3D printing: Consumers, copyright and challenges?
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3D printing technologies are developing rapidly and raising copyright issues. The document discusses the history of 3D printing and additive manufacturing. It examines how 3D printing may challenge existing copyright frameworks as digital files can be easily copied and shared. Open licensing models are discussed as an alternative to address these challenges, with examples like RepRap that use open licenses. Stakeholders may respond through licensing agreements, digital rights management, or legal changes to copyright laws and limitations.
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3D printing: Consumers, copyright and challenges?
- 1. 3D printing Consumers, copyright, and challenges? Centre for Information and Innovation Law (CIIR)9.5.2017 sebastian.felix.schwemer@jur.ku.dk @schwemer
- 3. direct digital fabrication rapid prototyping 3D printing
- 4. Industry standard term used by the American Society for Testing and Materials additive manufacturing: the process of joining materials to make objects from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing methodologies
- 6. A short history Learnings from the past Copyright issues 20-25 min Co-creation
- 9. Editorial in The Economist, February 2012 Just as nobody could have predicted the impact of the steam engine in 1750 or the printing press in 1450, or the transistor in 1950 it is impossible to foresee the long-term impact of 3D printing. But the technology is coming, and it is likely to disrupt every field it touches
- 10. Hypecycle Expectations Innovation trigger Peak of inflated expectations Disilllusionment Enlightenment Productivity
- 11. * By no means exhaustive Patent granted to Wyn Kelly Swainson 3d printing started to get established Late 1970s 1977 3D printing term coined at MIT 1995 FDM (Fusion Deposition Modelling) patent expired 2009 Carl R. Deckards Laser-sintering patent expired 2014 Method, medium and apparatus for producing three- dimensional figure product" Organovo MMX first bioprinter RepRap project (Adrian Bowyer) 2006 ThePirateBay Physibles 2012 The Economist: The third industrial revolution 3D printers becoming significantly cheaper
- 13. 20th century 1450 1694 1710 1960s 1970s 1980s 1999 2003 21st
- 14. 1886 1450 1694 1710 1961 1994 1996 Berner Konvention Rome Convention TRIPS WIPO Internet Treaties * And many more 1820s Bilaterale aftaler 2001 InfoSoc
- 15. ProtectionofDatabases(96/9/EC) SatelliteandCableRetransm.(93/83/EC) RentalandLendingRights(2006/115/EC) ProtectionofComputerPrograms(2009/24/EC) Resaleright(2001/84/EC) Term of Protection (2011/77/EU) InfoSoc (2001/29) Orphan Works (2012/28/EU) Civil enforcement (2004/48/EC) CollectiveRightsMgmt(2014/26/EU) Proposal: Copyright in the Digital Single Market Proposal: Geoblocking Regulation Portability Regulation
- 16. (drawing, model, mould... files & models)
- 17. Originality The creation is the authors own original creation. The creation reflects his/her personality. The author, in conjunction with the creation of his/her work, has been able to express his/her creative ability by making free and creative choices and thus stamping his/her personal touch on the work.
- 18. Copyright protected works: CAD files scans vs. (new) files using software? Copies, derivate works...
- 19. Legality of CAD files...
- 20. Limitations and exceptions Private copying New interpretations?
- 21. Design Copyright
- 24. Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance Lawsuits (Napster, Grokster MGM etc.) DRM, DMCA, InfoSoc etc. Piracy, revenue decrease New business models (artists, streaming)
- 25. Another spin: OS
- 26. Rank License % 1 GNU General Public License (v. 2+3) 44,3 2 Apache License 2.0 12,8 3 MIT License 11,3 4 BSD License 6,8 5 Artistic License (Perl) 6,3 Open Source licenes (2013)
- 27. (Open hardware licenses TAPR OHL, CERN OHL, Hardware Design Public License, BALLOON License and Chumby HDK) Company License RepRap GNU GPL v 2 or any newer version Ultimaker CC BY NC 3.0 MakerBot Industries Some printers CC BY NC 3.0, and some GNU GPL v 3 PrintrBot CC BY SA 3.0 Fab@Home BSD
- 29. RepRap project Replicating Rapid-prototyper: self-replicating machine; all designs free under the GNU General Public Licence MUCH CHEAPER (1% of printing costs of commercial but lower quality) Reactions: conventional 3D manufactureres ignored, Startups built on it (MakerBot) Inspired Fab@Home open source project
- 30. Co-Creation
- 33. Licensing models (Hasbro Mylittlepony + shapeways, Materialise + adidas) Exclusivity: broader ta in design law (non-commercial + private use)
- 36. Scalable license agreements? CAD files, content ID and DRMs?
- 37. Technological and legal responses Levy on hardware or software Return of TPMs Revisit framework and harmonization
- 38. Centre for Information and Innovation Law (CIIR) sebastian.felix.schwemer@jur.ku.dk Thank you @schwemer
- 39. Credits Creative commons attribution 3d-Printer by Michael Sj淡rup Christiansen (Noun Project) push pull by Robert S. Donovan (Flickr) Pirate by Simon Child (Noun Porject) Casette by mathies janssen (Noun Project) VHS Tape by Lo誰c Poivet (Noun Project) CD by Edward Boatman (Noun Project) Printing Press by Mike Wirth (Noun Project) Biopic by Yi Chen (Noun Project) Scream by Vallone Design (Noun Project) RepRap v2 'Mendel (Wikimedia)