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Unit 3: Pillars of Embedded IoT and
Physical Devices
1 Jaydeep Patil AISSMS IOIT Pune

Contents
? Horizontal, verticals and four pillars of IoT: M2M,
RFID, WSN, SCADA
? DCM: Device, Connect and Manage
? IoT Physical Devices and Endpoints
? Exemplary Device: Raspberry Pi
? Raspberry Pi Interfaces & Programming
? Beagle Board and Other IoT Devices

Horizontal, Verticals & Four Pillars of
IoT
? One of the common characteristics of the IoT is
that objects in a IoT world have to be
instrumented, interconnected, before anything
can be intelligently processed and used
anywhere, anytime, anyway and anyhow,
which are 5A and 3I characteristics.
? Another common feature that IoT brought to ICT
is the way information is generated.

? To achieve such 5A and 3I capabilities, some
common, horizontal, general-purpose
technologies, standards and platforms, especially
middleware platforms based on common data
representations have to be established to support
various vertical applications effectively and
unlimited new applications can be added.
? E.g. standard wired and wireless networks,
DBMS, Security Framework, web-based three-
tiered middleware, multitenant PaaS, SOA
(Service Oriented Arch) interface��

Key benefits of Horizontal standard
based platforms
? Faster and less costly application development
? More highly functional, robust and secure
applications.
? Application Developers need not have to
understand the entire value chain
? Will increase the rate of innovation in the industry

Four Pillars of IoT
? M2M: Machine to Machine
? RFID: Radio Frequency Identification
? WSN: Wireless Sensor Networks
? SCADA: Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition

4 Pillars & related networks

4 Pillars & their relevance Networks

M2M: The Internet of Devices
? In US M2M is more popular than IoT
? M2M, RFID and WSN are similar, but when the
underlying communication network is considered,
then they are different.
? M2M mostly uses cellular wireless networks,
sometimes wired or hybrid, to connect to central
server (software program)

Application areas for Cellular
M2M
? Medical: Wireless medical device
? Security: Home alarm & surveillance
? Utility: Smart metering
? Manufacturing: Industrial automation
? Automotive: Tracking vehicles
? Transport: Traffic systems
? Advertising & public messaging: Billboard
? Kiosk: Vending
? Telematics: Fleet management
? Etc��

Key barriers to scaling the global
M2M market
? Lack of local access media
? Fragmented nature of both the technology
vendors and the solutions they provide
? Lack of any single killer application that can
consolidate the market and drive demand forward
? Increased cost of development and integration
? Managements inabilities to highlight the benefits
of M2M

RFID: The Internet of Objects
? IoT first used by Kevin Ashton (Co-founder and
executive director of the Auto-ID Center, when he
was doing research at Massachusetts Institute in
1999
? Auto-ID Lab: a research federation in the field of
networked RFID and emerging sensing
technologies

RFID Tag��
? RFID tag is a simplified, low cost, disposable
contactless smartcard
? Includes a chip to store a static number (ID) and
attributes of the tagged objet and an antenna
? RFID Tags can be active, passive or semipassive
? It tags on an ��unintelligent�� object like pallet or
and animal

RFID value chain & Vendors
Applica
tions
Data
Management
Hardware/Readers
Chips/Tags

WSN: The Internet of
Transducers
? WSN: is more for sensing and information-
collecting purposes
? Recently with the development of WSN, it led to
distributed wireless sensor and actuator networks
(WSANs)
? Extended scope of WSN is the USN (Ubiquitous
Sensor Network), a network of intelligent sensors.

