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§®§°§¥§µ§­§¾ 2: §°§³§¯§°§£§ª §³§´§²§¡§´§¦§¤?§¹§¯§°§¤§° §°§¢§­?§¬§µ §´§Ö§Þ§Ñ 6: §¡§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù §Ó§Ù§Ñ?§Þ§à§Ù§Ó¡¯§ñ§Ù§Ü§å §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä, §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§å §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? ? §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å 1. §³§å§ä§ß?§ã§ä§î §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§å ?§£-§°-§±? (§³VP-§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù, Cost- Volume-Profit) 2. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? 3. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð 4. §¤§â§Ñ§æ?§é§ß§Ú§Û §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§å ?§£-§°-§±?
1. §³§å§ä§ß?§ã§ä§î §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§å ?§£-§°-§±? (§³VP-§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù, Cost- Volume-Profit) §¢§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§î §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§å ?§£-§°-§±? - §è§Ö §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? (§Ü§â§Ú§ä§Ú§é§ß§Ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ñ, §Þ§Ö§â§ä§Ó§Ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ñ) §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§Õ§ß§à §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§ä§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ú§â§à§Ò§ß§Ú§è§ä§Ó§Ñ, §ä§à§Ò§ä§à §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§å §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä?, §á§â§Ú §ñ§Ü§à§Þ§å §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§à §ß§Ö §à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§ä§î §ß? §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å, §ß? §Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§å
1. §³§å§ä§ß?§ã§ä§î §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§å ?§£-§°-§±? (§³VP-§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù, Cost- Volume-Profit) §®§à§Õ§Ú§æ?§Ü§Ñ§è?? §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§å ?§£-§°-§±? 1) §á§à§ê§å§Ü §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§å §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? ?§Ù §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Þ §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§à§Þ §Ó?§Õ §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §å §ß§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ§å §ä§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§â§ä?§ã§ß§à§Þ§å §Ó§Ú§â§Ñ§Ù? §ä§Ñ ?§Ù §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Þ §é§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Þ §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§à§Þ, §ë§à §Ó§â§Ñ§ç§à§Ó§å? §Ó§á§Ý§Ú§Ó §á§à§Õ§Ñ§ä§Ü§å §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§à§Ü; 2) §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? §Ò§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ä§à§ß§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Ü§Ý§Ñ§ä§å§â§ß§Ú§ç §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó; 3) §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù ?§Ù §Ó§â§Ñ§ç§å§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ§Þ §Ö§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä? §á§à§á§Ú§ä§å; 4) §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §à§á§ä§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à? §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§Ú §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä
1. §³§å§ä§ß?§ã§ä§î §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§å ?§£-§°-§±? (§³VP-§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù, Cost- Volume-Profit) §£§Ú§Õ?§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§î §ä§Ñ§Ü? §à§Ò§Þ§Ö§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Û §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§å§Þ§à§Ó§Ú, §á§à§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ö§ß? §Ó §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§å §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§å ?§£-§°-§±? §ä§Ñ §ñ§Ü? §ã§Ý?§Õ §å§â§Ñ§ç§à§Ó§å§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú §á§â§Ú §Û§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ã§å§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß?: 1. §°§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§Ú§Þ §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§à§Þ §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ ? §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è??; 2. §°§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §Ó§Ú§â§à§Ò§ß§Ú§è§ä§Ó§Ñ §ä§Ñ §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §à§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó?. §´§à§Ò§ä§à §á§â§à§ä§ñ§Ô§à§Þ §á§Ö§â?§à§Õ§å, §ë§à §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§å?§ä§î§ã§ñ, §ã§å§ä§ä?§Ó§Ú§ç §Ù§Þ?§ß §å §Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ê§Ü§Ñ§ç §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã?§Ó §ß§Ö §Ó?§Õ§Ò§å§Ó§Ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ; 3. §¯§Ö§à§Ò§ç?§Õ§ß§à§ð §å§Þ§à§Ó§à§ð §Ù§Õ?§Û§ã§ß§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§å ?§£-§°-§±? ? §á§à§Õ?§Ý §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ñ §Ù§Þ?§ß§ß? §Û §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß?. §¬§Ý§Ñ§ã§Ú§æ?§Ü§Ñ§è?? §á?§Õ§Ý§ñ§Ô§Ñ§ð§ä§î §å§ã? §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ú §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ: §Ó§Ú§â§à§Ò§ß§Ú§é?, §Ñ§Õ§Þ?§ß?§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß?, §ß§Ñ §Ù§Ò§å§ä; 4. §¡§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù ?§£-§°-§±? §Ò§Ñ§Ù§å?§ä§î§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ú§ß§è§Ú§á§Ñ§ç §Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§Ü§å§Ý§ð§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ §Ù§Þ?§ß§ß§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú (§Õ§Ú§â§Ö§Ü§ä- §Ü§à§ã§ä§Ú§ß§Ô). §±§â§à§ä§Ö §Ó?§ß §Þ§à§Ø§Ö §å§ã§á?§ê§ß§à §Ù§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ã§à§Ó§å§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú§ã§ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ø §å §Þ§Ö§Ø§Ñ§ç ?§ß§ê§à? §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§Ü§å§Ý§ð§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ;
1. §³§å§ä§ß?§ã§ä§î §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§å ?§£-§°-§±? (§³VP-§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù, Cost-Volume- Profit) §£§Ú§Õ?§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§î §ä§Ñ§Ü? §à§Ò§Þ§Ö§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Û §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§å§Þ§à§Ó§Ú, §á§à§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ö§ß? §Ó §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§å §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§å ?§£-§°-§±? §ä§Ñ §ñ§Ü? §ã§Ý?§Õ §å§â§Ñ§ç§à§Ó§å§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú §á§â§Ú §Û§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ã§å§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß?: 5. §©§Ñ §Ò§å§Õ§î-§ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô?§Ó §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? §Ù§Þ?§ß§ß? §ä§Ñ §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß? §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ú §Ù§Ò§Ö§â?§Ô§Ñ§ð§ä§î §à§ã§à§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä? §ã§Ó§à?? §á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ?§ß§Ü§Ú: §Ù§Þ?§ß§ß? §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ú §ß§Ñ §à§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§è§ð §Û §Ù§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ñ §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä §Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ê§Ñ§ð§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù §Ù§Þ?§ß. §´§à§Þ§å §æ§å§ß§Ü§è?§ñ §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä §Þ§Ñ? §Ý?§ß?§Û§ß§Ú§Û §Ó§Ú§Ô§Ý§ñ§Õ; 6. §¸?§ß§Ñ §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ê§Ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ §ß§Ö§Ù§Þ?§ß§ß§à§ð §Ù§Ñ §Ò§å§Õ§î-§ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô?§Ó §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è??. §°§ä§Ø§Ö, §æ§å§ß§Ü§è?§ñ §Ó§Ú§â§å§é§Ü§Ú §Þ§Ñ? §Ý?§ß?§Û§ß§Ú§Û §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â ? §Ó?§Õ§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ §ñ§Ü §á§â§ñ§Þ§Ñ §Ý?§ß?§ñ; 7. §¹?§ä§Ü§à §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§ð§ä§î§ã§ñ §Õ§Ö§ñ§Ü? §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ú §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §±§â§à§ä§Ö §Ó §Õ?§Û§ã§ß§à§ã§ä? §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Õ§à§ã§Ú§ä§î §â?§Õ§Ü§à §Ù§Ñ§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ö§Ô?§Õ§î §Ù§ß§Ñ§ð§ä§î §ä§à§é§ß§Ú§Û §â?§Ó§Ö§ß§î §è?§ß §ß§Ñ §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§è?§ð, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ø §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ß§å §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§Ú§ç §ä§Ñ §Ù§Þ?§ß§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä. §´§à§Þ§å §Õ§Ý§ñ §á?§Õ§Ó§Ú§ë§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ñ§Ü§à§ã§ä? §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§å ? §ß§Ñ§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Û§à§Ô§à §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä?§Ó §Õ§à §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? §ã§Ý?§Õ §Ù§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ã§à§Ó§å§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â §ß§Ö§Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§à§ã§ä?, §ä§à§Ò§ä§à §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§ð§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è?? §á§â§Ú §Ù§Þ?§ß? §à§Ü§â§Ö§Þ§Ú§ç §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â?§Ó §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý?; 8. §®§Ñ? §Þ?§ã§è§Ö §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§Ú§Û §Ñ§ã§à§â§ä§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§ä §Ñ§Ò§à §Ó§Ú§â§à§Ò§ß§Ú§è§ä§Ó§à §à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ú§Õ§å §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§è??. §©§Þ?§ß§Ú §Þ§à§Ø§å§ä§î §á§â§Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §Õ§à §Ù§Þ?§ß §å §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ß? §ñ§Ü §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§Ú§ç, §ä§Ñ§Ü ? §Ù§Þ?§ß§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä, §ë§à §Ó§á§Ý§Ú§ß§Ö §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§à§Ü; 9. §©§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ã§à§Ó§å§ð§ä§î§ã§ñ §â§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ß§ä§ß§Ú§Û §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? (§Õ?§Ñ§á§Ñ§Ù§à§ß§å) §ä§Ñ §á§Ö§â?§à§Õ §é§Ñ§ã§å. §¡§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù ?§£-§°-§±? ? ?§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Þ, §ë§à §Ù§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ã§à§Ó§å?§ä§î§ã§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§â§Ú§Û§ß§ñ§ä§ä§ñ §Ü§à§â§à§ä§Ü§à§ã§ä§â§à§Ü§à§Ó§Ú§ç §â?§ê§Ö§ß§î, §ä§à§Þ§å §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç?§Õ§ß§à §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú §á§Ö§Ó§ß§Ú§Û §á§Ö§â?§à§Õ §é§Ñ§ã§å, §á§â§à§ä§ñ§Ô§à§Þ §ñ§Ü§à§Ô§à §Õ?§Û§ã§ß§à §Þ§à§Ø§ß§Ñ §Ó§Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§ä§Ú §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â §Õ§à§ç§à§Õ?§Ó §ä§Ñ §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä §Ý?§ß?§Û§ß§Ú§Þ
1. §³§å§ä§ß?§ã§ä§î §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§å ?§£-§°-§±? (§³VP-§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù, Cost- Volume-Profit) §¬§Ý§ð§é§à§Ó§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú §è§î§à§Ô§à §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§å ? §ä§Ñ§Ü? §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú: - §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§Û §Õ§à§ç?§Õ (§Û§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Þ§Ú §â§à§Ù§Ô§Ý§ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Ó §ä§Ö§Þ? 4); - §ä§à§é§Ü§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä?; - §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä?; - §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§Ú§Û §Ó§Ñ§Ø?§Ý§î
2. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? §´§à§é§Ü§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? ¡ª §è§Ö §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä?, §Ù§Ñ §ñ§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ú§â§å§é§Ü§Ñ §Ó?§Õ §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§è?? (§â§à§Ò?§ä, §á§à§ã§Ý§å§Ô) §Õ§à§â?§Ó§ß§ð? §ã§å§Ü§å§á§ß§Ú§Þ §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ñ§Þ §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §ä§à§Ò§ä§à §è§Ö §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §á§â§à§Õ§Ñ§Ø§å, §Ù§Ñ §ñ§Ü§à§Ô§à §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§à §ß§Ö §Þ§Ñ? §ß? §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å, §ß? §Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§å
2. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? §¥§Ý§ñ §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? §ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§è?§Û§ß§à §Ù§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ã§à§Ó§å§ð§ä§î §ä§â§Ú §á?§Õ§ç§à§Õ§Ú: - §Õ§Ó§Ñ §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§ß? ¡ª §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ §â?§Ó§ß§ñ§ß§ß§ñ ? §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§ç§à§Õ§å; - §Ô§â§Ñ§æ?§é§ß§Ú§Û §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ
2. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? §®§Ö§ä§à§Õ §â?§Ó§ß§ñ§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §ß§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ§å §á?§Õ§ç§à§Õ? §â§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ç§å§ß§Ü§å §æ?§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§å §Ù§Ñ §å§Þ§à§Ó§Ú, §ë§à §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§à§Ü ???¨¤?= ???? §Õ§à§â?§Ó§ß§ð? *??? - §ß§å§Ý§ð ?? §Õ§Ö §´§¢§Ó§Ñ§â ¨C §ä§à§é§Ü§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä?, §Ô§â§ß; §©§£§à§Õ ¨C §Ù§Þ?§ß§ß? §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ú §ß§Ñ §à§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§è§ð §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§è??, §Ô§â§ß; §°§â§Ý ¨C §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§è??, §à§Õ.; §±§£ ¨C §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß? §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ú, §Ô§â§ß.
2. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? §®§Ö§ä§à§Õ §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§ç§à§Õ§å (§á§à§ç?§Õ§ß§Ú§Û §Ó?§Õ §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§å §â?§Ó§ß§ñ§ß§ß§ñ) - §â§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ç§å§ß§à§Ü §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? §Ù§Õ?§Û§ã§ß§ð?§ä§î§ã§ñ ?§Ù §Ù§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ã§å§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ§Þ §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§ç§à§Õ§å §ä§Ñ §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à? §â§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? (§ä§à§Ò§ä§à §Ü§à§Ö§æ?§è??§ß§ä§å §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§ç§à§Õ§å). §±§â§Ú §è§î§à§Þ§å §Ü§â§Ú§ä§Ú§é§ß§Ú§Û §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ §å §ß§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§ç §à§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§è§ñ§ç §Ñ§Ò§à §å §Ô§â§à§ê§à§Ó§à§Þ§å §Ó§Ú§Þ?§â? ??¨ª¨¤¨° =?? ???? ???¨¤?=?? ?? §Õ§Ö §®§¥§à§Õ ¨C §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§Û §Õ§à§ç?§Õ §ß§Ñ §à§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§è§ð §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§è??, §Ô§â§ß; §²§® ¨C §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ §â§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ö§Ý§î§ß?§ã§ä§î (§Ü§à§Ö§æ?§è??§ß§ä §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§ç§à§Õ§å)
2. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? ? §¬§â§Ú§ä§Ú§é§ß§Ú§Û §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? §å §Ó?§Õ§ß§à§ã§ß§à§Þ§å §Ó§Ú§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß? §ß§Ñ§Ù§Ú§Ó§Ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ð §Ó§Ú§â§à§Ò§ß§Ú§é§à§ð §á§à§ä§å§Ø§ß?§ã§ä§ð. ?? % = ( ) * *100 ? ?? ?? ?? ? - ?? k?¨¤?¨¤¨ª = ? §Õ§Ö - §Ü§à§Ö§æ?§è??§ß§ä §á§à§ä§à§é§ß§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ß§ä§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ó§Ú§â§à§Ò§ß§Ú§é§Ú§ç §á§à§ä§å§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û.
2. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? ? §£ §â§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ç§å§ß§Ü§Ñ§ç §Ù§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ã§à§Ó§å§ð§ä§î §ß§à§â§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§å §á§à§ä§å§Ø§ß?§ã§ä§î - §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §Ó§Ú§â§à§Ò§ß§Ú§è§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§è??, §ñ§Ü§Ú§Û §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö §Ó§Ú§Ü§à§ß§Ñ§ä§Ú §Ó §Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §á§Ö§â?§à§Õ §é§Ñ§ã§å §Ù§Ñ §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à ?§ã§ß§å§ð§é§à? §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ú §Ó§Ú§â§à§Ò§ß§Ú§é§Ú§ç §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã?§Ó. ? §¸§Ö§Û §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü §ß§Ñ §Ó?§Õ§Þ?§ß§å §Ó?§Õ §ä§Ö§à§â§Ö§ä§Ú§é§ß§à? §ä§Ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§ß§à? §Ó§Ú§â§à§Ò§ß§Ú§é§à? §á§à§ä§å§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä? §ß§Ö §Þ?§ã§ä§Ú§ä§î ?§ß§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ú§ê§Ü§à§Ó§à§Ô§à? §Ü§à§Þ§á§à§ß§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §å §Ó§Ú§Ô§Ý§ñ§Õ? §Õ§à§Õ§Ñ§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§Õ§ß§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ, §ñ§Ü§Ö §Ó§Ú§Ü§à§â§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ó§å?§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ý§Ú§ê§Ö §å §â§Ñ§Ù? §á?§Õ§Ó§Ú§ë§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §á§à§á§Ú§ä§å §ß§Ñ §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§è?§ð §Ñ§Ò§à §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ù§Õ?§Û§ã§ß§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §â§Ö§Þ§à§ß§ä§å §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§Ú§ç §Ù§Ñ§ã§à§Ò?§Ó.
2. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? ? §¡§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù §Ó§Ù§Ñ?§Þ§à§Ù§Ó'§ñ§Ù§Ü§å ?§£-§°-§±? §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ø §Þ§à§Ø§Ö §Õ§à§á§à§Þ§à§Ô§ä§Ú §å §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß? §Ó§á§Ý§Ú§Ó§å §Ù§Þ?§ß§Ú §â?§Ó§ß§ñ §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§è?? §ß§Ö §ä?§Ý§î§Ü§Ú §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§à§Ü §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ñ§Ý§Ö ? §ß§Ñ §Û§à§Ô§à §Ô§â§à§ê§à§Ó? §á§à§ä§à§Ü§Ú. §¥§Ý§ñ §Ö§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý?§ß§ß§ñ §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §Û§à§Ô§à §Ü§Ö§â?§Ó§ß§Ú§è§ä§Ó§å §á§à§ä§â?§Ò§ß? §Ó?§Õ§à§Þ§à§ã§ä? §á§â§à §Ý?§Ü§Ó?§Õ§ß§å §ä§à§é§Ü§å §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä?.
2. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? ? §­?§Ü§Ó?§Õ§ß§Ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? - §Þ?§ß?§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ §ã§å§Þ§Ñ §Ô§â§à§ê§à§Ó§Ú§ç §Ü§à§ê§ä?§Ó, §ñ§Ü§å §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç?§Õ§ß§à §à§ä§â§Ú§Þ§å§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Ü§â§Ú§ä§ä§ñ §á§à§ä§à§é§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä?. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ ? §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ù§Ó§Ú§é§Ñ§Û§ß§à §Ñ§Ü§ä§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§Þ §á§â§Ú §á§à§Ô?§â§ê§Ö§ß§ß? §Ù§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à? §Ö§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ?§é§ß§à? §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è??, §á§â§Ú §Ó§Ú§â?§ê§Ö§ß§ß? §á§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §á§â§à §ã§Ü§à§â§à§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? §Ñ§Ò§à §Ó §á§Ö§â?§à§Õ, §Ü§à§Ý§Ú §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§à §á§â§Ñ§è§ð? §Ù? §Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ù§Ô?§Õ§ß§à §Ù §Ò§å§ç§Ô§Ñ§Ý§ä§Ö§â§ã§î§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ú.
2. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? ????¨º = ?? - ?? ??? ???? ???? ? - - , ? §Õ§Ö §¯§³ ¨C §Ó§Ñ§â§ä?§ã§ä§î §ß§Ö§Þ§à§ß§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§ß§Ú§ç §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö§Û, §Ô§â§ß; ? §¯§³§à§Õ ¨C §Ó§Ñ§â§ä?§ã§ä§î §ß§Ö§Þ§à§ß§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§ß§Ú§ç §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö§Û §Ó §â§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ç§å§ß§Ü§å §ß§Ñ §à§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§è§ð §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§è??, §Ô§â§ß.
2. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? ? §¯§Ö§Þ§à§ß§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§ß? §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§ä? - §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§ä?, §à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §Ñ§Ò§à §ã§á§Ý§Ñ§ä§Ñ §ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §ß§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ò§Ñ§é§Ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ §å §æ?§Ü§ã§à§Ó§Ñ§ß?§Û §ã§å§Þ? §Ô§â§à§ê§à§Ó§Ú§ç §Ü§à§ê§ä?§Ó §é§Ú ?§ç §Ö§Ü§Ó?§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ö§ß§ä?§Ó ( §Ñ§Þ§à§â§ä§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è?§Û§ß? §Ó?§Õ§â§Ñ§ç§å§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ). §©§Ñ§Ý§Ö§Ø§ß§à §Ó?§Õ §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§å ?§ç §ß§Ñ§â§Ñ§ç§å§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §Ó§à§ß§Ú §Þ§à§Ø§å§ä§î §Ó§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ú §Õ§à §ã§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§å §ñ§Ü §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§Ú§ç, §ä§Ñ§Ü ? §Ù§Þ?§ß§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä. §£?§Õ§á§à§Ó?§Õ§ß§à §ß§Ñ ?§ç §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ß§å §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç?§Õ§ß§à §Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§ê§Ú§ä§Ú §Ñ§Ò§à §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß? §Ñ§Ò§à §Ù§Þ?§ß§ß? §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ú §ß§Ñ §à§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§è§ð §å §æ§à§â§Þ§å§Ý? §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä?.
2. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? ? §²§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä §â§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ç§å§ß§Ü?§Ó §á§à§â?§Ó§ß§ð§ð§ä§î §Ù §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§Þ §é§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Þ §â§å§ç§à§Þ §Ô§â§à§ê§à§Ó§Ú§ç §Ü§à§ê§ä?§Ó §Ù§Ñ §á§Ö§â?§à§Õ. §Á§Ü§ë§à §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§ß§Ö §ß§Ñ§Õ§ç§à§Õ§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ô§â§à§ê§à§Ó§Ú§ç §Ü§à§ê§ä?§Ó §Õ§à§â?§Ó§ß§ð? §Ý?§Ü§Ó?§Õ§ß?§Û §ä§à§é§è? §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä?, §é§Ú ?? §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§Ú§ë§å?, §ä§à §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ô§Ö§ß§Ö§â§å? ?§ç §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§ß§ð §Ü?§Ý§î§Ü?§ã§ä§î §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Ü§â§Ú§ä§ä§ñ §á§à§ä§à§é§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä. §°§ä§Ø§Ö, §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß?§ã§ä§î §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Õ§à§è?§Ý§î§ß§à §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ó§Ø§å§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú, §ß§Ñ§Ó?§ä§î, §Ù§Ñ §ß§Ñ§ñ§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä? §Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü?§Ó §å §æ?§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó?§Û §Ù§Ó?§ä§ß§à§ã§ä?.
2. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? ? §´§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §é§Ú§ß§à§Þ, §ä§à§é§Ü§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§å? §Þ?§ß?§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§Û §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è??, §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç?§Õ§ß§Ú§Û §Õ§Ý§ñ §Õ§à§ã§ñ§Ô§ß§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à? §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä?. §¡§Ý§Ö §Õ§Ñ§ä§Ú §Ó?§Õ§á§à§Ó?§Õ§î §ß§Ñ §á§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ, §é§Ú §á§à§Ý?§á§ê§Ú§Ý§à§ã§ñ §æ?§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó§Ö §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ë§Ö §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ó§à§ß§Ñ §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö. ? §´§à§Þ§å §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §â§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ç§à§Ó§å§ð§ä§î ?§ß§ê? §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú ¡ª §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? ? §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§Ú§Û §Ó§Ñ§Ø?§Ý§î.
3. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð ? §©§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? ¡ª §è§Ö §â?§Ó§Ö§ß§î §á§à§ä§à§é§ß§à? §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §ë§à §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§Ú§ë§å? §ä§à§é§Ü§å §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä?. , ?? = ??? -?? ? §Õ§Ö §°§â§Ý ¨C §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§è?? (§å §Ó§Ñ§â§ä?§ã§ß§à§Þ§å §Ñ§Ò§à §ß§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ§å §Ó§Ú§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß?); §´§¢ ¨C §ä§à§é§Ü§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? (§å §Ó§Ñ§â§ä?§ã§ß§à§Þ§å §Ñ§Ò§à §ß§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ§å §Ó§Ú§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß?).
3. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð ? §¯§Ö§Ù§Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§ð§é§Ú §ß§Ñ §â?§Ù§ß§à§Þ§Ñ§ß?§ä§ß?§ã§ä§î §ß§Ñ§Ù§Ó §Õ§Ñ§ß§à§Ô§à §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ, §ë§à §Ù§å§ã§ä§â?§é§Ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó §Ý?§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â? (§æ?§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó§Ú§Û §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä?, §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã §æ?§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó§à? §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä?, §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§Û §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä?, §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§á§Ö§Ü§Ú, §Ù§à§ß§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§á§Ö§Ü§Ú), §Ó?§ß §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ø§Õ§Ú §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§å? §Þ§Ñ§Ü§ã§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à §á§â§Ú§á§å§ã§ä§Ú§Þ§Ú§Û §â§à§Ù§Þ?§â §Ù§ß§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ó§Ú§â§å§é§Ü§Ú §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù §Ù§Ñ§Ô§â§à§Ù§Ú §à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü?§Ó §Ñ§Ò§à §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç?§Õ§ß§å §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ß§å §Ù§Ò?§Ý§î§ê§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§å §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §Õ§Ý§ñ §Õ§à§ã§ñ§Ô§ß§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §â?§Ó§ß§ñ §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä?. ? §¹§Ú§Þ §Ò?§Ý§î§ê§Ö §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä?, §ä§Ú§Þ §ß§Ñ§Õ?§Û§ß?§ê§Ö §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ñ §â§Ú§ß§Ü§å ? §ä§Ú§Þ §Þ§Ö§ß§ê? §ß§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß? §ß§Ñ§ã§Ý?§Õ§Ü§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §ß§î§à§Ô§à §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Þ§å§ä§î §ä§Ñ§Ü? §ß§Ö§ã§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ý§Ú§Ó? §ä§Ö§ß§Õ§Ö§ß§è??, §ñ§Ü §Ù§ß§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §á§à§á§Ú§ä§å §ß§Ñ §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§è?§ð, §Ù§â§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§à§ë§à.
3. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð ? §¯§Ñ §Ó?§Õ§Þ?§ß§å §Ó?§Õ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §å§ã§å§Ó§Ñ? §Ó§á§Ý§Ú§Ó §Þ§Ñ§ã§ê§ä§Ñ§Ò§å §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ ? §Õ§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ? §à§Ò'?§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à §á§à§â?§Ó§ß§ð§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ù §â?§Ù§ß§Ú§Þ§Ú §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§è?§ß§ð§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú §Ù§Þ?§ß§Ú §æ?§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ë§Ñ §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ñ §â?§Ù§ß§Ú§ç §Ö§ä§Ñ§á§Ñ§ç §Û§à§Ô§à §Ø§Ú§ä§ä?§Ó§à§Ô§à §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§å. ? §©§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä?, §â§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ç§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §å §Ó?§Õ§ã§à§ä§Ü§Ñ§ç. §ß§Ñ§Ù§Ú§Ó§Ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ü§à§Ö§æ?§è??§ß§ä§à§Þ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä?.
3. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð ? §¬§à§Ö§æ?§è??§ß§ä §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? - §ß§Ö §Ó?§Õ§ß§à§ã§ß§Ö §Ù§ß§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô?§Ó §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è??, §ñ§Ü§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö §Õ§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú §ã§à§Ò? §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§à §Õ§à §Õ§à§ã§ñ§Ô§ß§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä?. ? §¹§Ú§Þ §Þ§Ö§ß§ê§Ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä?, §ä§Ú§Þ §Ò?§Ý§î§ê§Ö §Ù§à§ß§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§á§Ö§Ü§Ú §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. k?¨¬ = ?? ? ? ? ?
3. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð ? §©§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §Ü§à§Ö§æ?§è??§ß§ä §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §Ù§Þ?§ß§ð§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú§Þ§å§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ö§Ø§ß§à §Ó?§Õ §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§î §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§å §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è??, §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ü§à§Ö§æ?§è??§ß§ä§Ñ §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§ç§à§Õ§å §Û §â?§Ó§ß§ñ §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä, §à§ã§Ü?§Ý§î§Ü§Ú §à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§ß? §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§ð§ä§î §Ü§â§Ú§ä§Ú§é§ß§Ú§Û §â?§Ó§Ö§ß§î §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä?. ? §¯§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ, §ñ§Ü§ë§à §Ü§à§Ö§æ?§è??§ß§ä §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§ç§à§Õ§å §ä§Ñ §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò?§Ý§î§ß?, §ä§à §Ù§Ò?§Ý§î§ê§Ú§ä§Ú §Ù§à§ß§å §Ò§Ö§Ù§á§Ö§Ü§Ú §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Þ§à§Ø§ß§Ñ §Ý§Ú§ê§Ö §ê§Ý§ñ§ç§à§Þ §ã§Ü§à§â§à§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä. §µ §â§Ñ§Ù? §ß§Ö§Ù§Þ?§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §â?§Ó§ß§ñ §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä ? §Ü§à§Ö§æ?§è??§ß§ä§Ñ §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§ç§à§Õ§å §Ù§â§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §Þ§à§Ø§ß§Ñ §Õ§à§ã§ñ§Ô§ä§Ú §ê§Ý§ñ§ç§à§Þ §Ù§Ò?§Ý§î§ê§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§å §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è??.
3. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð ? §±?§ã§Ý§ñ §Õ§à§ã§ñ§Ô§ß§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§à §Þ§Ñ? §Ó?§Õ§á§à§Ó?§ã§ä§Ú §ß§Ñ §á§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ: §ñ§Ü? §ä§Ö§Þ§á§Ú §Ù§â§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å §ã§Ý?§Õ §à§é?§Ü§å§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú §Ó §Þ§Ñ§Û§Ò§å§ä§ß§î§à§Þ§å §Ù§Ñ ?§ã§ß§å§ð§é§Ú§ç §â?§Ó§ß?§Ó §è?§ß§Ú §ä§Ñ §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ú §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä. ? §¸§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§ß§Ñ §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ú §Ù§Ñ §Õ§à§á§à§Þ§à§Ô§à§ð §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ, §ñ§Ü§Ú§Û §ß§Ñ§Ù§Ú§Ó§Ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§Ú§Þ §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ (§Ó§Ú§â§à§Ò§ß§Ú§é§Ú§Û §Ó§Ñ§Ø?§Ý§î, §Ó§Ú§â§à§Ò§ß§Ú§é§Ú§Û §Ý§Ö§Ó§Ö§â§Ú§Õ§Ø).
3. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð ? §°§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§Ú§Û §Ó§Ñ§Ø?§Ý§î ¨C §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ö §ã§á?§Ó§Ó?§Õ§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§Ú§ç ? §Ù§Þ?§ß§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä, §ñ§Ü§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ò§Ö§Ù§á§Ö§é§å? §Ò?§Ý§î§ê §Ó§Ú§ã§à§Ü§Ú§Û §Ó?§Õ§ã§à§ä§à§Ü §Ù§â§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å, §ß?§Ø §Ó?§Õ§á§à§Ó?§Õ§ß§Ú§Û §Ó?§Õ§ã§à§ä§à§Ü §á§â§Ú§â§à§ã§ä§å §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§å §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è??. ? §³§å§ä§ß?§ã§ä§î §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð §å §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§å§á§ß§à§Þ§å: §é§Ú§Þ §ß§Ú§Ø§é§Ñ §á§Ú§ä§à§Þ§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§Ô§Ñ §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä §Ó §Ù§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ý§î§ß?§Û §ã§å§Þ? §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §ä§Ú§Þ §Þ§Ö§ß§ê§Ñ §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ñ §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§ç§à§Õ§å, §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç?§Õ§ß§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ ?§ç §á§à§Ü§â§Ú§ä§ä§ñ. §©§Ó?§Õ§ã§Ú §Ü§à§Ö§æ?§è??§ß§ä §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§ç§à§Õ§å §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ø §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Þ§Ö §ß§Ú§Ø§é§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ, §ë§à §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ? §Þ§Ö§ß§ê§Ú§Û §Ó§á§Ý§Ú§Ó §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§à§Ü §Ù§Þ?§ß§Ú §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§å §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä?. §´§à§Ò§ä§à §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß? §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ú §Ó§Ú§Ü§à§â§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ó§å§ð§ä§î§ã§ñ §ñ§Ü §Ó§Ñ§Ø?§Ý§î §Õ§Ý§ñ §Õ§à§ã§ñ§Ô§ß§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§Ú§ç §é§Ú ?§ß§ê§Ú§ç §Ó?§Õ§ã§à§ä§Ü§à§Ó§Ú§ç §Ù§Þ?§ß §å §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§Ñ§ç §å§ß§Ñ§ã§Ý?§Õ§à§Ü §Ù§Þ?§ß §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§å §á§â§à§Õ§Ñ§Ø§å.
3. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð ? §°§ä§Ø§Ö, §ß§Ú§Ø§é§Ñ §á§Ú§ä§à§Þ§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§Ô§Ñ §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä §ã§ä§Ó§à§â§ð? §ß§Ú§Ø§é§Ú§Û §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§Ú§Û §Ó§Ñ§Ø?§Ý§î, §è§Ö §Ù§å§Þ§à§Ó§Ý§ð? §Þ§Ö§ß§ê§å §Ù§Þ?§ß§å §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å §Ù§Ñ §Ù§Þ?§ß§Ú §Ó§Ú§â§å§é§Ü§Ú §Ó?§Õ §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è??. ? §³§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ú§Þ ? ? §Ù§Ó§à§â§à§ä§ß§Ú§Û §Ù§Ó'§ñ§Ù§à§Ü: §Ò?§Ý§î§ê§Ñ §á§Ú§ä§à§Þ§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§Ô§Ñ §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä - §Ò?§Ý§î§ê§Ú§Û §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§Ú§Û §Ó§Ñ§Ø?§Ý§î - §Ò?§Ý§î§ê§Ú§Û §Ó§á§Ý§Ú§Ó §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§à§Ü §å§ß§Ñ§ã§Ý?§Õ§à§Ü §Ù§Þ?§ß§Ú §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§å §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä?. ? §°§Ò?§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ö §å §è§î§à§Þ§å, §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ù §Þ§Ö§ä§à§ð §Ó§á§Ý§Ú§Ó§å §ß§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§Ú§Û §â§Ú§Ù§Ú§Ü §ä§Ñ §â?§Ó§Ö§ß§î §æ?§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§å §Þ§à§Ø§Ö §Ó§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú §à§á§ä§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ö §ã§á?§Ó§Ó?§Õ§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§Ú§ç ? §Ù§Þ?§ß§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä, §Ó?§Õ§Õ§Ñ§Ó§ê§Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§Ñ§Ô§å §Ó§Ú§ã§à§Ü§à§Þ§å §Ñ§Ò§à §ß§Ú§Ù§î§Ü§à§Þ§å §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Þ§å §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð.
3. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð ? §¬?§Ý§î§Ü?§ã§ß§Ú§Þ §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Þ §â?§Ó§ß§ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð ? §Ü§à§Ö§æ?§è??§ß§ä (§Ö§æ§Ö§Ü§ä, §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â) §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ñ. §±§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§å?, §ß§Ñ §ã§Ü?§Ý§î§Ü§Ú §Ó?§Õ§ã§à§ä§Ü?§Ó §Ù§â§à§ã§ä§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§à§Ü §á§â§Ú §Ù§â§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§ß? §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§å §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §ß§Ñ 1%. . k ??? ?? = ?? ? §£§á§Ý§Ú§Ó §Ù§Þ?§ß§Ú §Ó§Ú§â§å§é§Ü§Ú §Ó?§Õ §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §ß§Ñ §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ß§å §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ: , % ?? % = ?? k ??? ?? % ???% ? §Õ§Ö - §Ù§Þ?§ß? §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å, %; - §Ù§Þ?§ß§Ñ §Ó§Ú§â§å§é§Ü§Ú §Ó?§Õ §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è??, %.
3. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð §±§â§Ú §Ó§Ú§Ü§à§â§Ú§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§ß? §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß?§Ù§Þ§å §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð §ã§Ý?§Õ §å§â§Ñ§ç§à§Ó§å§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú: ?§á§à§Ù§Ú§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§Ú§Û §Ó§á§Ý§Ú§Ó §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð §á§à§é§Ú§ß§Ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ý§Ú§ê§Ö §á?§ã§Ý§ñ §Õ§à§ã§ñ§Ô§ß§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä?, §ä§à§Ò§ä§à §Ü§à§Ý§Ú §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§Û §Õ§à§ç?§Õ §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§ß?§Û §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Ü§â§Ú§ä§ä§ñ §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä; ?§Ö§æ§Ö§Ü§ä §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð §á§â§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ý§Ú§ê§Ö §Ó §Ü§à§â§à§ä§Ü§à§Þ§å §á§Ö§â?§à§Õ? §é§Ñ§ã§å; ?§é§Ú§Þ §Ó§Ú§ë§Ú§Û §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§à§Ü §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §ä§Ú§Þ §ß§Ú§Ø§é§Ú§Û §Ö§æ§Ö§Ü§ä §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð;
3. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð ? §Ù? §Ù§â§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ§Þ §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§å §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §ä§Ñ §Ó?§Õ§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§ñ§Þ §Ó?§Õ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? §Ó?§Õ§ã§à§ä§à§Ü §á§â§Ú§â§à§ã§ä§å §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§å §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §ã§å§á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ø§å§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú§Þ§Ö§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ù§â§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ð§é§Ú§Þ §ä§Ö§Þ§á§à§Þ §á§â§Ú§â§à§ã§ä§å §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å, §ä§à§Ò§ä§à §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ù §Ó§Ú§ë§Ú§Þ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§Ú§Þ §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ §Õ§à§ã§ñ§Ô§Ñ§ä§Ú§Þ§å§ä§î §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å §ê§Ó§Ú§Õ§ê§Ö; ? §Ù? §Ù§ß§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ§Þ §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§å §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? ? §ß§Ñ§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ§Þ §Õ§à §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ù §Ó§Ú§ã§à§Ü§Ú§Þ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§Ú§Þ §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ §Ò§å§Õ§Ö §Ó§ä§â§Ñ§é§Ñ§ä§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§à§Ü §ê§Ó§Ú§Õ§ê§Ú§Þ§Ú §ä§Ö§Þ§á§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §ß?§Ø §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ù §ß§Ú§Ù§î§Ü§Ú§Þ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§Ú§Þ §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ, §ä§à§Ò§ä§à §é§Ú§Þ §Ò?§Ý§î§ê§Ú§Û §Ü§à§Ö§æ?§è??§ß§ä §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ñ, §ä§Ú§Þ §Ó§Ú§ë§Ú§Û §â?§Ó§Ö§ß§î §â§Ú§Ù§Ú§Ü§å §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ.
3. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð ? §®§Ñ§ð§é§Ú ?§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è?§ð §á§â§à §ä§à§é§Ü§å §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä?, §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä?, §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§Ú§Û §Ó§Ñ§Ø?§Ý§î, §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö §â§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ç§à§Ó§å§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú §Þ§à§Õ§Ú§æ?§Ü§Ñ§è??: ? 1. §°§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§è??, §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç?§Õ§ß§Ú§Û §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§ä§â§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§à? §ã§å§Þ§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å: ? 1.1. §µ §ß§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§Þ?§â§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ç (§°§â§Ý(§ß)): ? , ??? (¨ª ) = ?? + ?? ???? ??¨ª ??? (¨ª ) = ?? + ? ???? , ? §Õ§Ö §±§â ¨C §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ñ §ã§å§Þ§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å, §Ô§â§ß. ? 1.2. §µ §Ó§Ñ§â§ä?§ã§ß§à§Þ§å §Ó§Ú§Þ?§â§ß§Ú§Ü§å ??? (?¨¤?) = ?? + (?? §°§â§Ý(§Ó§Ñ§â)): ? ?? , ? ??? (?¨¤?) = ?? + ??¨ª . ??
3. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð ? 2. §³§å§Þ§Ñ §à§é?§Ü§å§Ó§Ñ§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å §á§â§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ß§à§Þ§å §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ù? §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è??: ? 2.1. §°§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ß§à §å §ß§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§Þ?§â§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ç: ? ?? = (??? (¨ª ) * ???? ) - ?? = (??? (¨ª ) -??¨ª) * ???? = ??¨ª * ???? , ? §Õ§Ö §©§®§ß ¨C §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §å §ß§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§Þ?§â§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ç. ? 2.2. §°§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ß§à §å §Ô§â§à§ê§à§Ó§à§Þ§å §Ó§Ú§Þ?§â§ß§Ú§Ü§å: ? ?? = (??? (?¨¤?) *?? ) - ?? = (??? (?¨¤?) -???¨¤?) *?? = ???¨¤? *?? , ? §Õ§Ö §©§®§Ó§Ñ§â ¨C §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §å §Ô§â§à§ê§à§Ó§à§Þ§å §Ó§Ú§Þ?§â§ß§Ú§Ü§å.
3. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð ? 3. §¸?§ß§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? (§¸§Ò), §ä§à§Ò§ä§à §è?§ß§Ñ, §á§â§Ú §ñ§Ü?§Û §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§à §ß§Ö §Ò§å§Õ§Ö §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú §ß? §Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§å, §ß? §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å: ???? ?¨¢ = ?? + ??? ¨ª ( ) ? 4. §¸?§ß§Ñ, §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç?§Õ§ß§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §Ò§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å §á§â§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ß§à§Þ§å §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ù? §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è??: ???? ? ?? ?? ?? = + + ??? ¨ª ( )
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  • 1. §µ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý?§ß§ã§î§Ü§Ú§Û §à§Ò§Ý?§Ü §Õ.§Ö.§ß., §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§à§â §³?§â§Ö§ß§Ü§à §¯§Ñ§ä§Ñ§Ý§ñ §®§Ú§Ü§à§Ý§Ñ?§Ó§ß§Ñ §Ü.§Ö.§ß., §Õ§à§è§Ö§ß§ä §Ü§Ñ§æ§Ö§Õ§â§Ú §æ?§ß§Ñ§ß§ã?§Ó ? §Ü§â§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§å §¢§Ñ§â§Ú§ê§Ö§Ó§ã§î§Ü§Ñ ?§ß§ß§Ñ §£§à§Ý§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§Ú§â?§Ó§ß§Ñ
  • 2. §®§°§¥§µ§­§¾ 2: §°§³§¯§°§£§ª §³§´§²§¡§´§¦§¤?§¹§¯§°§¤§° §°§¢§­?§¬§µ §´§Ö§Þ§Ñ 6: §¡§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù §Ó§Ù§Ñ?§Þ§à§Ù§Ó¡¯§ñ§Ù§Ü§å §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä, §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§å §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? ? §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å 1. §³§å§ä§ß?§ã§ä§î §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§å ?§£-§°-§±? (§³VP-§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù, Cost- Volume-Profit) 2. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? 3. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð 4. §¤§â§Ñ§æ?§é§ß§Ú§Û §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§å ?§£-§°-§±?
