1. The passage describes a dialogue between Justin and his father about the early Filipinos. 2. Justin initially thought the early Filipinos were lazy because they lived in caves instead of houses, but his father corrected him, saying they had a simple yet hard way of life. 3. Justin's father explained that the early Filipinos hunted wild animals with bows and arrows or spears for food, and sometimes ate raw meat, showing their life was difficult compared to modern times.