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                                                                                      1
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                         §à§ã§Ö§ß§î§ð 1791 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §Ó §ã§Ö§Ý§Ö §¬§à§â§í§ä§ß§Ú§è§Ñ §ª§Ô§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à
                         §å§Ö§Ù§Õ§Ñ §®§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ô§å§Ò§Ö§â§ß§Ú§Ú.
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                         §ç§Ú§â§å§â§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§ð, §Ñ §Ó §ã§Ó§à§Ò§à§Õ§ß§à§Ö §à§ä §Ù§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§Û
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                         §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú: §Ó 1829 §Ô§à§Õ§å §á§à §Õ§à§ß§à§ã§å §à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§Ù §ã§ä§å§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó
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                         §Ü§â§Ö§á§à§ã§ä§î.
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                                                                         2
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    §Ù§Ö§â§ß§à§å§Ò§à§â§à§é§ß§à§Û §Þ§Ñ§ê§Ú§ß§í, §ß§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §Ú§Þ ¡°§Ü§à§ß§ß§à§Û §Ù§Ö§â§ß§à§å§Ò§à§â§Ü§à§Û §ß§Ñ §Ü§à§â§ß§ð¡±.

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                                                                       3
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§Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Ú §à§ã§Ó§à§Ú§ä§î §ã§à§Ý§à§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§å§ð §Ô§Ñ§â§Þ§à§ß§Ú§Ü§å ¡ª §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Û §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä,
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                              §á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§ß§í§Þ §ä§à§ß§à§Þ.

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                             §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §Ó §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ö§ã§ñ§ä§Ú§Ý§Ö§ä§Ú§Û.



                                                                    4
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                 §Ó§Ö§â§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ù§Ý§Ö§ä§Ñ.
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§²§Ñ§Û§ä §á§â§à§ê§Ý§à §ê§Ö§ã§ä§î §Ý§Ö§ä).
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                          §Ó §Ö§Ô§à §á§à§ã§ä§â§à§Û§Ü§Ö.

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  • 2. §¢§Ö§Ý§à§â§å§ã§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Ù§Ö§Þ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Õ§Ñ§â§Ú§Ý§Ñ §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§à§Û §ß§Ñ§å§Ü§Ö §ß§Ö§Þ§Ñ§Ý§à §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í§ç §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß. §¯§à §à§ä§Ü§â§í§ä§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ö§ä§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §Ú §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ö §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ó §Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ú§ä§å§ä§Ñ§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ü§à§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§à§â§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ò§ð§â§à §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ú§Û ... §¬§Ñ§â§Þ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §é§Ñ§ã§í §¹§Ñ§ã§à§Ó§í§ç §Õ§Ö§Ý §Þ§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö§â §¤§Ö§ß§â§Ú§ç §³§à§ß §Ú§Ù §®§à§Ô§Ú§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ §Ò§í§Ý §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §ï§Ü§ã§á§à§ß§Ö§ß§ä§à§Þ §à§ä §²§à§ã§ã§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ú§Þ§á§Ö§â§Ú§Ú §ß§Ñ §ä§â§Ö§ä§î§Ö§Û §£§ã§Ö§Þ§Ú§â§ß§à§Û §Ó§í§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ü§Ö 1862 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §Ó §­§à§ß§Õ§à§ß§Ö. §¦§Ô§à §é§Ñ§ã§í §ã §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§à§Þ §ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ö§ä§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §å§Õ§à§ã§ä§à§Ö§ß§í §á§à§é§Ö§ä§ß§à§Ô§à §à§ä§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ. §¦§ë§Ö §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§í§Ö §é§Ñ§ã§à§Ó§í§Ö §Ü§à§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Ü§è§Ú§Ú §³§à§ß §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý §ß§Ñ §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§å§ð §Ó§ã§Ö§Þ§Ú§â§ß§å§ð §Ó§í§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ü§å §Ó 1867 §Ô§à§Õ§å §Ó §±§Ñ§â§Ú§Ø§Ö. §¿§ä§à §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §é§Ñ§ã§í §ã §Ô§à§Õ§à§Ó§í§Þ §Ù§Ñ§Ó§à§Õ§à§Þ, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§Ñ§Ý§Ö§ß§î§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§æ§Ö§â§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §é§Ñ§ã§í §Ó §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö §Ò§â§Ö§Ý§à§Ü§Ñ §Ó §æ§à§â§Þ§Ö §Ù§à§Ý§à§ä§à§Û §á§å§Ý§Ú. §°§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §Ú§ç §Ü§à§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Ü§è§Ú§Ú §Ò§í§Ý§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Þ§Ö§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §é§Ñ§ã§à§Ó§í§ç §ê§Ö§ã§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ß §ß§Ö §Ó §Õ§Ó§å§ç, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à, §Ñ §Ó §á§ñ§ä§Ú §á§Ý§à§ã§Ü§à§ã§ä§ñ§ç §Õ§â§å§Ô §ß§Ñ§Õ §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §Ú §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§Ú§Ý§à §ã§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§í §é§Ñ§ã§à§Ó §Ó §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §â§Ñ§Ù. 1
  • 3. §±§à§Õ§Ó§à§Õ§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ý§à§Õ§Ü§Ñ §¦§Ö §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ö§Ý §¬§Ñ§Ù§Ú§Þ§Ú§â §¹§Ñ§â§ß§à§Ó§ã§Ü§Ú§Û, §å§Þ§Ö§â§ê§Ú§Û §Ó §ã§ã§í§Ý§Ü§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §á§â§Ö§ã§ä§å§á§ß§Ú§Ü. §°§ß §â§à§Õ§Ú§Ý§ã§ñ §à§ã§Ö§ß§î§ð 1791 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §Ó §ã§Ö§Ý§Ö §¬§à§â§í§ä§ß§Ú§è§Ñ §ª§Ô§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§Ö§Ù§Õ§Ñ §®§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ô§å§Ò§Ö§â§ß§Ú§Ú. §£ 1826 §Ô§à§Õ§å §¹§Ñ§â§ß§à§Ó§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §á§à§ã§ä§å§á§Ú§Ý §Ó §®§Ö§Õ§Ú§Ü§à- §ç§Ú§â§å§â§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§ð, §Ñ §Ó §ã§Ó§à§Ò§à§Õ§ß§à§Ö §à§ä §Ù§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§Û §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§Ý §ß§Ñ§Õ §á§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Þ §á§à§Õ§Ó§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §Ý§à§Õ§Ü§Ú §Ú §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý §Ó §ß§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ô§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §á§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§à§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú. §¿§ä§à§ä §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä §ã§í§Ô§â§Ñ§Ý §â§à§Ü§à§Ó§å§ð §â§à§Ý§î §Ó §Ö§Ô§à §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú: §Ó 1829 §Ô§à§Õ§å §á§à §Õ§à§ß§à§ã§å §à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§Ù §ã§ä§å§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §¹§Ñ§â§ß§à§Ó§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §Ò§í§Ý §Ñ§â§Ö§ã§ä§à§Ó§Ñ§ß §Ù§Ñ §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§î §ã §ä§Ñ§Û§ß§í§Þ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ, §Ñ §Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Þ §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß §Ó §±§Ö§ä§â§à§á§Ñ§Ó§Ý§à§Ó§ã§Ü§å§ð §Ü§â§Ö§á§à§ã§ä§î. §¬§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î, §ß§Ö§à§Ò§í§é§ß§à§Ô§à §å§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ö §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã§å§Ö§ä §ß§Ú §ã§Ó§à§Ò§à§Õ§Ñ, §ß§Ú §Õ§Ö§ß§î§Ô§Ú. 19 §Ú§ð§Ý§ñ 1829 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §à§ß §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ý§ã§ñ §Ü §¯§Ú§Ü§à§Ý§Ñ§ð I §ã §á§Ú§ã§î§Þ§à§Þ, §Ó §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Þ §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ý §á§à§ã§ä§â§à- §Ú§ä§î §á§à§Õ§Ó§à§Õ§ß§å§ð §Ý§à§Õ§Ü§å §á§à §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ §é§Ö§â§ä§Ö§Ø§Ñ§Þ §Ù§Ñ 40 §Õ§ß§Ö§Û. §ª§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ö§ä§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ö§ã§ä§å§á§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ §Ò§í§Ý§à §á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§à §á§à§Õ §ã§å§Ü§ß§à, §Ñ §Ö§Ô§à §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§â §å§Þ§Ö§â §Ó §ã§ã§í§Ý§Ü§Ö, §á§â§Ö§Ò§í§Ó§Ñ§ñ §Ó §ß§å§Ø§Õ§Ö §Ú §à§ä§é§Ñ§ñ§ß§Ú§Ú. 2
  • 4. §©§Ö§â§ß§à§å§Ò§à§â§à§é§ß§í§Û §Ü§à§Þ§Ò§Ñ§Û§ß §£§á§Ö§â§Ó§í§Ö §Ó §Þ§Ú§â§Ö §Ö§Ô§à §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§à§Ø§Ú§Ý §Ñ§Ô§â§à§ß§à§Þ §¡§ß§Õ§â§Ö§Û §£§Ý§Ñ§ã§Ö§ß§Ü§à, §à§Ü§à§ß§é§Ú§Ó§ê§Ú§Û §¤§à§â§í-§¤§à§â§Ö§è§Ü§à§Ö §Ù§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §å§é§Ú§Ý§Ú§ë§Ö §Ú §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§Ó§ê§Ú§Û §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §´§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ô§å§Ò§Ö§â§ß§Ú§Ú. §£ §Ú§ð§Ý§Ö 1868 §Ô§à§Õ§å §à§ß §Ú§Ù§Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§Ú§Ý §Ú §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§Ñ§Ý §á§Ö§â§Ó§í§Û §Ó §Þ§Ú§â§Ö §à§á§í§ä§ß§í§Û §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§Ö§è §Ù§Ö§â§ß§à§å§Ò§à§â§à§é§ß§à§Û §Þ§Ñ§ê§Ú§ß§í, §ß§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §Ú§Þ ¡°§Ü§à§ß§ß§à§Û §Ù§Ö§â§ß§à§å§Ò§à§â§Ü§à§Û §ß§Ñ §Ü§à§â§ß§ð¡±. §®§Ñ§ê§Ú§ß§Ñ §£§Ý§Ñ§ã§Ö§ß§Ü§à §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ý§Ñ §Ô§â§Ö§Ò§Ö§ß§Ü§å §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§Ò§â§í§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§à§Ý§à§ã§î§Ö§Ó, §Þ§à§Ý§à§ä§Ú§Ý§Ü§å §Ú §Ü§à§Ó§ê§à§Ó§í§Û §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§á§à§â§ä§Ö§â §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Õ§Ñ§é§Ú §ç§Ý§Ö§Ò§ß§à§Û §Þ§Ñ§ã§ã§í §Ü §Ò§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ò§Ñ§ß§å §Þ§à§Ý§à§ä§Ú§Ý§Ü§Ú, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§à§Û §Õ§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §Ò§å§ß§Ü§Ö§â-§Ý§Ñ§â§î §Õ§Ý§ñ §ã§Ò§à§â§Ñ §ß§Ñ§Þ§à§Ý§à§é§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ö§â§ß§Ñ. §¥§à §ä§Ö§ç §á§à§â §â§å§ã§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ü§â§Ö§ã§ä§î§ñ§ß§Ö §å§Ò§Ú§â§Ñ§Ý§Ú §á§à§Ý§ñ §á§â§Ú §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú §Ü§à§ã §Ú §ã§Ö§â§á§à§Ó, §Ñ §Þ§à§Ý§à§ä§Ú§Ý§Ú §è§Ö§á§Ñ§Þ§Ú. 3
