eruption
Mechanisms of Tooth EruptionMaylord Demol
Ìý
The document summarizes the mechanism of tooth eruption in humans. It describes the three phases of eruption: pre-eruptive, eruptive, and post-eruptive. It also discusses the stages of tooth eruption from initiation of calcification through adulthood. Several theories of eruption are presented involving forces generated beneath and around the tooth or the tooth being pulled out via tension in the periodontal ligament. Factors that influence eruption include the gubernacular cord, alveolar bone growth, root growth, intrapulpal pressure, and the periodontal ligament.Development of dentition & occlusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by ...
Development of dentition & occlusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by ...Indian dental academy
Ìý
Edge wise technique 1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...
Edge wise technique 1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
Ìý
More from Nehal Vithlani (20)
18.gardner's syndrome
18.gardner's syndromeNehal Vithlani
Ìý
Gardner's syndrome is a hereditary condition caused by a gene on chromosome 5 that results in multiple intestinal polyps and bone growths. Patients commonly experience colonic polyps that have a high risk of becoming cancerous, as well as benign bone tumors (osteomas) in the jaw, face and skull that can cause facial deformities and restricted mouth opening. Diagnosis involves detecting unerupted teeth and jaw osteomas on radiological exams. Treatment requires preventative removal of the colon due to the high cancer risk and surgery to remove jaw osteomas for cosmetic purposes.17.ectodermal dysplasia
17.ectodermal dysplasiaNehal Vithlani
Ìý
Ectodermal dysplasia is a group of inherited diseases where two or more ectodermally derived structures are underdeveloped. It can be inherited in autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked patterns. Clinical features include sparse, fine hair and eyebrows, a saddle nose appearance, heat intolerance, and absence of sweat glands. Oral manifestations include missing teeth (oligodontia or anodontia), a high palate, and possible cleft palate. Radiographs show absence of teeth and a thin, less vertical alveolar process. Dentures and dental implants can be used to manage the condition for functional and cosmetic purposes.10.mandibulofacial dysostosis
10.mandibulofacial dysostosisNehal Vithlani
Ìý
Mandibulofacial dysostosis is a genetic condition caused by the failure of neural crest cells to migrate properly during facial development. It is characterized by underdeveloped bones and tissues of the midface and jaw. Common features include a small lower jaw, high arched palate, cleft palate, unusually large mouth, downward slanted eyes, and varying degrees of vision problems and tooth abnormalities. Treatment focuses on cosmetic surgery to improve facial structure and hearing.9.craniofacial dysostosis
9.craniofacial dysostosisNehal Vithlani
Ìý
Craniofacial dysostosis is a rare genetic disorder characterized by distinctive skull and facial bone malformations that are present at birth or become evident in infancy. Key features include premature fusion of skull bone sutures leading to an abnormally shaped head, facial abnormalities like bulging eyes, and dental issues like a high arched palate and crowding. Diagnosis involves examining characteristic facial features and skull x-rays showing thin bone walls and indentations. Treatment may include surgeries to correct facial structure and relieve pressure on the brain.8.cleidocranial dysplasia
8.cleidocranial dysplasiaNehal Vithlani
Ìý
Cleidocranial dysplasia is a genetic condition characterized by incomplete penetrance that primarily affects the skull, clavicles, and dentition. Key features include a brachycephalic skull with sunken sutures and depressed nasal bridge, absence or malformation of clavicles causing shoulders to meet in the midline, retained primary teeth and delayed permanent tooth eruption, and supernumerary teeth. Radiographs show open skull sutures, absence or malformation of clavicles, and dental anomalies. Diagnosis is based on the shoulder meeting in the midline and dental and skeletal features. Management focuses on dental care including extraction of supernumerary teeth while skull and clavicle anomalies require no1.definitions
1.definitionsNehal Vithlani
Ìý
This document defines several genetic terms: congenital means present at birth but not necessarily inherited; hereditary means apparent at birth but may not show for years; autosomal dominant inheritance affects every person with an affected parent and is transmitted to offspring; autosomal recessive only affects siblings and has a 1 in 4 chance in siblings; X-linked dominant exhibits higher in females due to twice as many X chromosomes and females transmit to half offspring; X-linked recessive is much higher in males than females.5.facial hemihypertrophy