  • 3. 1. §³§å§ä§ß?§ã§ä§î §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§å ?§£-§°-§±? (§³VP-§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù, Cost- Volume-Profit) §¢§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§î §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§å ?§£-§°-§±? - §è§Ö §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? (§Ü§â§Ú§ä§Ú§é§ß§Ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ñ, §Þ§Ö§â§ä§Ó§Ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ñ) §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§Õ§ß§à §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§ä§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ú§â§à§Ò§ß§Ú§è§ä§Ó§Ñ, §ä§à§Ò§ä§à §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§å §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä?, §á§â§Ú §ñ§Ü§à§Þ§å §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§à §ß§Ö §à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§ä§î §ß? §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å, §ß? §Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§å
  • 4. 1. §³§å§ä§ß?§ã§ä§î §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§å ?§£-§°-§±? (§³VP-§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù, Cost- Volume-Profit) §®§à§Õ§Ú§æ?§Ü§Ñ§è?? §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§å ?§£-§°-§±? 1) §á§à§ê§å§Ü §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§å §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? ?§Ù §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Þ §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§à§Þ §Ó?§Õ §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §å §ß§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ§å §ä§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§â§ä?§ã§ß§à§Þ§å §Ó§Ú§â§Ñ§Ù? §ä§Ñ ?§Ù §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Þ §é§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Þ §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§à§Þ, §ë§à §Ó§â§Ñ§ç§à§Ó§å? §Ó§á§Ý§Ú§Ó §á§à§Õ§Ñ§ä§Ü§å §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§à§Ü; 2) §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? §Ò§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ä§à§ß§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Ü§Ý§Ñ§ä§å§â§ß§Ú§ç §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó; 3) §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù ?§Ù §Ó§â§Ñ§ç§å§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ§Þ §Ö§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä? §á§à§á§Ú§ä§å; 4) §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §à§á§ä§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à? §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§Ú §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä
  • 5. 1. §³§å§ä§ß?§ã§ä§î §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§å ?§£-§°-§±? (§³VP-§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù, Cost- Volume-Profit) §£§Ú§Õ?§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§î §ä§Ñ§Ü? §à§Ò§Þ§Ö§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Û §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§å§Þ§à§Ó§Ú, §á§à§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ö§ß? §Ó §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§å §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§å ?§£-§°-§±? §ä§Ñ §ñ§Ü? §ã§Ý?§Õ §å§â§Ñ§ç§à§Ó§å§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú §á§â§Ú §Û§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ã§å§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß?: 1. §°§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§Ú§Þ §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§à§Þ §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ ? §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è??; 2. §°§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §Ó§Ú§â§à§Ò§ß§Ú§è§ä§Ó§Ñ §ä§Ñ §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §à§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó?. §´§à§Ò§ä§à §á§â§à§ä§ñ§Ô§à§Þ §á§Ö§â?§à§Õ§å, §ë§à §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§å?§ä§î§ã§ñ, §ã§å§ä§ä?§Ó§Ú§ç §Ù§Þ?§ß §å §Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ê§Ü§Ñ§ç §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã?§Ó §ß§Ö §Ó?§Õ§Ò§å§Ó§Ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ; 3. §¯§Ö§à§Ò§ç?§Õ§ß§à§ð §å§Þ§à§Ó§à§ð §Ù§Õ?§Û§ã§ß§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§å ?§£-§°-§±? ? §á§à§Õ?§Ý §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ñ §Ù§Þ?§ß§ß? §Û §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß?. §¬§Ý§Ñ§ã§Ú§æ?§Ü§Ñ§è?? §á?§Õ§Ý§ñ§Ô§Ñ§ð§ä§î §å§ã? §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ú §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ: §Ó§Ú§â§à§Ò§ß§Ú§é?, §Ñ§Õ§Þ?§ß?§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß?, §ß§Ñ §Ù§Ò§å§ä; 4. §¡§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù ?§£-§°-§±? §Ò§Ñ§Ù§å?§ä§î§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ú§ß§è§Ú§á§Ñ§ç §Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§Ü§å§Ý§ð§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ §Ù§Þ?§ß§ß§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú (§Õ§Ú§â§Ö§Ü§ä- §Ü§à§ã§ä§Ú§ß§Ô). §±§â§à§ä§Ö §Ó?§ß §Þ§à§Ø§Ö §å§ã§á?§ê§ß§à §Ù§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ã§à§Ó§å§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú§ã§ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ø §å §Þ§Ö§Ø§Ñ§ç ?§ß§ê§à? §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§Ü§å§Ý§ð§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ;
  • 6. 1. §³§å§ä§ß?§ã§ä§î §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§å ?§£-§°-§±? (§³VP-§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù, Cost-Volume- Profit) §£§Ú§Õ?§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§î §ä§Ñ§Ü? §à§Ò§Þ§Ö§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Û §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§å§Þ§à§Ó§Ú, §á§à§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ö§ß? §Ó §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§å §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§å ?§£-§°-§±? §ä§Ñ §ñ§Ü? §ã§Ý?§Õ §å§â§Ñ§ç§à§Ó§å§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú §á§â§Ú §Û§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ã§å§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß?: 5. §©§Ñ §Ò§å§Õ§î-§ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô?§Ó §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? §Ù§Þ?§ß§ß? §ä§Ñ §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß? §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ú §Ù§Ò§Ö§â?§Ô§Ñ§ð§ä§î §à§ã§à§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä? §ã§Ó§à?? §á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ?§ß§Ü§Ú: §Ù§Þ?§ß§ß? §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ú §ß§Ñ §à§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§è§ð §Û §Ù§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ñ §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä §Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ê§Ñ§ð§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù §Ù§Þ?§ß. §´§à§Þ§å §æ§å§ß§Ü§è?§ñ §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä §Þ§Ñ? §Ý?§ß?§Û§ß§Ú§Û §Ó§Ú§Ô§Ý§ñ§Õ; 6. §¸?§ß§Ñ §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ê§Ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ §ß§Ö§Ù§Þ?§ß§ß§à§ð §Ù§Ñ §Ò§å§Õ§î-§ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô?§Ó §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è??. §°§ä§Ø§Ö, §æ§å§ß§Ü§è?§ñ §Ó§Ú§â§å§é§Ü§Ú §Þ§Ñ? §Ý?§ß?§Û§ß§Ú§Û §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â ? §Ó?§Õ§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ §ñ§Ü §á§â§ñ§Þ§Ñ §Ý?§ß?§ñ; 7. §¹?§ä§Ü§à §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§ð§ä§î§ã§ñ §Õ§Ö§ñ§Ü? §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ú §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §±§â§à§ä§Ö §Ó §Õ?§Û§ã§ß§à§ã§ä? §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Õ§à§ã§Ú§ä§î §â?§Õ§Ü§à §Ù§Ñ§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ö§Ô?§Õ§î §Ù§ß§Ñ§ð§ä§î §ä§à§é§ß§Ú§Û §â?§Ó§Ö§ß§î §è?§ß §ß§Ñ §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§è?§ð, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ø §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ß§å §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§Ú§ç §ä§Ñ §Ù§Þ?§ß§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä. §´§à§Þ§å §Õ§Ý§ñ §á?§Õ§Ó§Ú§ë§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ñ§Ü§à§ã§ä? §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§å ? §ß§Ñ§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Û§à§Ô§à §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä?§Ó §Õ§à §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? §ã§Ý?§Õ §Ù§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ã§à§Ó§å§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â §ß§Ö§Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§à§ã§ä?, §ä§à§Ò§ä§à §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§ð§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è?? §á§â§Ú §Ù§Þ?§ß? §à§Ü§â§Ö§Þ§Ú§ç §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â?§Ó §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý?; 8. §®§Ñ? §Þ?§ã§è§Ö §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§Ú§Û §Ñ§ã§à§â§ä§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§ä §Ñ§Ò§à §Ó§Ú§â§à§Ò§ß§Ú§è§ä§Ó§à §à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ú§Õ§å §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§è??. §©§Þ?§ß§Ú §Þ§à§Ø§å§ä§î §á§â§Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §Õ§à §Ù§Þ?§ß §å §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ß? §ñ§Ü §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§Ú§ç, §ä§Ñ§Ü ? §Ù§Þ?§ß§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä, §ë§à §Ó§á§Ý§Ú§ß§Ö §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§à§Ü; 9. §©§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ã§à§Ó§å§ð§ä§î§ã§ñ §â§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ß§ä§ß§Ú§Û §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? (§Õ?§Ñ§á§Ñ§Ù§à§ß§å) §ä§Ñ §á§Ö§â?§à§Õ §é§Ñ§ã§å. §¡§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù ?§£-§°-§±? ? ?§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Þ, §ë§à §Ù§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ã§à§Ó§å?§ä§î§ã§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§â§Ú§Û§ß§ñ§ä§ä§ñ §Ü§à§â§à§ä§Ü§à§ã§ä§â§à§Ü§à§Ó§Ú§ç §â?§ê§Ö§ß§î, §ä§à§Þ§å §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç?§Õ§ß§à §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú §á§Ö§Ó§ß§Ú§Û §á§Ö§â?§à§Õ §é§Ñ§ã§å, §á§â§à§ä§ñ§Ô§à§Þ §ñ§Ü§à§Ô§à §Õ?§Û§ã§ß§à §Þ§à§Ø§ß§Ñ §Ó§Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§ä§Ú §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â §Õ§à§ç§à§Õ?§Ó §ä§Ñ §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä §Ý?§ß?§Û§ß§Ú§Þ
  • 7. 1. §³§å§ä§ß?§ã§ä§î §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§å ?§£-§°-§±? (§³VP-§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù, Cost- Volume-Profit) §¬§Ý§ð§é§à§Ó§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú §è§î§à§Ô§à §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§å ? §ä§Ñ§Ü? §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú: - §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§Û §Õ§à§ç?§Õ (§Û§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Þ§Ú §â§à§Ù§Ô§Ý§ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Ó §ä§Ö§Þ? 4); - §ä§à§é§Ü§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä?; - §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä?; - §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§Ú§Û §Ó§Ñ§Ø?§Ý§î
  • 8. 2. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? §´§à§é§Ü§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? ¡ª §è§Ö §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä?, §Ù§Ñ §ñ§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ú§â§å§é§Ü§Ñ §Ó?§Õ §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§è?? (§â§à§Ò?§ä, §á§à§ã§Ý§å§Ô) §Õ§à§â?§Ó§ß§ð? §ã§å§Ü§å§á§ß§Ú§Þ §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ñ§Þ §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §ä§à§Ò§ä§à §è§Ö §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §á§â§à§Õ§Ñ§Ø§å, §Ù§Ñ §ñ§Ü§à§Ô§à §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§à §ß§Ö §Þ§Ñ? §ß? §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å, §ß? §Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§å
  • 9. 2. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? §¥§Ý§ñ §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? §ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§è?§Û§ß§à §Ù§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ã§à§Ó§å§ð§ä§î §ä§â§Ú §á?§Õ§ç§à§Õ§Ú: - §Õ§Ó§Ñ §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§ß? ¡ª §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ §â?§Ó§ß§ñ§ß§ß§ñ ? §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§ç§à§Õ§å; - §Ô§â§Ñ§æ?§é§ß§Ú§Û §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ
  • 10. 2. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? §®§Ö§ä§à§Õ §â?§Ó§ß§ñ§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §ß§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ§å §á?§Õ§ç§à§Õ? §â§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ç§å§ß§Ü§å §æ?§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§å §Ù§Ñ §å§Þ§à§Ó§Ú, §ë§à §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§à§Ü ???¨¤?= ???? §Õ§à§â?§Ó§ß§ð? *??? - §ß§å§Ý§ð ?? §Õ§Ö §´§¢§Ó§Ñ§â ¨C §ä§à§é§Ü§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä?, §Ô§â§ß; §©§£§à§Õ ¨C §Ù§Þ?§ß§ß? §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ú §ß§Ñ §à§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§è§ð §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§è??, §Ô§â§ß; §°§â§Ý ¨C §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§è??, §à§Õ.; §±§£ ¨C §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß? §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ú, §Ô§â§ß.
  • 11. 2. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? §®§Ö§ä§à§Õ §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§ç§à§Õ§å (§á§à§ç?§Õ§ß§Ú§Û §Ó?§Õ §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§å §â?§Ó§ß§ñ§ß§ß§ñ) - §â§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ç§å§ß§à§Ü §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? §Ù§Õ?§Û§ã§ß§ð?§ä§î§ã§ñ ?§Ù §Ù§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ã§å§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ§Þ §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§ç§à§Õ§å §ä§Ñ §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à? §â§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? (§ä§à§Ò§ä§à §Ü§à§Ö§æ?§è??§ß§ä§å §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§ç§à§Õ§å). §±§â§Ú §è§î§à§Þ§å §Ü§â§Ú§ä§Ú§é§ß§Ú§Û §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ §å §ß§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§ç §à§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§è§ñ§ç §Ñ§Ò§à §å §Ô§â§à§ê§à§Ó§à§Þ§å §Ó§Ú§Þ?§â? ??¨ª¨¤¨° =?? ???? ???¨¤?=?? ?? §Õ§Ö §®§¥§à§Õ ¨C §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§Û §Õ§à§ç?§Õ §ß§Ñ §à§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§è§ð §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§è??, §Ô§â§ß; §²§® ¨C §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ §â§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ö§Ý§î§ß?§ã§ä§î (§Ü§à§Ö§æ?§è??§ß§ä §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§ç§à§Õ§å)
  • 12. 2. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? ? §¬§â§Ú§ä§Ú§é§ß§Ú§Û §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? §å §Ó?§Õ§ß§à§ã§ß§à§Þ§å §Ó§Ú§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß? §ß§Ñ§Ù§Ú§Ó§Ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ð §Ó§Ú§â§à§Ò§ß§Ú§é§à§ð §á§à§ä§å§Ø§ß?§ã§ä§ð. ?? % = ( ) * *100 ? ?? ?? ?? ? - ?? k?¨¤?¨¤¨ª = ? §Õ§Ö - §Ü§à§Ö§æ?§è??§ß§ä §á§à§ä§à§é§ß§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ß§ä§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ó§Ú§â§à§Ò§ß§Ú§é§Ú§ç §á§à§ä§å§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û.