Sensor Network Architecture
? Operator
? Base
Station/sink
? Sensor node

SCADA: The Internet of
Controllers
? Supervisory, Control and Data Acquisition
? Was generally referred as Industrial Control
Systems (ICSs): computer systems that monitor
and control industrial, infrastructure, or facility-
based processes��

SCADA Subsystems
? A human-machine interface (HMI)
? Remote terminal units (RTUs)
? PLCs: Programmable logic controllers
? DCSs: Distributed control systems

DCM
Three layer architecture of IoT
? Device
? Connect
? Manage
Slogan for TongFang Co.Ltd. in 2005
In 2008 Numerex created a better acronym
called DNA (devices, networks and applications)

Device: Things That Talk
? Two categories of devices
? That have inherent intelligence such as electric
meter or heating, ventilation and air-conditioning
(HVAC) controllers and
? That are inert and must be enabled to become
smart devices (e.g. RFID tagged) such as furniture
or animals that can electronically tracked and
monitored �C things that ��talk��

? Devices that perform an input function are
commonly called sensors
? Devices that perform an output function are
generally called actuators

Connect: via Pervasive Networks
? Two major communication technologies
? Wired or wireline networks
? Short-range field bus based access networks
? IP-based networks
? Wireless networks
? Short-range
? Long-range
? Satellite IoT

Manage: To create new business
value
? Present market scenario is customer-driven and
technology based
? Along with best customer service it is required to
extend more offerings to meet current customer
demands
? IoT brings enormous possibilities and potentials
for creating new business value and generating
new revenue ecosystems.

IoT Physical Devices and
Endpoints
? Basic building blocks of and IoT device
? Exemplary device: Raspberry Pi
? Raspberry Pi interfaces
? Programming Raspberry Pi with Python
? Beagle board and Other IoT Devices

What is an IoT Device?
? ��Thing�� or ��Device��
? An object with unique identifier
? Capable of sending and receiving data over a
network
? Connected to internet and sending information
about themselves or about their surroundings
? Allow actuation upon the physical entities or
environment around them remotely.

Basic Building blocks of an IoT
Device
Functional attributes
? Sensing
? Actuation
? Communication
? Analysis &
Processing

Raspberry Pi (Model B, Revision
2)
? Processor: Single Core ARM1176JZ-F, 700MHz
? RAM: 512MB SDRAM
? USB Ports: Two USB 2.0 ports
? Ethernet Port: Standard RJ45
? HDMI Output
? Composite Video Output: RCA Jack supporting PAL & NTSC
video output
? Audio Output: 3.5mm jack
? GPIO Pins: 26 pins
? Display Serial Interface: DSI
? Camera Serial Interface: CSI)
? SD Card Slot
? Power Input
? Status LEDs

Raspberry Pi Interfaces
? Serial
? SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface): five pins
? MISO (Master In Slave Out)
? MOSI (Master Out Slave In)
? SCK (Serial Clock)
? CE0 (Chip Enable 0)
? CE1 (Chip Enable 1)
? I2C: Two pins
? SDA (Data Line)
? SCL (Clock line)

The Raspberry Pi 3 (Latest)
? It replaced the Raspberry Pi 2 Model B in February
2016.
? Quad Core 1.2GHz Broadcom BCM2837 64bit CPU
? 1GB RAM
? BCM43438 wireless LAN and Bluetooth Low Energy
(BLE) on board
? 40-pin extended GPIO
? 4 USB 2 ports
? 4 Pole stereo output and composite video port
? Full size HDMI
? CSI camera port for connecting a Raspberry Pi camera
? DSI display port for connecting a Raspberry Pi
touchscreen display
? Micro SD port for loading your operating system and
storing data

Programming Raspberry Pi with
Python
? Controlling LED
? Interfacing and LED and switch
? Interfacing and LDR

Other IoT Devices
? pcDuino
? BeagleBone Black

References
? T2: Honbo Zhou, ��The Internet of Things in the
Cloud: A Middleware Perspective�� Chapter No. 03
? T1: Arshdeep Bahga, Vijay Madisetti, ��Internet of
Things �C A hands-on approach�� Chapter No. 07

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3.pillars of embedded io t and physical devices

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3.pillars of embedded io t and physical devices