3D&4D operation guideline
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This document provides guidelines for obtaining good quality 3D and 4D ultrasound images. It discusses factors such as gestational age, fetal position, amniotic fluid levels, and lack of fetal coverage that can affect image quality. It also outlines how to optimize 2D image parameters before capturing 3D/4D images and adjust 3D/4D parameters like rendering mode, voxel of interest size, angle, threshold, and others. The key is to prepare the 2D image properly and adjust the 3D/4D parameters to focus on the desired region of the fetus with clear boundaries and low noise.
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This presentation offers a comprehensive overview of Diabetes Mellitus based on Chapter 3 of standard medical texts. It covers the classification (Type 1, Type 2, GDM), metabolic disturbances, acute complications (DKA, HHS, hypoglycemia), and chronic complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, diabetic foot, infections, macrovascular disease).
Designed for nursing, medical, and allied health students, this slide deck highlights key points on pathophysiology, clinical signs, diagnostic criteria, pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic management, and preventive care strategies.
Clear and structured format
Helpful for academic presentations and exam prep
Suitable for BSN, Post-RN, and healthcare educatorsMoving the Efficacy Needle With Immunotherapy in Melanoma: Modern Standards a...
Moving the Efficacy Needle With Immunotherapy in Melanoma: Modern Standards a...PVI, PeerView Institute for Medical Education
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Chair and Presenter, Hussein Tawbi, MD, PhD, Prof. Paolo Antonio Ascierto, MD, and Isabella C. Glitza Oliva, MD, PhD, discuss melanoma in this CME/MOC/AAPA/IPCE activity titled Moving the Efficacy NeedleWith Immunotherapy in Melanoma: Modern Standards and Next-Gen Strategies in Resectable and Unresectable Disease. For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME/MOC/AAPA/IPCE information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/3S0Ihc6. CME/MOC/AAPA/IPCE credit will be available until June 30, 2026.Yoga Postures to Practice for Holistic (Physical, Mental, and Cognitive) Well...
Yoga Postures to Practice for Holistic (Physical, Mental, and Cognitive) Well...Bhoj Raj Singh
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An ancient System for holistic health (mental and physical) and wellbeing, is a scientific art of living with harmony (connecting) of mind and body. Although much more ancient than Patanjali, who documented yoga systematically about 2000 years ago, Patanjali is often referred to as the "father of modern yoga."
Yoga postures are commonly depicted in ancient paintings, carvings, and sculptures in almost all civilizations and religions, thus Yoga cant be described as an act of Hinduism. It originated long before any religion on Earth, with the emergence of life on the Planet. All yoga poses are natural, and what is not natural is not yoga; it is油Viyoga.
Besides Vedic Yoga, Hatha, Vinyasa, Ashtanga, Iyengar, Yin, Restorative, Kundalini, Bikram, Sahaj, and Power yoga are some popular types.
Vinyasa油Yoga is the closest form to Vedic Yoga; it is known for its flowing movements, not very rigorous, not too much straining, actions flow with the breath.
Though all yoga may lead to meditation (Dhyan) for your inner upliftment, it is not the same as described in Hinduism for self-liberation.
In Hinduism, different paths of life looking distinct but can be practiced all together, they are: Karma Yoga (selfless action and service), Bhakti Yoga (devotion and love for God or Godly power), Jnana (Gyan) Yoga (gaining knowledge for self-realization through wisdom), Dhyan Yoga (meditation) and Kriya Yoga (optimum utilization of your vital and muscular energy).油
Anesthetic Evaluation & Management in Pregnancy with APH.pdf
Anesthetic Evaluation & Management in Pregnancy with APH.pdfDr Anik Roy Chowdhury
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Dr. Anik Roy Chowdhury
MBBS, BCS (Health), DA, MD Resident
Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital (ShSMCH)Diabetes Mellitus Chapter 3 | Pathophysiology, Complications & Management
Diabetes Mellitus Chapter 3 | Pathophysiology, Complications & ManagementPKLI-Institute of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences Lahore , Pakistan.
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Moving the Efficacy Needle With Immunotherapy in Melanoma: Modern Standards a...