5.facial hemihypertrophyNehal Vithlani
Ìý
Facial hemihypertrophy is a condition where one side of the face and sometimes parts of the body are enlarged. It can be caused by endocrine dysfunction, genetic factors, vascular abnormalities, or neurogenic malformations. Clinically, it involves enlargement of structures on one side of the face like the eyelids, cheeks, lips, and bones. Radiographs show bone and tooth enlargement on the affected side. Diagnosis is made by noticing facial asymmetry clinically and seeing bone and tooth enlargement on imaging. Management focuses on cosmetic repair through procedures like soft tissue reduction, face lifts, and jaw surgery.4.macrognathia
4.macrognathiaNehal Vithlani
Ìý
Macrognathia refers to an abnormally large jaw, which can be caused by conditions like pituitary gigantism, Paget's disease of bone, or acromegaly in adults. Clinical features of macrognathia include mandibular protrusion, an enlarged mandible, a gummy smile showing excessive gums, a prominent chin button, and a less steep angle between the ramus and body of the mandible. Treatment may involve osteotomy to decrease the length of the mandible followed by orthodontic treatment.2.agnathia
2.agnathiaNehal Vithlani
Ìý
Agnathia is a rare condition where one or both jaws are totally absent. It can cause the upper face to appear normal while the lower face skin continues into the neck area. The tongue may be rudimentary while ears can be deformed. Though difficult, surgical reconstruction should be carried out to reconstruct the jaws.41.resorption of teeth
41.resorption of teethNehal Vithlani
Ìý
Tooth resorption is the chronic damage or loss of tooth structure caused by odontoclast cells. It can occur physiologically or pathologically. External resorption occurs when odontoclasts are in the periodontal ligament, while internal resorption happens when they are located in the dentine pulp.38.abrasion
38.abrasionNehal Vithlani
Ìý
Abrasion is the pathological wearing away of tooth substance caused by external abrasive agents. It can be caused by abrasive dentifrices, horizontal tooth brushing with heavy pressure, occupational or ritual abrasion, or dental floss or toothpicks. Clinically, abrasion appears as V-shaped lesions on exposed tooth roots and causes sensitivity as dentin is exposed. Radiographically, abrasion shows as radiolucent defects at the cervical level of teeth with increasing density borders that are semi-lunar in shape. Management involves modifying teeth cleaning habits, removing the cause, and performing restorations.37.attrition
37.attritionNehal Vithlani
Ìý
Physiological attrition is the wearing away of teeth due to normal tooth contact during chewing. It helps maintain a proper crown-to-root ratio and allows for third molar eruption. Pathological attrition occurs due to abnormalities like abnormal chewing habits, coarse foods, or structural defects. Clinical features include polished facets on tooth surfaces and a gradual reduction in cusp height. Radiographs show shortened crowns and thickened secondary dentin. Management focuses on habit correction, treating malocclusions, and addressing sensitivity issues.35.ectopic eruption
35.ectopic eruptionNehal Vithlani
Ìý
Ectopic eruption occurs when teeth erupt in abnormal locations, not their normal positions. Large teeth or a small jaw can cause this, as well as local developmental issues. Teeth may erupt lingually rather than normally, and can cause root resorption or premature loss if they become locked in place. Management involves using brass looped wires to guide teeth into proper positions.34.eruption sequestrum
34.eruption sequestrumNehal Vithlani
Ìý
Eruption sequestrum occurs when small fragments of bone separate from the jaw as a molar tooth erupts. A tiny irregular spicule of non-viable bone overlies the crown of the erupting tooth within soft tissues. As the tooth continues erupting, the bone fragment completely separates and is lost through the mucosa. Radiographically, it appears as an irregular opacity overlying the central fossa but separated from the tooth. Removal of the spicule is only necessary if it causes issues during eruption.32.ankylosis or submerged teeth
32.ankylosis or submerged teethNehal Vithlani
Ìý
