9. 12 tu畉n: Khoang n達o sau thu h畉p d畉n do s畛 ph叩t tri畛n c畛a ti畛u n達o.
Katherine W. Fong et al. Detection of Fetal Structural Abnormalities with US during Early Pregnancy.
Radiographics. 2004;24:157-174.
10. GI畉I PH畉U SIU M
QUY II & III
Vo th畛狸 i畛m ny, ta c坦 th畛 kh畉o
s叩t h畉u h畉t c叩c c畉u tr炭c n達o tr棚n
si棚u 但m.
Ba m畉t c畉t ngang chu畉n (axial
views) 坦 l:
M畉t c畉t 畛i th畛 (thalamic view).
M畉t c畉t n達o th畉t (ventricular
view).
M畉t c畉t ti畛u n達o (cerebellar
view).
Ngoi ra, ng動畛i ta c嘆n th畛c hi畛n
c叩c m畉t c畉t vnh (coronal views)
v m畉t c畉t d畛c (sagittal views).
C.M.Rumack et al. Diagnostic Ultrasound. 3rdEdition. 2005. p1237-1366
20. NANG AM RI MA味CH MA味C VA TRISOMY 18
50% Trisomy 18 c坦 nang 叩m r畛i m畉ch m畉c.
H畉u h畉t Trisomy 18 畛u c坦 nh動ng d畛 t畉t kh叩c i kem:
Thai ch畉m ph叩t tri畛n trong t動 cung (IUGR).
D畛 t畉t 畛 tim (cardiac defects).
Ban tay n畉m ch畉t (clenched hand).
B畉t s畉n x動董ng quay (radial aplasia).
Rockerbottom foot, club foot.
Dandy-walker malformation.
Tho叩t v畛 r畛n (omphalocele).
Single umbilical artery.
21. Thai 17 tu畉n: nang 叩m r畛i m畉ch m畉c hai b棚n, k棚nh nh挑-th畉t
Trisomy 18.
22. A: A strawberry-shaped calvarium in this 19-week-GA
fetus with trisomy 18. B: Choroid plexus cysts are noted
as well-demarcated anechoic spaces within the bulk
(arrows) of the echogenic choroid. C: Small omphaloceles
are additional features of this disorder. D: Bilateral femurs
and remaining long bones are abnormally short (<5th
percentile; femur length of 22 mm = 16 and 4/7 weeks =
賊1.38 weeks).
E: Clenched hands may be observed by two-
dimensional ultrasound and easily seen with three-
dimensional ultrasound. F: A single umbilical artery in
isolation is usually of no clinical significance, but,
with other malformations, contributes to the likelihood
of a chromosomal anomaly. Here, an arrow indicates
the expected location of a nonvisualized umbilical
artery. G: Foot abnormalities include rockerbottom
foot, as seen in a different 23-week fetus on three-
dimensional ultrasound.
23. Clenched hand (bn tay n畉m ch畉t): ng坦n tr畛
担m ch畉t l畉y c叩c ng坦n kh叩c, ng坦n c叩i kh辿p vo
trong. Khi h狸nh 畉nh ny kh担ng thay 畛i trong
su畛t qu叩 tr狸nh kh畉o s叩t si棚u 但m th狸 r畉t g畛i 箪
Trisomy 18.
Kho畉ng 30% thai nhi Trisomy 18 c坦 b畉t
th動畛ng 畛 chi m畛t ho畉c hai b棚n, th動畛ng g畉p
nh畉t l clenched hand v b畉t s畉n x動董ng quay
(radial aplasia).
24. Nang 叩m r畛i m畉ch m畉c hai b棚n, thi畛u s畉n tim tr叩i,
clenched hands Trisomy 18.
25. Rocker horse
B狸nh th動畛ng
Rocker-bottom foot
B狸nh th動畛ng g坦t ch但n kh担ng l湛i ra
sau, l嘆ng bn ch但n cong l探m.
Rocker-bottom foot: ph狸 畉i v湛ng
g坦t va l嘆ng ban ch但n khi畉n cho ban
ch但n c坦 h狸nh d畉ng gi畛ng nh動 c叩i u
l畉c c畛a tr畉 con. G畛i 箪 Trisomy 18.
27. Hockey stick
B狸nh th動畛ng bn ch但n h畛p v畛i c畉ng ch但n m畛t g坦c 900.
Clubfoot (ban ch但n v畉o): s畛 di l畛ch vo trong vo 畉o
ng動畛c l嘆ng bn ch但n, c叩c x動董ng bn ch但n n畉m c湛ng
m畉t ph畉ng v畛i x動董ng chy v x動董ng m叩c, cho ra h狸nh
畉nh gi畛ng nh動 g畉y ch董i hockey (hockey stick). G畛i 箪
Trisomy 21, Trisomy 18.