Moving the Efficacy Needle With Immunotherapy in Melanoma: Modern Standards a...PVI, PeerView Institute for Medical Education
油
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3D&4D operation guideline
- 1. How to Get a Good 3D/4D Image Conception and classification Static 3D Use volume probe Automatic scanning by probe Single frame image 4D / Real-time 3D Use volume probe Automatic scanning by probe Dynamic video This guideline only refers to Static 3D and 4D
- 2. Factors affecting image quality Fetal condition Gestational age 鐚 fetuses of 22~26 weeks old are the most appropriate for 3D/4D imaging Fetal body postureRecommended 鐚 cephalic face up (figure A) or face aside (figure B) 鐚 not recommended: cephalic face down (figure C) How to Get a Good 3D/4D Image A B C
- 3. Factors affecting image quality Fetal condition Amniotic fluid isolatio 鐚 the region desired should be isolated by amniotic fluid adequately How to Get a Good 3D/4D Image Inadequate Amniotic Fluid around Fetal Face
- 4. Factors affecting image quality Fetal condition Covering condition 鐚 the region desired should not be covered by placenta 鐚 limbs or umbilical cord How to Get a Good 3D/4D Image Fetal Face Covered by Hands
- 5. Factors affecting image quality 2D image quality Scanning planes 鐚 the ideal scanning planes are sagittal plane 鐚 oblique coronal plane and coronal plane 鐚 which correspond to the front 鐚 oblique lateral and lateral fetal face How to Get a Good 3D/4D Image Sagittal in 2D Front in 3D/4D Oblique Coronal in 2D Oblique Lateral in 3D/4D Coronal in 2D Lateral in 3D/4D
- 6. Factors affecting image quality 2D image quality Parameters 鐚 before entering 3D/4D capture 鐚 optimize 2D image to assure 鐚 High contrast between the desired region and the amniotic fluid surrounded 鐚 Dynamic Range 鐚 Gray Map Clear boundary of the desired region 鐚 Focus Position 鐚 TSI 鐚 Gain Low noise of the amniotic fluid area 鐚 iClear 鐚 Noise Reject 鐚 Focus Position Proper size and position of ROI 鐚 set ROI in the largest section area of the fetal face 鐚 and a little larger in size than fetal head How to Get a Good 3D/4D Image
- 7. How to Get a Good 3D/4D Image ROI doesnt Contain the Largest Section ROI Contains the Largest Section Too Shallow ROI Too Deep ROI Too Big ROI Too Small ROI
- 8. How to Get a Good 3D/4D Image ROI in Proper Position 鐚 Depth and Size
- 9. Parameter adjusting in 3D/4D Rendering mode Surface 鐚 for the imaging of surface of fetus 鐚 such as face 鐚 arms 鐚 hands 鐚 legs 鐚 feet 鐚 etc. Max 鐚 for the imaging of bones Min 鐚 for the imaging of hollow structures 鐚 such blood vessels 鐚 etc. X Ray 鐚 for the imaging of tumors or tissues with different structure inside How to Get a Good 3D/4D Image
- 10. How to Get a Good 3D/4D Image Surface Max Min X Ray
- 11. Parameter adjusting in 3D/4D VOI Adjusting the VOI box size and position is to select the volume data needed to render the 3D/4D image and improve rendering effect How to Get a Good 3D/4D Image Too Big VOI Too Small VOI Proper VOI
- 12. Parameter adjusting in 3D/4D Angle Set the angle that the probe covers during a fan scanning Wide angle will decrease the frame rate How to Get a Good 3D/4D Image Too Narrow Angle Proper Angle
- 13. Parameter adjusting in 3D/4D Threshold 3D/4D image is rendered using the signal above threshold Signals below threshold (such as the noise) will be filtered Only used in Surface rendering mode How to Get a Good 3D/4D Image Too Low Threshold Proper Threshold
- 14. Parameter adjusting in 3D/4D Other parameters Smoothness 鐚 to set the smoothness of 3D/4D image. Insufficient smoothness can result in a fuzzy image 鐚 over smoothness will lead to image distortion Transparency 鐚 to set the transparency value for 3D/4D image rendering. The higher the number 鐚 the more transparent the gray scale information. Only used in Surface rendering mode Brightness 鐚 to set the brightness of 3D/4D image Contrast 鐚 to set the contrast of 3D/4D image How to Get a Good 3D/4D Image
- 15. Notice A good 3D/4D image not only depends on the performance of ultrasound system 鐚 but also closely relates to fetal condition and doctors skills How to Get a Good 3D/4D Image