Submerged teeth are deciduous teeth that have undergone root resorption and become fused to the alveolar bone through ankylosis. Ankylosis can occur due to factors like trauma, infection, or abnormal tongue pressure and prevents the normal exfoliation and replacement of deciduous teeth with permanent teeth. Clinically, ankylosed teeth lack mobility and have a solid sound upon percussion. Radiographically, there is a partial or complete absence of the periodontal ligament space seen normally around the tooth root. Surgical excision may be required if the ankylosed tooth does not exfoliate on its own.31.embedded and impacted teeth
31.embedded and impacted teethNehal Vithlani
Ìý
Embedded teeth are unerupted teeth due to a lack of eruptive forces, while impacted teeth are prevented from erupting by a physical barrier. Common causes include lack of space, tooth rotation, and systemic diseases. Third molars are most frequently affected, and complications can arise like dentigerous cysts, periodontal infections near impacted teeth, and resorption of adjacent tooth roots. Surgical exposure or removal may be required to address problems caused by impacted teeth, with potential short-term complications including sensory loss, trismus, and infection.30.premature eruption
30.premature eruptionNehal Vithlani
Ìý
Premature eruption of teeth can occur before the normal eruption time due to familial patterns or endocrine disorders affecting the thyroid, adrenals, or gonads. Typically only one or two teeth, most commonly the mandibular central incisors, erupt early and may be mobile. Delayed eruption can be caused by systemic conditions like rickets or local factors such as dense gingival tissue that prevents eruption, resulting in partially impacted teeth, deviations in eruption path, or pseudo anodontia. Extraction of premature teeth followed by space maintenance is often used to allow for normal eruption of permanent teeth.28.regional odontodysplasia
28.regional odontodysplasiaNehal Vithlani
Ìý
Regional odontodysplasia is a developmental anomaly affecting the ectodermal and mesodermal components of tooth development, causing teeth to be small, mottled brown, and hypocalcified. It most commonly impacts the central and lateral incisors. Radiographically, affected teeth appear ghost-like with reduced density and large pulp chambers. While the etiology is uncertain, factors like trauma, infection, and vascular defects have been suggested. Clinical diagnosis is based on irregular tooth shape and brown discoloration, while radiographs reveal a shell-like appearance. Treatment typically involves early extraction and prosthetic replacement, though restorative procedures like root canals may attempt to save affected teeth.27.dentine dysplasia
27.dentine dysplasiaNehal Vithlani
Ìý
Dentine dysplasia is a rare genetic disorder characterized by abnormal dentin formation and pulp morphology. There are two main types - Shield Type I, which affects the roots and causes extremely small, translucent teeth with excessive mobility. Shield Type II affects both the roots and crowns, resulting in differences in tooth color and normal root size. Radiographs reveal short, conical roots with obliterated pulp chambers and canals for Shield Type I, and a "thistle tube" appearance with multiple pulp stones for Shield Type II. Proper oral hygiene and endodontic treatments are recommended for management.23.supernumerary teeth
23.supernumerary teethNehal Vithlani
Ìý
Supernumerary teeth, also known as hyperdontia, are any teeth or tooth structure found in excess of the usual 20 deciduous or 32 permanent teeth. They can develop due to phylogenetic reversion, tooth bud splitting, or hyperactivity of the dental lamina. Supernumerary teeth are often inherited in an autosomal dominant trait and may be associated with genetic syndromes. They can be supplemental teeth that duplicate normal anatomy or rudimentary dysmorphic teeth. Supernumerary teeth frequently prevent normal teeth from erupting and can cause crowding, root resorption, and malformation of adjacent teeth. Radiographs are used to locate unerupted supernumerary teeth and check for cyst formation, while33.transposition
- 2. General information Tooth may be found occupying an unusual position in relation to other teeth, in the dental arch, that is two teeth apparently exchanging their position
- 3. Clinical features Permanent canine is most often involved with its position interchange with lateral incisor second premolar is infrequently found between first and second molar transposition of Central and lateral incisor is rare transposition does not occur in primary dentition
- 4. Radiographic features It can be recognised on radiograph by an unusual sequence of teeth in dental arch
- 5. Management These teeth can be prosthetically altered to improve function anaesthetics