29. 24 weeks, Trisomy 18: Choroid plexus cyst, hypoplastic nasal bone,
micrognathia, bilateral radial aplasia, clenched hand and club-foot.
30. Peter M. Doubilet et al. Atlas of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003
NO NG TH畛Y
(HYDROCEPHALUS)
N達o 炭ng th畛y l s畛 gia tng th畛 t鱈ch d畛ch n達o t畛y
trong c叩c n達o th畉t.
N坦 bi畛u hi畛n b畉ng s畛 d達n ra c畛a m畛t s畛 ho畉c t畉t c畉
c叩c n達o th畉t, m th動畛ng th畉y nh畉t l n達o th畉t b棚n.
N達o 炭ng th畛y c坦 nhi畛u nguy棚n nh但n: c叩c h畛i ch畛ng
b畉t th動畛ng NST (genetic syndromes), c叩c d畛 t畉t b畉m
sinh c畛a n達o v t畛y s畛ng, nhi畛m tr湛ng trong th畛i k畛
mang thai.
31. Peter M. Doubilet et al. Atlas of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003
M畛t khi n達o 炭ng th畛y 達 動畛c ch畉n o叩n, ta c畉n ph畉i
kh畉o s叩t k畛 l動畛ng h畛p s畛 v h畛 sau.
N達o 炭ng th畛y th動畛ng k畉t h畛p v畛i c叩c b畉t th動畛ng kh叩c
c畛a thai nhi, nh畉t l c叩c c畉u tr炭c n畛i s畛 ho畉c c畛t s畛ng,
畉c bi畛t l動u 箪 畉n tho叩t v畛 mng n達o-t畛y
(meningomyelocele ) v tho叩t v畛 n達o (encephalocele).
Ti棚n l動畛ng b畛nh t湛y thu畛c vo 畛 n畉ng v m畛c 畛
c叩c t畛n th動董ng k畉t h畛p.
33. NO NG TH畛Y (HYDROCEPHALUS)
a. Tr藤畛c 18 tu畉n:
- D畉u hi畛u ong 動a 叩m r畛i m畉ch m畉c (Dangling choroid plexus
sign) l d畉u hi畛u duy nh畉t. 担i khi c坦 t叩c gi畉 g畛i l Hanging
choroid plexus sign.
*V狸 n達o th畉t b棚n c坦 th畛 b畛 d達n m b畛 r畛ng n達o th畉t v畉n
<10mm.
b. Sau 18 tu畉n:
- D畉u hi畛u ong 動a 叩m r畛i m畉ch m畉c.
- B畛 r畛ng n達o th畉t b棚n > 10 mm.
Peter M. Doubilet et al. Atlas of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003
35. Peter M. Doubilet et al. Atlas of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003
Dangling choroid plexus sign, l動u 箪 r畉ng b畛
r畛ng n達o th畉t b棚n < 10 mm (thai 16 tu畉n).
36. Peter M. Doubilet et al. Atlas of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003
B畛 r畛ng n達o th畉t b棚n > 10mm,
叩m r畛i m畉ch m畉c (畉u m滴i t棚n).
Thai 35 tu畉n Thai 30 tu畉n
38. Th畛 chai l m畛t d畉i m担 th畉n kinh gi炭p li棚n k畉t hai b叩n c畉u 畉i
n達o.
B畉t s畉n c坦 th畛 hon ton ho畉c kh担ng hon ton.
Do ph畉n tr動畛c c畛a th畛 chai h狸nh thnh tr動畛c (ph畉n tr動畛c:12-18
tu畉n, h狸nh thnh hon ton: 23-24 tu畉n), cho n棚n khi b畉t s畉n
kh担ng hon ton, ta s畉 kh担ng th畉y ph畉n sau c畛a th畛 chai.
D畛 t畉t ny hay k畉t h畛p v畛i nh動ng b畉t th動畛ng trong v ngoi
n達o.
Th畉y 畛 30% tr藤畛ng h畛p Trisomy 18, 20% tr藤畛ng h畛p
Trisomy 13, 20% tr藤畛ng h畛p Trisomy 8.