  • 13. 2. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? ? §£ §â§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ç§å§ß§Ü§Ñ§ç §Ù§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ã§à§Ó§å§ð§ä§î §ß§à§â§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§å §á§à§ä§å§Ø§ß?§ã§ä§î - §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §Ó§Ú§â§à§Ò§ß§Ú§è§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§è??, §ñ§Ü§Ú§Û §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö §Ó§Ú§Ü§à§ß§Ñ§ä§Ú §Ó §Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §á§Ö§â?§à§Õ §é§Ñ§ã§å §Ù§Ñ §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à ?§ã§ß§å§ð§é§à? §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ú §Ó§Ú§â§à§Ò§ß§Ú§é§Ú§ç §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã?§Ó. ? §¸§Ö§Û §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü §ß§Ñ §Ó?§Õ§Þ?§ß§å §Ó?§Õ §ä§Ö§à§â§Ö§ä§Ú§é§ß§à? §ä§Ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§ß§à? §Ó§Ú§â§à§Ò§ß§Ú§é§à? §á§à§ä§å§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä? §ß§Ö §Þ?§ã§ä§Ú§ä§î ?§ß§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ú§ê§Ü§à§Ó§à§Ô§à? §Ü§à§Þ§á§à§ß§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §å §Ó§Ú§Ô§Ý§ñ§Õ? §Õ§à§Õ§Ñ§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§Õ§ß§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ, §ñ§Ü§Ö §Ó§Ú§Ü§à§â§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ó§å?§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ý§Ú§ê§Ö §å §â§Ñ§Ù? §á?§Õ§Ó§Ú§ë§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §á§à§á§Ú§ä§å §ß§Ñ §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§è?§ð §Ñ§Ò§à §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ù§Õ?§Û§ã§ß§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §â§Ö§Þ§à§ß§ä§å §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§Ú§ç §Ù§Ñ§ã§à§Ò?§Ó.
  • 14. 2. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? ? §¡§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù §Ó§Ù§Ñ?§Þ§à§Ù§Ó'§ñ§Ù§Ü§å ?§£-§°-§±? §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ø §Þ§à§Ø§Ö §Õ§à§á§à§Þ§à§Ô§ä§Ú §å §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß? §Ó§á§Ý§Ú§Ó§å §Ù§Þ?§ß§Ú §â?§Ó§ß§ñ §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§è?? §ß§Ö §ä?§Ý§î§Ü§Ú §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§à§Ü §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ñ§Ý§Ö ? §ß§Ñ §Û§à§Ô§à §Ô§â§à§ê§à§Ó? §á§à§ä§à§Ü§Ú. §¥§Ý§ñ §Ö§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý?§ß§ß§ñ §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §Û§à§Ô§à §Ü§Ö§â?§Ó§ß§Ú§è§ä§Ó§å §á§à§ä§â?§Ò§ß? §Ó?§Õ§à§Þ§à§ã§ä? §á§â§à §Ý?§Ü§Ó?§Õ§ß§å §ä§à§é§Ü§å §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä?.
  • 15. 2. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? ? §­?§Ü§Ó?§Õ§ß§Ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? - §Þ?§ß?§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ §ã§å§Þ§Ñ §Ô§â§à§ê§à§Ó§Ú§ç §Ü§à§ê§ä?§Ó, §ñ§Ü§å §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç?§Õ§ß§à §à§ä§â§Ú§Þ§å§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Ü§â§Ú§ä§ä§ñ §á§à§ä§à§é§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä?. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ ? §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ù§Ó§Ú§é§Ñ§Û§ß§à §Ñ§Ü§ä§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§Þ §á§â§Ú §á§à§Ô?§â§ê§Ö§ß§ß? §Ù§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à? §Ö§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ?§é§ß§à? §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è??, §á§â§Ú §Ó§Ú§â?§ê§Ö§ß§ß? §á§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §á§â§à §ã§Ü§à§â§à§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? §Ñ§Ò§à §Ó §á§Ö§â?§à§Õ, §Ü§à§Ý§Ú §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§à §á§â§Ñ§è§ð? §Ù? §Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ù§Ô?§Õ§ß§à §Ù §Ò§å§ç§Ô§Ñ§Ý§ä§Ö§â§ã§î§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ú.
  • 16. 2. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? ????¨º = ?? - ?? ??? ???? ???? ? - - , ? §Õ§Ö §¯§³ ¨C §Ó§Ñ§â§ä?§ã§ä§î §ß§Ö§Þ§à§ß§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§ß§Ú§ç §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö§Û, §Ô§â§ß; ? §¯§³§à§Õ ¨C §Ó§Ñ§â§ä?§ã§ä§î §ß§Ö§Þ§à§ß§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§ß§Ú§ç §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö§Û §Ó §â§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ç§å§ß§Ü§å §ß§Ñ §à§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§è§ð §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§è??, §Ô§â§ß.
  • 17. 2. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? ? §¯§Ö§Þ§à§ß§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§ß? §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§ä? - §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§ä?, §à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §Ñ§Ò§à §ã§á§Ý§Ñ§ä§Ñ §ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §ß§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ò§Ñ§é§Ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ §å §æ?§Ü§ã§à§Ó§Ñ§ß?§Û §ã§å§Þ? §Ô§â§à§ê§à§Ó§Ú§ç §Ü§à§ê§ä?§Ó §é§Ú ?§ç §Ö§Ü§Ó?§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ö§ß§ä?§Ó ( §Ñ§Þ§à§â§ä§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è?§Û§ß? §Ó?§Õ§â§Ñ§ç§å§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ). §©§Ñ§Ý§Ö§Ø§ß§à §Ó?§Õ §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§å ?§ç §ß§Ñ§â§Ñ§ç§å§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §Ó§à§ß§Ú §Þ§à§Ø§å§ä§î §Ó§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ú §Õ§à §ã§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§å §ñ§Ü §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§Ú§ç, §ä§Ñ§Ü ? §Ù§Þ?§ß§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä. §£?§Õ§á§à§Ó?§Õ§ß§à §ß§Ñ ?§ç §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ß§å §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç?§Õ§ß§à §Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§ê§Ú§ä§Ú §Ñ§Ò§à §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß? §Ñ§Ò§à §Ù§Þ?§ß§ß? §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ú §ß§Ñ §à§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§è§ð §å §æ§à§â§Þ§å§Ý? §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä?.
  • 18. 2. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? ? §²§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä §â§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ç§å§ß§Ü?§Ó §á§à§â?§Ó§ß§ð§ð§ä§î §Ù §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§Þ §é§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Þ §â§å§ç§à§Þ §Ô§â§à§ê§à§Ó§Ú§ç §Ü§à§ê§ä?§Ó §Ù§Ñ §á§Ö§â?§à§Õ. §Á§Ü§ë§à §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§ß§Ö §ß§Ñ§Õ§ç§à§Õ§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ô§â§à§ê§à§Ó§Ú§ç §Ü§à§ê§ä?§Ó §Õ§à§â?§Ó§ß§ð? §Ý?§Ü§Ó?§Õ§ß?§Û §ä§à§é§è? §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä?, §é§Ú ?? §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§Ú§ë§å?, §ä§à §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ô§Ö§ß§Ö§â§å? ?§ç §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§ß§ð §Ü?§Ý§î§Ü?§ã§ä§î §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Ü§â§Ú§ä§ä§ñ §á§à§ä§à§é§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä. §°§ä§Ø§Ö, §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß?§ã§ä§î §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Õ§à§è?§Ý§î§ß§à §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ó§Ø§å§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú, §ß§Ñ§Ó?§ä§î, §Ù§Ñ §ß§Ñ§ñ§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä? §Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü?§Ó §å §æ?§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó?§Û §Ù§Ó?§ä§ß§à§ã§ä?.
  • 19. 2. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? ? §´§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §é§Ú§ß§à§Þ, §ä§à§é§Ü§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§å? §Þ?§ß?§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§Û §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è??, §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç?§Õ§ß§Ú§Û §Õ§Ý§ñ §Õ§à§ã§ñ§Ô§ß§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à? §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä?. §¡§Ý§Ö §Õ§Ñ§ä§Ú §Ó?§Õ§á§à§Ó?§Õ§î §ß§Ñ §á§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ, §é§Ú §á§à§Ý?§á§ê§Ú§Ý§à§ã§ñ §æ?§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó§Ö §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ë§Ö §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ó§à§ß§Ñ §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö. ? §´§à§Þ§å §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §â§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ç§à§Ó§å§ð§ä§î ?§ß§ê? §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú ¡ª §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? ? §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§Ú§Û §Ó§Ñ§Ø?§Ý§î.
  • 20. 3. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð ? §©§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? ¡ª §è§Ö §â?§Ó§Ö§ß§î §á§à§ä§à§é§ß§à? §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §ë§à §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§Ú§ë§å? §ä§à§é§Ü§å §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä?. , ?? = ??? -?? ? §Õ§Ö §°§â§Ý ¨C §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§è?? (§å §Ó§Ñ§â§ä?§ã§ß§à§Þ§å §Ñ§Ò§à §ß§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ§å §Ó§Ú§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß?); §´§¢ ¨C §ä§à§é§Ü§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? (§å §Ó§Ñ§â§ä?§ã§ß§à§Þ§å §Ñ§Ò§à §ß§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ§å §Ó§Ú§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß?).
  • 21. 3. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð ? §¯§Ö§Ù§Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§ð§é§Ú §ß§Ñ §â?§Ù§ß§à§Þ§Ñ§ß?§ä§ß?§ã§ä§î §ß§Ñ§Ù§Ó §Õ§Ñ§ß§à§Ô§à §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ, §ë§à §Ù§å§ã§ä§â?§é§Ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó §Ý?§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â? (§æ?§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó§Ú§Û §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä?, §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã §æ?§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó§à? §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä?, §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§Û §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä?, §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§á§Ö§Ü§Ú, §Ù§à§ß§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§á§Ö§Ü§Ú), §Ó?§ß §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ø§Õ§Ú §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§å? §Þ§Ñ§Ü§ã§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à §á§â§Ú§á§å§ã§ä§Ú§Þ§Ú§Û §â§à§Ù§Þ?§â §Ù§ß§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ó§Ú§â§å§é§Ü§Ú §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù §Ù§Ñ§Ô§â§à§Ù§Ú §à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü?§Ó §Ñ§Ò§à §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç?§Õ§ß§å §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ß§å §Ù§Ò?§Ý§î§ê§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§å §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §Õ§Ý§ñ §Õ§à§ã§ñ§Ô§ß§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §â?§Ó§ß§ñ §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä?. ? §¹§Ú§Þ §Ò?§Ý§î§ê§Ö §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä?, §ä§Ú§Þ §ß§Ñ§Õ?§Û§ß?§ê§Ö §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ñ §â§Ú§ß§Ü§å ? §ä§Ú§Þ §Þ§Ö§ß§ê? §ß§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß? §ß§Ñ§ã§Ý?§Õ§Ü§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §ß§î§à§Ô§à §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Þ§å§ä§î §ä§Ñ§Ü? §ß§Ö§ã§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ý§Ú§Ó? §ä§Ö§ß§Õ§Ö§ß§è??, §ñ§Ü §Ù§ß§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §á§à§á§Ú§ä§å §ß§Ñ §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§è?§ð, §Ù§â§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§à§ë§à.
