7th grade World History Visual Summary
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The document outlines the rise and fall of various empires, including the Roman Empire, Islamic empires, and dynasties in China, along with their cultural achievements and societal structures. It discusses the impact of feudalism in Europe and Japan, the Renaissance fueled by trade, and the Enlightenment fostering ideas about democracy and individual rights. Additionally, it highlights the civilizations of Mesoamerica and the consequences of the Columbian Exchange on global interactions.
7th grade World History Visual Summary
- 1. The Roman Empire at Its Height, 117 N N o rt h W Se a Roman Empire BRITAIN 0 250 500 Miles E Londinium S (London) 0 250 500 Kilometers Rhi GERMANY n Lutetia e (Paris) River AT L A NT I C EUROPE Danu Ca OCEAN be sp GAUL Ri v e r ia n Se B l a ck Se a a SPAIN ITALY Rome Byzantium Tigris ASIA Ri v MINOR ASIA er GREECE Eu phra te s Rive Carthage r Athens SYRIA M e d i t e rr a n e a n Se a Damascus Jerusalem AFRICA Alexandria EGYPT Ni le Re River d Se a
- 2. Barbarian invasions and internal problems caused The Romans built a huge, the collapse of the powerful empire and Roman Empire. made many contributions to art, architecture, law, and other fields. The eastern Byzantine Empire remained after the Roman Empire fell and Western Roman Empire was an important center Eastern Roman Empire of Christianity and trade.
- 3. Roman Accomplishments Government Architecture Importance of written laws Large and strong buildings Equal treatment for all Columns and open spaces citizens Art Rights and duties of citizens Realistic statues Engineering Lifelike portraits Excellent, durable roads Philosophy Strong bridges Focused on improving Aqueducts to move water peoples lives Building designs that inspired Stoic philosophy emphasiz- later societies ing peoples civic duty
- 4. Medina ARABIA Mecca
- 5. Nomads in Arabia moved Muslims, followers with their animals as the of Islam, worship in seasons changed and traded mosques and study with townspeople for goods. the Quran and the Sunnah. Muhammad, a trader from Mecca, taught about a religion called Islam.
- 6. Islam spread from Arabia to the west and east. Later, three large Islamic empires developed, and Muslims made great The Safavid Empire contributions to learning. was centered in Persia, or modern Iran. The Mughal Empire was centered in modern India. ANATOLIA PERSIA INDIA ARABIA The Ottoman Empire was centered in Anatolia.
- 7. S A H A R A WEST AFRICA Timbuktu Nig er Ri er v Djenn辿
- 8. The Ghana Empire developed in West Malis kings built Africa and controlled an empire and the trade in salt spread Islam in and gold. West Africa. The Songhai Empire continued to spread Islam. The history of West Africa has been preserved through storytelling, writing, music, and art.
- 9. He g H uan w (Y e ll o Changan Riv e r) Chang J i a ng (Yan gz i ver) Ri CHINA
- 10. China was reunified, and Buddhism spread during the Sui and Tang dynasties. Farming and trade grew under the Tang and Song dynasties. Confucian thought influenced Chinese government and education. The powerful Yuan and Ming dynasties strengthened China, and expanded trade, but then China became isolated.
- 11. Chinese Inventions Paper Invented during the Han dynasty around 105, paper was one of the greatest of all Chinese inventions. It gave the Chinese a cheap and easy way of keeping records and made printing possible. Porcelain Porcelain was first made during the Tang dynasty, but it wasnt perfected for many centuries. Chinese artists were famous for their work with this fragile material. Woodblock printing The Chinese invented printing during the Tang dynasty, centuries before it was known in Europe. Printers could copy drawings or texts quickly, much faster than they could be copied by hand. Gunpowder Invented during the late Tang or early Song dynasty, gunpowder was used to make fireworks and signals. The Chinese did not generally use it as a weapon. Movable type Inventors of the Song dynasty created movable type, which made printing much faster. Carved letters could be rearranged and reused to print many different messages. Magnetic compass Invented no later than the Han period, the compass was greatly improved by the Tang. The new compass allowed sailors and merchants to travel vast distances. Paper money The worlds first paper money was invented by the Song. Lighter and easier to handle than coins, paper money helped the Chinese manage their growing wealth.