B畉T S畉N TH畛 CHAI
(AGENESIS OF THE CORPUS CALLOSUM)
Peter M. Doubilet et al. Atlas of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003
45. Jean-Philippe Bault et al. The Normal and Pathological Fetal Brain - Ultrasonographic Features.
息 Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015
57. Peter M. Doubilet et al. Atlas of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003
Kh担ng th畉y (b畉t s畉n) th湛y giun, nang l畛n 畛 h畛 sau (*), 2 b叩n c畉u
ti畛u n達o b畛 畉y d畉t (畉u m滴i t棚n), n達o 炭ng th畛y.
58. Nang h狸nh thnh trong c叩c l畛p c畛a mng
nh畛n.
Th動畛ng th畉y 畛 動畛ng gi動a, nh動ng c滴ng
c坦 th畛 c坦 畛 b畉t c畛 n董i no trong v嘆m s畛.
Nang 畛 r達nh li棚n b叩n c畉u 畉i n達o c坦 th畛
k畉t h畛p v畛i b畉t s畉n th畛 chai (corpus
callosum).
N畉u nang 畛 h畛 sau c坦 th畛 ch竪n 辿p c畛ng
Sylvius g但y n達o 炭ng th畛y.
Nang 畛 動畛ng gi動a c畉n d湛ng Doppler
mu 畛 ph但n bi畛t v畛i ph狸nh t挑nh m畉ch
Galen.
NANG MNG NHI畛N
(ARACHNOID CYST)
Peter M. Doubilet et al. Atlas of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003
59. Peter M. Doubilet et al. Atlas of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003
Nang mang nh畛n 畛 r達nh li棚n b叩n c畉u (m滴i t棚n),
s畛ng ch畉m n達o th畉t b棚n (c叩c 畉u m滴i t棚n).
68. Peter M. Doubilet et al. Atlas of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003
D嘆ng cu畛n xo叩y (turbulent) trong t炭i ph狸nh
69. Peter M. Doubilet et al. Atlas of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003
D嘆ng cu畛n xo叩y (turbulent) trong 畛ng m畉ch 畉n
(AR), t炭i ph狸nh (m滴i t棚n), t挑nh m畉ch d畉n l動u (v).
70. D達n c叩c 畛ng
m畉ch c畛a a gi叩c
Willis.
Ph狸nh TM Galen v
d達n TM d畉n l動u
(m滴i t棚n).
71. Jean-Philippe Bault et al. The Normal and Pathological Fetal Brain - Ultrasonographic Features.
息 Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015
73. Jean-Philippe Bault et al. The Normal and Pathological Fetal Brain - Ultrasonographic Features.
息 Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015
74. D嘆ng cu畛n xo叩y (turbulent) trong
t炭i ph狸nh
Tim thai d達n l畛n (suy tim thai)
75. Chi畉m 5% khuy畉t t畉t c畛a 畛ng th畉n
kinh.
B畛nh c滴ng c坦 th畛 th畉y trong h畛i
ch畛ng d畉i 畛i (amniotic band
syndrome), h畛i ch畛ng Meckel-
Gruber.
V嘆m s畛 b畛 khuy畉t v h狸nh thnh
m畛t t炭i tho叩t v畛. Trong t炭i tho叩t v畛
ch畛a m担 n達o lo畉n s畉n, ho畉c ch畛 c坦
mng n達o v d畛ch n達o t畛y.
THOT V畛 NO
(ENCEPHALOCELE)
Peter M. Doubilet et al. Atlas of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003
77. Peter M. Doubilet et al. Atlas of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003
THOAT V畛 NO DO KHUY畉T T畉T C畛A NG TH畉N KINH
- Tho叩t v畛 畛 動畛ng gi動a, ph畉n l畛n 畛 v湛ng ch畉m, 鱈t h董n 畛 v湛ng tr叩n ho畉c 鱈nh.
- N畉u 畛 v湛ng tr叩n c坦 th畛 k竪m theo t畉t hai m畉t c叩ch xa (hypertelorism).
- N達o 炭ng th畛y th動畛ng k畉t h畛p.
91. Peter M. Doubilet et al. Atlas of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003
H畛I CH畛NG D畉I I
- Ch畉n o叩n h畛i ch畛ng ny c畉n 動畛c ngh挑 t畛i khi th畉y thai nhi b畛 c畛t
chi ho畉c khi th畉y c坦 ch畛 khuy畉t kh担ng i畛n h狸nh 畛 v湛ng b畛ng, ng畛c
hay v湛ng s畛 (tho叩i v畛 n達o kh担ng n畉m tr棚n 藤畛ng gi畛a).
- 担i khi ta th畉y 動畛c d畉i 畛i bng ngang khoang 畛i, b叩m vo thai nhi.