  • 5. §¬§ã§Ú§Ý§à§æ§à§ß §ª§Ù-§Ù§Ñ §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§Ú §®§Ú§ç§Ñ§Ú§Ý §¤§å§Ù§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §á§â§Ú§Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§Ý §ß§à§Ó§í§Û §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä ¡ª §Ü§ã§Ú§Ý§à§æ§à§ß. §°§ß §â§à§Õ§Ú§Ý§ã§ñ §Ó §ã§Ö§ß§ä§ñ§Ò§â§Ö 1806 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §Ó §º§Ü§Ý§à§Ó§Ö, §Ó §ã§Ö§Þ§î§Ö §Ò§Ö§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Ö§Ó§â§Ö§ñ §Ü§Ý§Ö§Ù§Þ§Ö§â-§Ü§Ý§Ñ§â§ß§Ö§ä§Ú§ã§ä§Ñ. §³ §Õ§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú§Ô§â§Ñ§Ý §ß§Ñ §æ§Ý§Ö§Û§ä§Ö. §¯§à §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§Ú, §Õ§Ñ§Ó§ê§Ö§Û §à§ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ §Ý§Ö§Ô§Ü§Ú§Ö, §Ö§Þ§å §á§â§Ú§ê§Ý§à§ã§î §à§ä§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §à§ä §Õ§å§ç§à§Ó§í§ç §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Ú §à§ã§Ó§à§Ú§ä§î §ã§à§Ý§à§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§å§ð §Ô§Ñ§â§Þ§à§ß§Ú§Ü§å ¡ª §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Û §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ý §ã§à§Ò§à§Û §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ú§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Û §ß§Ñ§Ò§à§â §Õ§à§ë§Ö§é§Ö§Ü. §®§Ú§ç§Ñ§Ú§Ý §¤§å§Ù§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §ã§Ö§â§î§Ö§Ù§ß§à §Ö§Ô§à §å§ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý, §å§Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ó §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä- §Ó§à §á§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§ß§à§Ü, §â§Ñ§ã§á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ú§Ó §Ú§ç §Ó §à§ã§à§Ò§à§Þ §á§à§â§ñ§Õ§Ü§Ö §Ú §Õ§à§Ò§Ú§Ó§ê§Ú§ã§î §Ú§ç §ã§Ó§à§Ò§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §Ó§Ú§Ò§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú. §¯§à§Ó§í§Û §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä ¡ª §Ü§ã§Ú§Ý§à- §æ§à§ß ¡ª §à§ä§Ý§Ú§é§Ñ§Ý§ã§ñ §à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à §Þ§ñ§Ô§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ú §á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§ß§í§Þ §ä§à§ß§à§Þ. §¯§Ñ§ê §Ù§Ö§Þ§Ý§ñ§Ü §å§Þ§Ö§â §à§ä §ä§å§Ò§Ö§â§Ü§å§Ý§Ö§Ù§Ñ §Ó 31 §Ô§à§Õ. §©§Ñ§ä§à §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§î §Ü§ã§Ú§Ý§à§æ§à§ß§Ñ §¤§å§Ù§Ú§Ü§à§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ö §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §Ó §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ö§ã§ñ§ä§Ú§Ý§Ö§ä§Ú§Û. 4
  • 6. §£§Ö§â§ä§à§Ý§Ö§ä §±§Ý§à§ä§ß§Ú§Ü, §ã§ä§à§Ý§ñ§â §¶§Ö§Õ§à§â §¦§Ó§ã§ä§Ñ§æ§î§Ö§Ó §à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§ã§ñ §Ó §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î §Ý§Ö§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ñ§á§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§Ñ §Ó§Ö§â§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ù§Ý§Ö§ä§Ñ. §°§ß §â§à§Õ§Ú§Ý§ã§ñ §Ó 1862 §Ô§à§Õ§å §Ó §¢§â§ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Û §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú. §±§â§à§ê§Ö§Ý §ä§â§å§Õ§à§Ó§à§Û §á§å§ä§î §Ò§å§â§Ý§Ñ§Ü§Ñ §Ú §á§Ý§à§ä§à§Ô§à§ß§Ñ, §Ñ §Ó 1903 §Ô§à§Õ§å §á§à§ã§ä§å§á§Ú§Ý §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§å §ã§ä§à§Ý§ñ§â§à§Þ §Ó §á§Ñ§â§à§Ó§à§Ù§ß§à§Ö §Õ§Ö§á§à §¤§à§Þ§Ö§Ý§î. §³§Ñ§Þ§à§å§é§Ü§Ñ §¶§Ö§Õ§à§â §¦§Ó§ã§ä§Ñ§æ§î§Ö§Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ý §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§å§â§ñ§Õ§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§ñ§Þ§Ú. §°§ß §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§â §á§â§Ú§ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §á§à §á§â§à§Ò§Ú§Ó§Ü§Ö §Ø§Ñ§â§à§Ó§í§ç §Ú §Õ§í§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§â§ß§í§ç §ä§â§å§Ò, §à§é§Ú§ã§ä§Ü§Ö §á§Ñ§â§à§Ó§à§Ù§ß§í§ç §Ü§à§ä§Ý§à§Ó §à§ä §ã§Ñ§Ø§Ú, §Ñ §á§å§ä§Ö§Û §à§ä §ã§ß§Ö§Ô§Ñ... §£ 1909 §Ô§à§Õ§å §¦§Ó§ã§ä§Ñ§æ§î§Ö§Ó §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§é§Ú§Ý §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§å §ß§Ñ§Õ §Ý§Ö§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §Ñ§á§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§à§Þ §Ó§Ö§â§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ù§Ý§Ö§ä§Ñ. (§±§à§ã§Ý§Ö §Õ§Ö§Þ§à§ß§ã§ä§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ñ§ï§â§à§á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ñ §Ñ§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ò§â§Ñ§ä§î§Ö§Ó §²§Ñ§Û§ä §á§â§à§ê§Ý§à §ê§Ö§ã§ä§î §Ý§Ö§ä). §£§Ú§ß§ä§à§Ü§â§í§Ý§Ñ§ñ §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§î §Þ§Ö§ä§â§à§Ó§à§Û §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ß§í §á§à§Õ §ß§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ô§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§à§á§ä§Ö§â, §ä§à §Ö§ã§ä§î §Ó§Ú§ß§ä§à§Ó§à§Ö §Ü§â§í§Ý§à, §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ñ §Ó 1909 §Ô§à§Õ§å §ß§Ñ §¦§Ü§Ñ§ä§Ö§â§Ú§ß§à§ã§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ã§Ü§å§ð §á§â§à§Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§å§ð §Ó§í§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ü§å, §Ô§Õ§Ö §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ý§Ñ §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§à§Û §å§ã§á§Ö§ç. §¶§Ö§Õ§à§â §¦§Ó§ã§ä§Ñ§æ§î§Ö§Ó §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ý §à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ö §ã§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§à §ß§Ñ §ï§ä§à §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ö§ä§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §ß§à §ß§Ö §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ý §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à§Û §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ú §Ó §Ö§Ô§à §á§à§ã§ä§â§à§Û§Ü§Ö. 5
  • 7. §¡§Ó§ä§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Ø§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§à§Õ§à§â§à§Ø§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§ä§â§Ö§Ý§Ü§Ñ §¯§Ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§Þ§Ú§â§ß§à§Û §Ó§í§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ü§Ö §Ó §±§Ñ§â§Ú§Ø§Ö (1900 §Ô.) §Ú§ß§Ø§Ö§ß§Ö§â §á§å§ä§Ö§Û §ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§è§Ú§Ú §¢§Ñ§â§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§é§Ú- §±§à§Ý§Ö§ã§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §¯§Ú§Ü§à§Ý§Ñ§Û §©§Ñ§â§Ö§Þ§Ò§à-§£§Ý§Ñ§Õ§í- §é§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §Õ§Ö§Þ§à§ß§ã§ä§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý §é§Ö§â§ä§Ö§Ø §Ú §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§î §Ø§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§à§Õ§à§â§à§Ø§ß§à§Û §ã§ä§â§Ö§Ý§Ü§Ú §ã §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ù§Ñ§ä§Ó§à§â§à§Þ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ã§à§á§â§à§Ó§à§Ø§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §á§à§ñ§ã§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §Ù§Ñ- §á§Ú§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ú §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §å§Õ§à§ã§ä§à§Ö§ß§í §±§à§é§Ö§ä§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§Ú§á§Ý§à§Þ§Ñ. §ª§ß§Ø§Ö§ß§Ö§â §±§à§Ý§Ö§ã§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ø§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§í§ç §Õ§à§â§à§Ô, §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ø§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§à- §Õ§à§â§à§Ø§ß§à§Û §ã§ä§â§Ö§Ý§Ü§Ú §â§à§Õ§Ú§Ý§ã§ñ §à§Ü§à§Ý§à 1843 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §Ó §®§à§Ô§Ú§Ý§Ö§Ó§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ô§å§Ò§Ö§â§ß§Ú§Ú. 6
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