The merchant had 4 wives that he loved to varying degrees. When he fell ill and knew he was dying, he asked each wife to keep him company in death. The 3 wives he loved most and lavished with attention refused, while his neglected first wife, who truly loved him, was the only one willing to stay by his side. The story suggests the four "wives" represent our pursuits in life - wealth, pleasure, reputation, and relationships. When we die, only our relationships remain.