  • 22. 3. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð ? §¯§Ñ §Ó?§Õ§Þ?§ß§å §Ó?§Õ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §å§ã§å§Ó§Ñ? §Ó§á§Ý§Ú§Ó §Þ§Ñ§ã§ê§ä§Ñ§Ò§å §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ ? §Õ§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ? §à§Ò'?§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à §á§à§â?§Ó§ß§ð§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ù §â?§Ù§ß§Ú§Þ§Ú §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§è?§ß§ð§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú §Ù§Þ?§ß§Ú §æ?§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ë§Ñ §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ñ §â?§Ù§ß§Ú§ç §Ö§ä§Ñ§á§Ñ§ç §Û§à§Ô§à §Ø§Ú§ä§ä?§Ó§à§Ô§à §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§å. ? §©§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä?, §â§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ç§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §å §Ó?§Õ§ã§à§ä§Ü§Ñ§ç. §ß§Ñ§Ù§Ú§Ó§Ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ü§à§Ö§æ?§è??§ß§ä§à§Þ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä?.
  • 23. 3. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð ? §¬§à§Ö§æ?§è??§ß§ä §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? - §ß§Ö §Ó?§Õ§ß§à§ã§ß§Ö §Ù§ß§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô?§Ó §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è??, §ñ§Ü§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö §Õ§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú §ã§à§Ò? §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§à §Õ§à §Õ§à§ã§ñ§Ô§ß§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä?. ? §¹§Ú§Þ §Þ§Ö§ß§ê§Ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä?, §ä§Ú§Þ §Ò?§Ý§î§ê§Ö §Ù§à§ß§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§á§Ö§Ü§Ú §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. k?¨¬ = ?? ? ? ? ?
  • 24. 3. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð ? §©§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §Ü§à§Ö§æ?§è??§ß§ä §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §Ù§Þ?§ß§ð§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú§Þ§å§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ö§Ø§ß§à §Ó?§Õ §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§î §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§å §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è??, §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ü§à§Ö§æ?§è??§ß§ä§Ñ §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§ç§à§Õ§å §Û §â?§Ó§ß§ñ §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä, §à§ã§Ü?§Ý§î§Ü§Ú §à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§ß? §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§ð§ä§î §Ü§â§Ú§ä§Ú§é§ß§Ú§Û §â?§Ó§Ö§ß§î §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä?. ? §¯§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ, §ñ§Ü§ë§à §Ü§à§Ö§æ?§è??§ß§ä §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§ç§à§Õ§å §ä§Ñ §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò?§Ý§î§ß?, §ä§à §Ù§Ò?§Ý§î§ê§Ú§ä§Ú §Ù§à§ß§å §Ò§Ö§Ù§á§Ö§Ü§Ú §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Þ§à§Ø§ß§Ñ §Ý§Ú§ê§Ö §ê§Ý§ñ§ç§à§Þ §ã§Ü§à§â§à§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä. §µ §â§Ñ§Ù? §ß§Ö§Ù§Þ?§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §â?§Ó§ß§ñ §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä ? §Ü§à§Ö§æ?§è??§ß§ä§Ñ §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§ç§à§Õ§å §Ù§â§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §Þ§à§Ø§ß§Ñ §Õ§à§ã§ñ§Ô§ä§Ú §ê§Ý§ñ§ç§à§Þ §Ù§Ò?§Ý§î§ê§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§å §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è??.
  • 25. 3. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð ? §±?§ã§Ý§ñ §Õ§à§ã§ñ§Ô§ß§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§à §Þ§Ñ? §Ó?§Õ§á§à§Ó?§ã§ä§Ú §ß§Ñ §á§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ: §ñ§Ü? §ä§Ö§Þ§á§Ú §Ù§â§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å §ã§Ý?§Õ §à§é?§Ü§å§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú §Ó §Þ§Ñ§Û§Ò§å§ä§ß§î§à§Þ§å §Ù§Ñ ?§ã§ß§å§ð§é§Ú§ç §â?§Ó§ß?§Ó §è?§ß§Ú §ä§Ñ §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ú §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä. ? §¸§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§ß§Ñ §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ú §Ù§Ñ §Õ§à§á§à§Þ§à§Ô§à§ð §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ, §ñ§Ü§Ú§Û §ß§Ñ§Ù§Ú§Ó§Ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§Ú§Þ §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ (§Ó§Ú§â§à§Ò§ß§Ú§é§Ú§Û §Ó§Ñ§Ø?§Ý§î, §Ó§Ú§â§à§Ò§ß§Ú§é§Ú§Û §Ý§Ö§Ó§Ö§â§Ú§Õ§Ø).
  • 26. 3. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð ? §°§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§Ú§Û §Ó§Ñ§Ø?§Ý§î ¨C §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ö §ã§á?§Ó§Ó?§Õ§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§Ú§ç ? §Ù§Þ?§ß§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä, §ñ§Ü§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ò§Ö§Ù§á§Ö§é§å? §Ò?§Ý§î§ê §Ó§Ú§ã§à§Ü§Ú§Û §Ó?§Õ§ã§à§ä§à§Ü §Ù§â§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å, §ß?§Ø §Ó?§Õ§á§à§Ó?§Õ§ß§Ú§Û §Ó?§Õ§ã§à§ä§à§Ü §á§â§Ú§â§à§ã§ä§å §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§å §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è??. ? §³§å§ä§ß?§ã§ä§î §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð §å §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§å§á§ß§à§Þ§å: §é§Ú§Þ §ß§Ú§Ø§é§Ñ §á§Ú§ä§à§Þ§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§Ô§Ñ §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä §Ó §Ù§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ý§î§ß?§Û §ã§å§Þ? §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §ä§Ú§Þ §Þ§Ö§ß§ê§Ñ §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ñ §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§ç§à§Õ§å, §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç?§Õ§ß§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ ?§ç §á§à§Ü§â§Ú§ä§ä§ñ. §©§Ó?§Õ§ã§Ú §Ü§à§Ö§æ?§è??§ß§ä §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§ç§à§Õ§å §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ø §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Þ§Ö §ß§Ú§Ø§é§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ, §ë§à §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ? §Þ§Ö§ß§ê§Ú§Û §Ó§á§Ý§Ú§Ó §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§à§Ü §Ù§Þ?§ß§Ú §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§å §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä?. §´§à§Ò§ä§à §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß? §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ú §Ó§Ú§Ü§à§â§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ó§å§ð§ä§î§ã§ñ §ñ§Ü §Ó§Ñ§Ø?§Ý§î §Õ§Ý§ñ §Õ§à§ã§ñ§Ô§ß§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ä§Ú§ç §é§Ú ?§ß§ê§Ú§ç §Ó?§Õ§ã§à§ä§Ü§à§Ó§Ú§ç §Ù§Þ?§ß §å §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§Ñ§ç §å§ß§Ñ§ã§Ý?§Õ§à§Ü §Ù§Þ?§ß §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§å §á§â§à§Õ§Ñ§Ø§å.
  • 27. 3. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð ? §°§ä§Ø§Ö, §ß§Ú§Ø§é§Ñ §á§Ú§ä§à§Þ§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§Ô§Ñ §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä §ã§ä§Ó§à§â§ð? §ß§Ú§Ø§é§Ú§Û §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§Ú§Û §Ó§Ñ§Ø?§Ý§î, §è§Ö §Ù§å§Þ§à§Ó§Ý§ð? §Þ§Ö§ß§ê§å §Ù§Þ?§ß§å §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å §Ù§Ñ §Ù§Þ?§ß§Ú §Ó§Ú§â§å§é§Ü§Ú §Ó?§Õ §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è??. ? §³§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ú§Þ ? ? §Ù§Ó§à§â§à§ä§ß§Ú§Û §Ù§Ó'§ñ§Ù§à§Ü: §Ò?§Ý§î§ê§Ñ §á§Ú§ä§à§Þ§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§Ô§Ñ §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä - §Ò?§Ý§î§ê§Ú§Û §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§Ú§Û §Ó§Ñ§Ø?§Ý§î - §Ò?§Ý§î§ê§Ú§Û §Ó§á§Ý§Ú§Ó §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§à§Ü §å§ß§Ñ§ã§Ý?§Õ§à§Ü §Ù§Þ?§ß§Ú §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§å §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä?. ? §°§Ò?§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ö §å §è§î§à§Þ§å, §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ù §Þ§Ö§ä§à§ð §Ó§á§Ý§Ú§Ó§å §ß§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§Ú§Û §â§Ú§Ù§Ú§Ü §ä§Ñ §â?§Ó§Ö§ß§î §æ?§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§å §Þ§à§Ø§Ö §Ó§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú §à§á§ä§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ö §ã§á?§Ó§Ó?§Õ§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§Ú§ç ? §Ù§Þ?§ß§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä, §Ó?§Õ§Õ§Ñ§Ó§ê§Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§Ñ§Ô§å §Ó§Ú§ã§à§Ü§à§Þ§å §Ñ§Ò§à §ß§Ú§Ù§î§Ü§à§Þ§å §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Þ§å §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð.
  • 28. 3. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð ? §¬?§Ý§î§Ü?§ã§ß§Ú§Þ §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Þ §â?§Ó§ß§ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð ? §Ü§à§Ö§æ?§è??§ß§ä (§Ö§æ§Ö§Ü§ä, §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â) §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ñ. §±§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§å?, §ß§Ñ §ã§Ü?§Ý§î§Ü§Ú §Ó?§Õ§ã§à§ä§Ü?§Ó §Ù§â§à§ã§ä§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§à§Ü §á§â§Ú §Ù§â§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§ß? §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§å §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §ß§Ñ 1%. . k ??? ?? = ?? ? §£§á§Ý§Ú§Ó §Ù§Þ?§ß§Ú §Ó§Ú§â§å§é§Ü§Ú §Ó?§Õ §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §ß§Ñ §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ß§å §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ: , % ?? % = ?? k ??? ?? % ???% ? §Õ§Ö - §Ù§Þ?§ß? §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å, %; - §Ù§Þ?§ß§Ñ §Ó§Ú§â§å§é§Ü§Ú §Ó?§Õ §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è??, %.
