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4.0 GROUND MANEUVERING
4.1 General Information
4.2 Turning Radii, No Slip Angle
4.3 Minimum Turning Radii
4.4 Visibility from Cockpit
4.5 Runway and Taxiway Turn Paths
4.6 Runway Holding Bay (Apron)
MDC K9099OCTOBER 2002

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OCTOBER 2002MDC K9099

4.0 GROUND MANEUVERING
4.1 General Information
This section provides airplane turning capability and maneuvering characteristics.
For ease of presentation, these data have been determined from the theoretical limits imposed by the
geometry of the aircraft, and where noted, provide for a normal allowance for tire slippage. As such, they
reflect the turning capability of the aircraft in favorable operating circumstances. The data should only be
used as guidelines for determining such parameters and to obtain the maneuvering characteristics of this
aircraft type.
In the ground operating mode, varying airline practices may demand that more conservative turning
procedures be adopted. Airline operating techniques will vary in level of performance over a wide range
of circumstances throughout the world. Variations from standard aircraft operating patterns may be
necessary to satisfy physical constraints within the maneuvering area, such as adverse grades, limited
space, or high risk of jet blast damage. For these reasons, ground maneuvering requirements should be
coordinated with the using airlines prior to layout planning.
MDC K9099OCTOBER 2002 4-1

R3*
R4
R5
R6
4.2 TURNING RADII, NO SLIP ANGLE
MODEL MD-90-30/-30ER
50
45
55
60
65
70
R1
TURNING RADII DEPICTED
REPRESENT GEOMETRIC
TURN CENTERS
TURNING CENTERS
MAXIMUM
NOTE: ACTUAL OPERATING DATA MAY BE GREATER
THAN VALUES SHOWN SINCE TIRE SLIPPAGE IS
NOT CONSIDERED IN THESE CALCULATIONS.
CONSULT AIRLINE FOR OPERATING PROCEDURES.
*R3 IS MEASURED TO OUTSIDE FACE OF TIRE.
STEERING
ANGLE (DEG)
R1 R2 R3* R4 R5 R6
123.5
67.0
54.6
43.8
34.4
25.8
17.9
10.5
0.6
FT FT FT
37.6
20.4
16.6
13.4
10.5
7.9
5.5
3.2
0.2
143.9
87.4
75.0
64.2
54.8
46.2
38.3
30.9
21.0
43.8
26.6
22.8
19.6
16.7
14.1
11.7
9.4
6.4
155.2
110.0
101.6
95.1
90.0
86.0
83.0
80.7
78.8
47.3
33.5
31.0
29.0
27.4
26.2
25.3
24.6
24.0
188.2
132.0
119.6
109.0
99.6
91.2
83.4
76.1
66.5
57.4
40.2
36.5
33.2
30.4
27.8
25.4
23.2
20.3
158.3
114.6
106.7
100.5
95.8
92.1
89.3
87.2
85.5
48.2
34.9
32.5
30.6
29.2
28.1
27.2
26.6
26.0
168.0
118.6
108.6
100.5
93.7
88.0
83.2
79.1
74.6
51.2
36.1
33.1
30.6
28.6
26.8
25.4
24.1
22.7
30
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
82 MAXIMUM
75
82
R2
STEERING ANGLE
DEGREES (TYP)
M FT M M FT M M FT M
MDC K90994-2 OCTOBER 2002

NOTES:
? 3-DEG TIRE SLIP ANGLE APPROXIMATE FOR
82-DEG NOSE WHEEL DEFLECTION DURING
VERY SLOW TURNING
? CONSULT AIRLINE FOR ACTUAL OPERATING DATA
? NO DIFFERENTIAL BRAKING OR
UNSYMMETRICAL THRUST
? *R3 IS MEASURED TO OUTSIDE FACE OF TIRE
R3* R4 R5 R6
FT M
77.2 15.0 104.7 79.5 70.5 86.1 76.423.5 4.6 31.9 24.2 21.5 26.2 23.379 DEG
EFFECTIVE
TURN
ANGLE
3 DEG
TURN CENTER
NOSE GEAR
TRACK
Y
R3*
R4
R5
4.3 MINIMUM TURNING RADII
STEERING
ANGLE
82 DEG
EFFECTIVE
TURN
79 DEG
MINIMUM
PAVEMENT
WIDTH FOR
180–DEG TURN
A
R6
X
AYX
MFTMFTMFTMFTMFTMFT