- 13. Japans early culture was influenced A golden age of Japanese art and culture After the Heian Period, the Japanese by China and Korea. occurred during Japans Heian Period. created a military society.
- 14. Samurai Society Emperor The emperor was a figurehead for the powerful shogun. Shogun A powerful military leader, the shogun ruled in the emperors name. Daimyo and Samurai Daimyo were powerful lords who often led armies of samu- rai. Samurai warriors served the shogun and daimyo. Peasants Most Japanese were poor peasants who had no power.
- 15. ENGLAND EUROPE FRANCE SPAIN ITALY
- 16. Life in Europe was based on After Rome fell, feudalism and Christianity spread manor life. into northern Europe. JAPAN Rome Both Europe and Japan developed feudal societies.
- 17. Feudal Society Kings and Queens Kings and queens were the greatest lords of Europe, and all nobles and knights were their vassals. Nobles Nobles were vassals of kings and queens. Many were also lords of lower- ranking nobles and knights. Knights Knights served their noble lords in exchange for land. Peasants Peasants owned no land, so they were not part of the feudal system. But many peasants worked on land owned by nobles or knights.
- 18. The Renaissance Trade Growth of with Asia trading cities Humanism Printing press The Renaissance was built on trade with Asia and the growth of independent trading cities. Renaissance thinkers focused on the ideas of humanism, and the printing press helped spread their ideas across Europe.
- 19. Protestant Catholic Unhappy with the Catholic Church, The Protestant Reformation led to The split in the church changed the reformers in Europe began to break efforts to reform the Catholic Church. religious map of Europe. away and form Protestant churches.
- 20. The roots of the Scientists like The ideas of Scientific Copernicus and Bacon and Revolution Newton made Descartes helped included Greek important create the and Muslim discoveries about scientific method. science, the universe. Renaissance humanism, and world exploration.
- 21. Trade Exploration Market economies The Age of Explo- Beginning in the late ration led to the 1400s, European exchange of plants New trading patterns explorers sailed around and animals and to led to the development the globe and discov- the growth of world of market economies ered the true size and trade. based on supply and shape of the world. demand.
- 22. MESOAMERICA Tenochtitl叩n Palenque Tikal
- 23. Quito AN DE S Cuzco
- 24. People arrived in the By 2500 BC people The Maya built cities in The Maya civilization Americas sometime in Mesoamerica had the Americas during their eventually collapsed, but before 10,000 BC. domesticated maize. Classic Age. no one knows why.
- 25. The Aztecs built a great empire from their capital at Tenochtitl叩n. Spanish explorers led by Hern叩n Cort辿s conquered the Aztecs in 1521. The Inca Empire stretched along the west coast of South America. Francisco Pizarro and a group of Spanish explorers conquered the Incas in 1537.
- 27. Enlightenment ideas helped inspire revolutions in America and Europe. The Enlightenment New governments created influential documents based on Enlightenment Enlightenment thinkers developed new ideas that guaranteed peoples rights ideas about government and society. and freedoms.
- 28. Ideas of the Enlightenment The ability to reason is what makes humans unique. Reason can be used to solve problems and improve peoples lives. Reason can free people from ignorance, superstition, and unfair government. The natural world is governed by laws that can be discovered through reason. Like the natural world, human behavior is governed by natural laws. Governments should reflect natural laws and encourage education and debate.
- 29. Documents of Democracy The growth of modern democracy was greatly influenced by several key documents, which are shown here. Which two documents contain some of John Lockes ideas? Magna Carta (1215) The English Limited the power of the Bill of Rights (1689) monarchy Outlawed cruel and Identified peoples rights unusual punishment to property Guaranteed free Established peoples speech for members right to trial by a jury of Parliament The United States Declaration The French Declaration of Independence (1776) of the Rights of Man and Declared that people have of the Citizen (1789) natural rights that governments Stated that the French government must protect received its power from the people Argued that people have the Strengthened individual rights and right to replace their government equality
- 30. THE WORLD 0 2,000 mi 0 2,0 00 km 息 2003 National Geographic Society www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions