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Protection of 
programming 
languages 
Dr P. P. Polanski 
Kozminski 
University
What are programming languages? 
Source: http://www.definitelysimple.com/articles/life-around-programming-languages/ 
programming-life.jpg
Multitude of languages 
Source: http://www.opendocs.org/images/progLanguages.jpg
They are evolving 
Source: http://xrds.acm.org/resources/how-to-learn-programming-languages.cfm
Their popularity varies 
http://smthngsmwhr.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/top_languages_chart1.png
They fall into two distinct categories
Interpreters
Compilers
Programming 
tools (IDE)
ARE COMPUTER LANGUAGES 
PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHTS IN THE EU?
JUDGMENT OF THE COURT OF 2 MAY 
2012 IN CASE C-406/10, SAS INSTITUTE 
INC. V WORLD PROGRAMMING LTD
WPL WROTE SOFTWARE THAT COULD RUN 
SAS LANGUAGE BY STUDYING SAS SOFTWARE
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COMPUTER LANGUAGES ARE NOT 
PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT IN 
COMPUTER PROGRAMS
PROTECTION OF PROGRAMMING 
LANGUAGES BY „TRADITIONAL” COPYRIGHT 
HAS NOT BEEN RULED OUT
WHAT IS AN ORIGINAL 
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE?
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IS HTML AND CSS A 
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE? 
Source: http://usabilitygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/HTML-Guidelines-Usability-SEO-CSS.jpg
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! 
Contact: 
ppolanski@elaw.pl 
Disclaimer: 
All graphics in this presentation have been used in accordance with the copyright law exemption related to 
education and teaching.

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