128. Ch畛ng l畛 n達o l b畉t th動畛ng c畛a
v畛 n達o khi nhu m担 n達o b畛 t畛n
th動董ng, thay th畉 b畉ng c畉u tr炭c
nang d畛ch. Nang ny c坦 th畛
th担ng ho畉c kh担ng th担ng v畛i
n達o th畉t.
Ch畛ng ny th動畛ng xu畉t hi畛n 畛
quy III ho畉c sau sinh. Th藤畛ng
l do h畉u qu畉 c畛a xu畉t huy畉t
trong nhu m担 n達o.
CH畛NG L畛 NO
(PORENCEPHALY)
Peter M. Doubilet et al. Atlas of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003
129. Peter M. Doubilet et al. Atlas of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003
Porencephaly th担ng th動董ng v畛i n達o th畉t b棚n
136. D畛 t畉t ny 動畛c cho l do t畉c ngh畉n 畛ng m畉ch c畉nh trong
hai b棚n g但y nh畛i m叩u c畉 hai b叩n c畉u 畉i n達o.
B畉t th動畛ng x畉y ra sau khi n達o v n達o th畉t 達 ph叩t tri畛n (quy
II).
M担 n達o ho畉i t畛 動畛c h畉p thu, thay th畉 b畉ng d畛ch l畉p 畉y 畉u
thai nhi. Li畛m n達o c嘆n hi畛n di畛n.
CH畛NG NO N蕩畛C
(HYDRANENCEPHALY)
Peter M. Doubilet et al. Atlas of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003
137. 担i khi d畛ch ny ph叩t tri畛n nhanh g但y 畉u to (macrocephaly).
C叩c c畉u tr炭c do M th但n n畛n chi ph畛i s畉 kh担ng b畛 t畛n th動董ng:
ti畛u n達o, n達o gi動a, 畛i th畛, h畉ch n畛n, v ph畉n th湛y ch畉m. Do
v畉y, thai nhi v畉n c嘆n b畉o t畛n nhi畛u ch畛c nng nh動: b炭, nu畛t,
ph畉n x畉.
HYDRANCEPHALY
- H畛p s畛 ch畛a 畉y d畛ch, kh担ng th畉y v畛 n達o.
- Hi畛n di畛n li畛m n達o.
- Th畉y c叩c c畉u tr炭c n達o gi動a v ti畛u n達o.
138. Peter M. Doubilet et al. Atlas of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003
N達o th畉t b棚n d達n l畛n (v) v畛i d畛ch c坦 h畛i 但m (m叩u). M滴i t棚n ch畛 v湛ng
n達o gi動a. V湛ng v畛 n達o c嘆n l畉i r畉t m畛ng (gi動a c叩c 畉u m滴i t棚n).
139. Peter M. Doubilet et al. Atlas of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003
H畛p s畛 ch畛a 畉y d畛ch, hi畛n di畛n li畛m n達o va n達o gi動a, kh担ng th畉y v畛
n達o. Ch畉t l畉ng 畛ng di chuy畛n khi thay 畛i t動 th畉 (m滴i t棚n).
142. Alfred B. Kurtz, MD et al. Case 7: Hydranencephaly. Radiology.
1999;210:419-422
H畛p s畛 ch畛a 畉y d畛ch,
hi畛n di畛n li畛m n達o, 畛i
th畛 (T), ti畛u n達o.
143. C嘆n g畛i la Chiari II malformation. T畉n su畉t x畉y ra: 2/1.000 tr畉 sinh
ra 畛i.
Th畉t b畉i trong vi畛c 坦ng cung sau c畛a 畛t s畛ng h狸nh thnh n棚n gai
担i m畛. 但y l m畛t b畉t th動畛ng trong s畛 ph叩t tri畛n c畛a 畛ng th畉n kinh.
Mng n達o, r畛 d但y th畉n kinh, t畛y s畛ng tho叩t v畛 qua ch畛 h畛 畛 cung
sau g但y n棚n tho叩t v畛 mng n達o-t畛y (meningomyelocele). T畛n
th藤董ng hay x畉y ra 畛 o畉n l藤ng th畉p ho畉c o畉n c湛ng.
Ti畛u nao b畛 thoat v畛, b棚 l畛n (cisterna magna) b畛 x坦a.
Thi畉u acid folic trong gian o畉n s畛m c畛a thai ngh辿n 動畛c xem l
m畛t y畉u t畛 nguy c董.
4% thai nhi b畛 d畛 t畉t nay c坦 b畉t th動畛ng NST (Trisomy 18, 13).
