ºÝºÝߣ

ºÝºÝߣShare a Scribd company logo

997520 edema

•Download as PPT, PDF•
•
A
abctutor

Examville.com is an online learning platform that provides practice tests, live classes, tutoring, study guides, Q&A, and premium content to help students prepare for exams. The document then discusses the presence of excess fluid in body tissues (edema), its intracellular and extracellular causes, and factors that can increase capillary filtration leading to extracellular edema such as increased capillary pressure, decreased plasma protein, and increased capillary permeability. Safety factors that prevent edema are also summarized.

1 of 15
Download to read offline
www.Examville.com Online practice tests, live classes, tutoring, study guides Q&A, premium content and more .
EDEMA : presence of excess fluid in the body tissues
A. Intracellular Edema a . depression of the metabolic systems of the tissues b. lack of adequate nutrition to the cells
A. Extracellular Edema a. abnormal leakage of fluid from the plasma to the interstitial spaces across the capillaries failure of the lymphatics to return fluid from the interstitium back into the blood The most common clinical cause of interstitial fluid accumulation is excessive capillary fluid filtration
Factors That Can Increase Capillary Filtration 1. Filtration Coefficient – product of permeability and surface area of the capillaries ( Kf) 2. Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure ( Pc) 3. Interstitial Fluid hydrostatic Pressure ( Pif) 4. Capillary Plasma colloid Osmotic Pressure (iic) 5. Interstitial Fluid Colloid Osmotic Pressure (iiif) Filtration = Kf x ( Pc – Pif – iic + iiif )
Major Factors that cause Increased Capillary Filtration of Fluid and Protein into the Interstitium: 1. Increased capillary Hydrostatic Pressure 2. Decreased Plasma Colloid Osmotic Pressure 3. Increased Capillary Permeability
Summary of Causes of Extracellular Edema Increased capillary pressure A. Excessive kidney retention of salt and water 1. Acute and chronic kidney failure 2. Mineralocorticoid excess
B. High venous pressure 1. Heart failure 2. Venous obstruction 3. Failure of venous pump a) paralysis of muscles b) immobilized parts of body c) Failure of venous valves
C. Decreased arteriolar resistance 1. Excessive body heat 2. Insufficiency of sympathetic nervous system 3. Vasodilator drugs
II. Decreased plasma protein A. Loss of proteins in urine (nephrotic syndrome) B. Loss of protein from denuded skin areas 1. Burns 2. Wounds C.Failure to produce proteins 1. Liver disease 2. Serious protein or caloric malnutrition
III. Increased capillary permeability A. Immune reactions that cause release of histamine B. Toxins C. B acterial infections D. Vitamin deficiency, especially vitamin C E. P rolonged ischemia F. Burns
IV. Blockage of lymph return A. Cancer B. Infections (filarial nematodes) C. Surgery D. Congenital absence or abnormality of lymphatic vessels
Safety Factors That Prevent Edema 1. The safety factors caused by low tissue compliance ( -3mmHg ) 2. The safety factor caused by increased lymph flow ( 7 mmHg ) 3. The safety factor caused by washdown of proteins from the interstitial spaces ( 7 mmHg )
DAILY INTAKE AND OUTPUT OF WATER (in ml/day)________ Normal Prolonged Heavy Exercise Intake Fluids ingested 2100 ? From metabolism 200 200 Total intake ? Output Insensible – Skin 350 350 Insensible - Lungs 350 650 Sweat 100 5000 Feces 100 100 Urine 1400 500 Total output 2300 6600
It’s FREE to join. http://www.examville.com

More Related Content

997520 edema

  • 1. www.Examville.com Online practice tests, live classes, tutoring, study guides Q&A, premium content and more .
  • 2. EDEMA : presence of excess fluid in the body tissues
  • 3. A. Intracellular Edema a . depression of the metabolic systems of the tissues b. lack of adequate nutrition to the cells
  • 4. A. Extracellular Edema a. abnormal leakage of fluid from the plasma to the interstitial spaces across the capillaries failure of the lymphatics to return fluid from the interstitium back into the blood The most common clinical cause of interstitial fluid accumulation is excessive capillary fluid filtration
  • 5. Factors That Can Increase Capillary Filtration 1. Filtration Coefficient – product of permeability and surface area of the capillaries ( Kf) 2. Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure ( Pc) 3. Interstitial Fluid hydrostatic Pressure ( Pif) 4. Capillary Plasma colloid Osmotic Pressure (iic) 5. Interstitial Fluid Colloid Osmotic Pressure (iiif) Filtration = Kf x ( Pc – Pif – iic + iiif )
  • 6. Major Factors that cause Increased Capillary Filtration of Fluid and Protein into the Interstitium: 1. Increased capillary Hydrostatic Pressure 2. Decreased Plasma Colloid Osmotic Pressure 3. Increased Capillary Permeability
  • 7. Summary of Causes of Extracellular Edema Increased capillary pressure A. Excessive kidney retention of salt and water 1. Acute and chronic kidney failure 2. Mineralocorticoid excess
  • 8. B. High venous pressure 1. Heart failure 2. Venous obstruction 3. Failure of venous pump a) paralysis of muscles b) immobilized parts of body c) Failure of venous valves
  • 9. C. Decreased arteriolar resistance 1. Excessive body heat 2. Insufficiency of sympathetic nervous system 3. Vasodilator drugs
  • 10. II. Decreased plasma protein A. Loss of proteins in urine (nephrotic syndrome) B. Loss of protein from denuded skin areas 1. Burns 2. Wounds C.Failure to produce proteins 1. Liver disease 2. Serious protein or caloric malnutrition
  • 11. III. Increased capillary permeability A. Immune reactions that cause release of histamine B. Toxins C. B acterial infections D. Vitamin deficiency, especially vitamin C E. P rolonged ischemia F. Burns
  • 12. IV. Blockage of lymph return A. Cancer B. Infections (filarial nematodes) C. Surgery D. Congenital absence or abnormality of lymphatic vessels
  • 13. Safety Factors That Prevent Edema 1. The safety factors caused by low tissue compliance ( -3mmHg ) 2. The safety factor caused by increased lymph flow ( 7 mmHg ) 3. The safety factor caused by washdown of proteins from the interstitial spaces ( 7 mmHg )
  • 14. DAILY INTAKE AND OUTPUT OF WATER (in ml/day)________ Normal Prolonged Heavy Exercise Intake Fluids ingested 2100 ? From metabolism 200 200 Total intake ? Output Insensible – Skin 350 350 Insensible - Lungs 350 650 Sweat 100 5000 Feces 100 100 Urine 1400 500 Total output 2300 6600
  • 15. It’s FREE to join. http://www.examville.com