11 FT 5 IN. (3.48M)
PILOT’S EYE POSITION
9 FT 6 IN. (2.90 M)
7 FT 7 IN. (2.31 M)
19 IN. (48.3 CM)
CL
28 FT 1 IN.*
(8.56 M)
17.7?
16.9?
127?
MAXIMUM AFT VISION
WITH HEAD ROTATED
ABOUT SPINAL COLUMN
CL
19 IN.
(48.3 CM)
22?
30?
43?
30?
43?
WITH HEAD MOVED
13.5 IN. (34.3 CM)
OUTBOARD
4.4 VISIBILITY FROM COCKPIT IN STATIC POSITION
* INCLUDES 1 NOSE DOWN ATTITUDE
1
NOT TO BE USED FOR
LANDING APPROACH VISIBILITY
22?

150 FT
(45.7 M)
45
DEG
NOSE GEAR STEERING ANGLE = 26?
23 FT (7.0 M)
100 FT R
(30.5 M)
23 FT
(7.0 M)
27.3 FT
(8.32 M)
75 FT
(22.9 M)
LC
LC
4.5 RUNWAY AND TAXIWAY TURN PATHS
4.5.1 MORE THAN 90-DEG TURN -- RUNWAY TO TAXIWAY
MANEUVERING METHOD -- JUDGMENT OVERSTEERING
OUTSIDE EDGE
OF OUTBOARD
GEAR TRACKS
PATH OF NOSE GEAR TIRE EDGE
NOTE:
BEFORE DETERMINING THE SIZE OF THE
INTERSECTION FILLET, CHECK WITH THE
AIRLINES REGARDING THE OPERATING
PROCEDURES WHICH THEY USE AND THE
AIRCRAFT TYPES WHICH ARE EXPECTED
TO SERVE THE AIRPORT.

4.5.2 90-DEGREE TURN -- RUNWAY TO TAXIWAY
MANEUVERING METHOD -- JUDGMENTAL OVERSTEERING
75 FT
(22.86 M)
CL
150 FT
(45.72 M)
100 FT (30.5 M) R
RUNWAY
CENTERLINE
24 FT (7.3 M)
24 FT (7.3 M)
27.3 FT (8.32 M)
OUTSIDE EDGE
OF OUTBOARD
GEAR TRACKS
PATH OF NOSE GEAR TIRE EDGE
NOTE:

75 FT
(22.9 M)
4.5.3 90-DEGREE TURN TAXIWAY TO TAXIWAY
MANEUVERING METHOD -- JUDGMENTAL OVERSTEERING
75 FT
(22.9 M)
CL
27.3 FT (8.32 M)
22 FT (6.7 M)
PATHOFNOSEGEARTIREEDGE
22 FT (6.7 M)
100 FT (30.5 M) R
OUTSIDE EDGE
OF OUTBOARD
GEAR TRACKS
CL
NOTE:

75 FT
(22.9 M)
4.5.4 90-DEGREE TURN -- TAXIWAY TO TAXIWAY
MANEUVERING METHOD -- COCKPIT OVER CENTERLINE STEERING
75 FT
(22.9 M)
CL
COCKPIT TRACK
NOTE:
OUTSIDE EDGE
OF OUTBOARD
GEAR TRACKS
48 FT (14.6 M)
15 FT (4.6 M) MINIMUM RECOMMENDED CLEARANCE
100 FT (30.5 M) R
CL
4-8 OCTOBER 2002MDC K9099

4.6 RUNWAY HOLDING BAY (APRON)
20 FT (6.1 M)
SHOULDER
40 FT (12.2 M)
20 FT
(6.1 M)
TO RUNWAY
OUTSIDE EDGE
OF MAIN GEAR
TRACK
150 FT (45.7 M)
NOTE:
COORDINATE WITH USING
AIRLINE FOR SPECIFIC
PLANNED OPERATING
PROCEDURE
MINIMUM CLEARANCE FOR
MOVING AIRCRAFT – 40 FT (12.2 M)
194 FT (59.1 M)
TAXIWAY
CL
75 FT
(22.9 M)

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OCTOBER 2002MDC K90994-10

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