GAI I 畛T S畛NG V THOT V畛 MNG NO-T畛Y
(SPINA BIFIDA & MENINGOMYELOCELE)
145. Tuy theo thanh ph畉n trong t炭i tho叩t v畛 ma ng動畛i ta c坦 nhi畛u t棚n g畛i kh叩c
nhau: a. Meningocele (ch畛 co tui d畛ch), b. Myelomeningocele (tui d畛ch
co ch畛a tuy s畛ng), c. Myeloschisis (ch担 khuy畉t kh担ng co da bao phu).
168. C. M. Rumack et al. Diagnostic Ultrasound. 5th Edition. 2018
169. C. M. Rumack et al. Diagnostic Ultrasound. 5th Edition. 2018
170. C. M. Rumack et al. Diagnostic Ultrasound. 5th Edition. 2018
171. Fetuses with closed, skin-covered spina bifida do not have a Chiari II
malformation and lack the typical intracranial signs. The maternal
serum (MS-AFP) is normal because the skin covers the defect.
172. 但y l nguy棚n nh但n th動畛ng g畉p nh畉t c畛a v畉o, g湛 c畛t
s畛ng b畉m sinh do b畉t s畉n m畛t b棚n c畛a 畛t s畛ng.
T畉T N畛A 畛T S畛NG
(HEMIVERTEBRA)
176. U t畉 bo m畉m (germ-cell tumor)
xu畉t ph叩t 畛 v湛ng c湛ng c畛t.
N動/Nam = 4/1.
U c坦 th畛 ph叩t tri畛n ra ngoi
v/ho畉c vo trong khung ch畉u.
N畉u ph叩t tri畛n vo trong c坦 th畛
x但m l畉n lm t畉c h畛 ni畛u g但y th畉n
tr動畛ng n動畛c.
U QUI VNG CNG-C畛T
(SACROCOCCYGEAL TERATOMA)
Peter M. Doubilet et al. Atlas of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003
177. U ph叩t tri畛n ra ngoi ph叩 h畛y x動董ng c湛ng-c畛t, x動董ng
ch畉u.
U l畛i vo trong c坦 th畛 lm t畛n th動董ng th畉n kinh g但y
ch畛ng bng quang th畉n kinh v li畛t chi d動畛i.
Lo畉i u ny r畉t giu m畉ch m叩u v ph叩t tri畛n r畉t nhanh.
Thai d畛 nguy c董 suy tim do tng cung l動畛ng v ph湛
thai.
U l畛i ra ngoi c坦 ti棚n l動畛ng t畛t h董n u l畉n vo trong.
Peter M. Doubilet et al. Atlas of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003
178. Peter M. Doubilet et al. Atlas of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003
U QUI VNG CNG-C畛T
- Kh畛i u l畛i ra ngoi:
+ C畉u tr炭c h畛i 但m h畛n h畛p xu畉t ph叩t t畛 o畉n cu畛i c畛t
s畛ng l畛i ra sau v xu畛ng d動畛i.
+ U giu t動畛i m叩u (hypervascularisation).
- Kh畛i u l畉n vo trong:
+ Kh坦 x叩c 畛nh ranh gi畛i v狸 u th動畛ng x但m l畉n c叩c c畉u
tr炭c trong khung ch畉u.
+ Th畉n tr動畛ng n動畛c (do t畉c ngh畉n ni畛u qu畉n ho畉c do
bng quang th畉n kinh).
- Suy tim (賊).
- Ph湛 thai (賊).
179. Marilyn J. Siegel et al. Pediatric Sonography. 3rd edition. 2002
PHN LO畉I
Type I (45%): Kh畛i u 動u th畉 l畛i ra ngoi.
Type II (35%): Kh畛i u v畛a l畛i ra ngoi v畛a l畉n vo trong.
Type III (10%): Kh畛i u 動u th畉 l畉n vo trong.
Type IV (10%): Kh畛i u ch畛 l畉n vo trong, tr動畛c x動董ng c湛ng-c畛t.
180. Peter M. Doubilet et al. Atlas of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003
C畉t d畛c: U t畛 v湛ng t畉n c湛ng c畛a c畛t
s畛ng ph叩t tri畛n ra sau va xu畛ng
d動畛i (c叩c m滴i t棚n l畛n).
C畉t ngang khung ch畉u (P): U ph叩t
tri畛n ra sau (c叩c m滴i t棚n).
189. TI LI畛U THAM KH畉O
C. M. Rumack et al. Diagnostic Ultrasound. 5th Edition. 2018.
Peter M. Doubilet et al. Atlas of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
2003
Marilyn J. Siegel et al. Pediatric Sonography. 3rd edition. 2002
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