  • 29. 3. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð §±§â§Ú §Ó§Ú§Ü§à§â§Ú§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§ß? §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß?§Ù§Þ§å §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð §ã§Ý?§Õ §å§â§Ñ§ç§à§Ó§å§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú: ?§á§à§Ù§Ú§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§Ú§Û §Ó§á§Ý§Ú§Ó §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð §á§à§é§Ú§ß§Ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ý§Ú§ê§Ö §á?§ã§Ý§ñ §Õ§à§ã§ñ§Ô§ß§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä?, §ä§à§Ò§ä§à §Ü§à§Ý§Ú §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§Û §Õ§à§ç?§Õ §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§ß?§Û §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Ü§â§Ú§ä§ä§ñ §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä; ?§Ö§æ§Ö§Ü§ä §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð §á§â§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ý§Ú§ê§Ö §Ó §Ü§à§â§à§ä§Ü§à§Þ§å §á§Ö§â?§à§Õ? §é§Ñ§ã§å; ?§é§Ú§Þ §Ó§Ú§ë§Ú§Û §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§à§Ü §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §ä§Ú§Þ §ß§Ú§Ø§é§Ú§Û §Ö§æ§Ö§Ü§ä §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð;
  • 30. 3. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð ? §Ù? §Ù§â§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ§Þ §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§å §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §ä§Ñ §Ó?§Õ§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§ñ§Þ §Ó?§Õ §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? §Ó?§Õ§ã§à§ä§à§Ü §á§â§Ú§â§à§ã§ä§å §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§å §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §ã§å§á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ø§å§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú§Þ§Ö§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ù§â§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ð§é§Ú§Þ §ä§Ö§Þ§á§à§Þ §á§â§Ú§â§à§ã§ä§å §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å, §ä§à§Ò§ä§à §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ù §Ó§Ú§ë§Ú§Þ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§Ú§Þ §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ §Õ§à§ã§ñ§Ô§Ñ§ä§Ú§Þ§å§ä§î §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å §ê§Ó§Ú§Õ§ê§Ö; ? §Ù? §Ù§ß§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ§Þ §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§å §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? ? §ß§Ñ§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ§Þ §Õ§à §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ù §Ó§Ú§ã§à§Ü§Ú§Þ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§Ú§Þ §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ §Ò§å§Õ§Ö §Ó§ä§â§Ñ§é§Ñ§ä§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§à§Ü §ê§Ó§Ú§Õ§ê§Ú§Þ§Ú §ä§Ö§Þ§á§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §ß?§Ø §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ù §ß§Ú§Ù§î§Ü§Ú§Þ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§Ú§Þ §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ, §ä§à§Ò§ä§à §é§Ú§Þ §Ò?§Ý§î§ê§Ú§Û §Ü§à§Ö§æ?§è??§ß§ä §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ñ, §ä§Ú§Þ §Ó§Ú§ë§Ú§Û §â?§Ó§Ö§ß§î §â§Ú§Ù§Ú§Ü§å §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ.
  • 31. 3. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð ? §®§Ñ§ð§é§Ú ?§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è?§ð §á§â§à §ä§à§é§Ü§å §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä?, §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä?, §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§Ú§Û §Ó§Ñ§Ø?§Ý§î, §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö §â§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ç§à§Ó§å§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú §Þ§à§Õ§Ú§æ?§Ü§Ñ§è??: ? 1. §°§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§è??, §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç?§Õ§ß§Ú§Û §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§ä§â§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§à? §ã§å§Þ§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å: ? 1.1. §µ §ß§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§Þ?§â§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ç (§°§â§Ý(§ß)): ? , ??? (¨ª ) = ?? + ?? ???? ??¨ª ??? (¨ª ) = ?? + ? ???? , ? §Õ§Ö §±§â ¨C §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ñ §ã§å§Þ§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å, §Ô§â§ß. ? 1.2. §µ §Ó§Ñ§â§ä?§ã§ß§à§Þ§å §Ó§Ú§Þ?§â§ß§Ú§Ü§å ??? (?¨¤?) = ?? + (?? §°§â§Ý(§Ó§Ñ§â)): ? ?? , ? ??? (?¨¤?) = ?? + ??¨ª . ??
  • 32. 3. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð ? 2. §³§å§Þ§Ñ §à§é?§Ü§å§Ó§Ñ§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å §á§â§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ß§à§Þ§å §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ù? §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è??: ? 2.1. §°§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ß§à §å §ß§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§Þ?§â§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ç: ? ?? = (??? (¨ª ) * ???? ) - ?? = (??? (¨ª ) -??¨ª) * ???? = ??¨ª * ???? , ? §Õ§Ö §©§®§ß ¨C §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §å §ß§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§Þ?§â§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ç. ? 2.2. §°§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ß§à §å §Ô§â§à§ê§à§Ó§à§Þ§å §Ó§Ú§Þ?§â§ß§Ú§Ü§å: ? ?? = (??? (?¨¤?) *?? ) - ?? = (??? (?¨¤?) -???¨¤?) *?? = ???¨¤? *?? , ? §Õ§Ö §©§®§Ó§Ñ§â ¨C §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §å §Ô§â§à§ê§à§Ó§à§Þ§å §Ó§Ú§Þ?§â§ß§Ú§Ü§å.
  • 33. 3. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð ? 3. §¸?§ß§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? (§¸§Ò), §ä§à§Ò§ä§à §è?§ß§Ñ, §á§â§Ú §ñ§Ü?§Û §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§à §ß§Ö §Ò§å§Õ§Ö §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú §ß? §Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§å, §ß? §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å: ???? ?¨¢ = ?? + ??? ¨ª ( ) ? 4. §¸?§ß§Ñ, §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç?§Õ§ß§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §Ò§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å §á§â§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ß§à§Þ§å §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ù? §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è??: ???? ? ?? ?? ?? = + + ??? ¨ª ( )
  • 34. 3. §£§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã§å §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §ä§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ð ? §¥§Ý§ñ §ã§ä§Ó§à§â§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §à§á§ä§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à? §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ô?? §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý?§ß§ß§ñ §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§à§Þ §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§à §Þ§Ñ? §Ù§Õ?§Û§ã§ß§Ú§ä§Ú §ä§Ñ§Ü? §Ü§â§à§Ü§Ú: ? §â§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ç§å§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú §ä§à§é§Ü§å §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? - §à§Ò§à§Ó'§ñ§Ù§Ü§à§Ó§Ú§Û §â?§Ó§Ö§ß§î, §ñ§Ü§Ú§Û §á§à§Ó§Ú§ß§ß§Ö §á§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ñ§ä§Ú §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§à, §ë§à §Þ§Ñ? §ß§Ñ §Þ§Ö§ä? §à§ä§â§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å; ? §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ú §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ã §Þ?§è§ß§à§ã§ä? §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§è?§ß§Ü§Ú §ä§à§Ô§à, §ß§Ñ§ã§Ü?§Ý§î§Ü§Ú ?§Ò§Ö§Ù§á§Ö§é§ß?? §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§ß? §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§Ú §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ; ? §à§Ò§é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú §Ö§æ§Ö§Ü§ä §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è?§Û§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ã§ä?§Û§Ü§à§ã§ä? §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å §Õ§à §Ù§Þ?§ß §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô§å §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è??.
  • 35. 4. §¤§â§Ñ§æ?§é§ß§Ú§Û §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§å ?§£-§°-§±? §°§ã§Ü?§Ý§î§Ü§Ú §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý?§Ù ?§£-§°-§±? §à§ç§à§á§Ý§ð? §â?§Ù§ß§à§Þ§Ñ§ß?§ä§ß? §Ù§Ó'§ñ§Ù§Ü§Ú, §ä§à §Õ§Ý§ñ ?§ç §Ó?§Õ§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ã§à§Ó§å§ð§ä§î §Ü?§Ý§î§Ü§Ñ §Ô§â§Ñ§æ?§Ü?§Ó: ?§Ô§â§Ñ§æ?§Ü §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä?; ?§Ô§â§Ñ§æ?§Ü §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§ç§à§Õ§å; ?§Ô§â§Ñ§æ?§Ü §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å.
  • 36. §¤§â§Ñ§æ?§Ü §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? (§â§Ú§ã.1) §Õ§Ö§Þ§à§ß§ã§ä§â§å? §â?§Ó§Ö§ß§î §á§à§ã§ä?§Û§ß§Ú§ç §ä§Ñ §Ù§Þ?§ß§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä ? §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ß§å §Õ§à§ç§à§Õ§å §Ó?§Õ §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è?? §Ù§Ñ §â?§Ù§ß§Ú§ç §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô?§Ó §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä? §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §±§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§Ñ§Ô§à§ð §è§î§à§Ô§à §Ô§â§Ñ§æ?§Ü§Ñ ? §ä§à§Û §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä, §ë§à §Ó?§ß §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ù§å? §Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ?§Ü§å §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä ? §Ó§Ú§â§å§é§Ü§Ú §Ù§Ñ §â?§Ù§ß§Ú§ç §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô?§Ó §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è??. §¯§Ö§Õ§à§Ý?§Ü ¡ª §è§Ö §ß§Ö§Þ§à§Ø§Ý§Ú§Ó?§ã§ä§î §Ò§Ö§Ù§á§à§ã§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§ß§î§à §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ù§Þ?§ß§ß§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä, §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§ç§à§Õ§å §Û §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å §Ù§Ñ §â?§Ù§ß§Ú§ç §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô?§Ó §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä?.
  • 38. §¤§â§Ñ§æ?§Ü §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§ç§à§Õ§å (§â§Ú§ã. 2) §Õ§Ñ? §Þ§à§Ø§Ý§Ú§Ó?§ã§ä§î §Ó§Ú§ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú §Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ?§Ü§å §á§â§Ú§â§à§ã§ä§å §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å §á?§Õ§á§â§Ú?§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §ñ§Ü§Ú§Û §ä§à§ä§à§Ø§ß§Ú§Û §á§â§Ú§â§à§ã§ä§å §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§ç§à§Õ§å. §¤§â§Ñ§æ?§Ü §Þ§Ñ§â§Ø§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§ç§à§Õ§å, §ñ§Ü ? §Ô§â§Ñ§æ?§Ü §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä? §ß§Ö §Õ§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§î §á§â§ñ§Þ§à §Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ú §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ß§å §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å.
  • 40. §¤§â§Ñ§æ?§Ü §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å (§â§Ú§ã. 3) §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§å? §à§é?§Ü§å§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ù§Ó'§ñ§Ù§à§Ü §Þ?§Ø §Ù§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ð §ã§å§Þ§à§ð §Ó§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ä §ä§Ñ §Ó§Ú§â§å§é§Ü§à§ð §Ù§Ñ §â?§Ù§ß§Ú§ç §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô?§Ó §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý?§Ù§Ñ§è??. §£?§ß §ã§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ñ?§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ý§Ú§ê§Ö §Ù §à§Õ§ß??? §Ý?§ß?? ¡ª §Ý?§ß?? §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å, §ë§à §Ò§å§Õ§å?§ä§î§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §á?§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó? §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§î §á§â§Ú§Ò§å§ä§Ü§å §Ù§Ñ §Õ§Ó§à§ç §à§Ò§ã§ñ§Ô?§Ó §Õ?§ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä?. §¸§Ö§Û §Ô§â§Ñ§æ?§Ü §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §ß§Ñ§Ù§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§î §Ô§â§Ñ§æ?§Ü§à§Þ §â§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä?.
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