A data center is a facility for housing IT infrastructure.
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A data center is a repository that houses computing facilities like servers, routers, switches and firewalls, as well as supporting components like backup equipment, fire suppression facilities and air conditioning. A data center may be complex (dedicated building) or simple (an area or room that houses only a few servers). Additionally, a data center may be private or shared. Data Center Standards -ANS/TIA-942
A data center is a facility for housing IT infrastructure.
- 1. DTET-Tec GAMPAHA Data Centers V S Imbulpitiya Instructor (Electronic ) BSc automation and Electronic (UOC),NDES
- 2. NAME OR LOGO Data Center 2 A data center is a repository that houses computing facilities like servers, routers, switches and firewalls, as well as supporting components like backup equipment, fire suppression facilities and air conditioning. A data center may be complex (dedicated building) or simple (an area or room that houses only a few servers). Additionally, a data center may be private or shared. Data Center Standards -ANS/TIA-942 Vindya Imbulpitiya
- 3. NAME OR LOGO What is data center 3 A data center is a physical facility that organizations use to house their critical applications and data. A data center's design is based on a network of computing and storage resources that enable the delivery of shared applications and data. The key components of a data center design include routers, switches, firewalls, storage systems, servers, and application-delivery controllers. Vindya Imbulpitiya
- 4. NAME OR LOGO Global Data Center Market Analysis and Forecast (2025) The total amount of data created, captured, copied, and consumed globally is forecast to increase rapidly, reaching 64.2 zettabytes in 2020. Over the next five years up to 2025, global data creation is projected to grow to more than 180 zettabytes. In 2020, the amount of data created and replicated reached a new high. The growth was higher than previously expected caused by the increased demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic, as more people worked and learned from home and used home entertainment options more often. 4 Vindya Imbulpitiya
- 5. NAME OR LOGO Storage capacity also growing 5 Only a small percentage of this newly created data is kept though, as just two percent of the data produced and consumed in 2020 was saved and retained into 2021. In line with the strong growth of the data volume, the installed base of storage capacity is forecast to increase, growing at a compound annual growth rate of 19.2 percent over the forecast period from 2020 to 2025. In 2020, the installed base of storage capacity reached 6.7 zettabytes. Vindya Imbulpitiya
- 6. NAME OR LOGO Data Center market share 6 Today, there are reportedly more than 7 million data centers worldwide. Practically every business and government entity builds and maintains its own data center or has access to someone else's, if not both models. Many options are available today, such as renting servers at a colocation facility, using data center services managed by a third party, or using public cloud-based services from hosts like Amazon, Microsoft, Sony and Google. Vindya Imbulpitiya
- 7. NAME OR LOGO Global Data Center market value 7 Keeping up with this tremendous spike in data usage, operators built or expanded over 515 facilities in 2021 alone. The Asia-Pacific region led the charge with 161, followed by Europe and North America. Vindya Imbulpitiya
- 8. NAME OR LOGO Main Reasons of Data Center Growth 8 The rise of remote work and learning. Development of data-hungry technologies such as IoT, Machine Learning, and AI. The digitization of business processes. The Industrial digital transformation. he rise in the number of small and medium enterprises adopting Vindya Imbulpitiya
- 9. NAME OR LOGO COVID 19 Pandemic 9 The pandemic has acted as an accelerator and compressed many years worth of change into months. Asia Pacific region expanded by 24% in 2021. This demand for data has prompted China to approve the construction of ten data center clusters in strategic locations. Vindya Imbulpitiya
- 10. NAME OR LOGO Why ? 10 Another key factor to consider is the rapid digitalization of banking, financial services, and insurance companies around the world. As one of the leading data generators, they are becoming increasingly reliant on Big Data to perform everyday tasks. Vindya Imbulpitiya
- 11. NAME OR LOGO What Does a Data Center Do? Vindya Imbulpitiya 11 A data center is designed to handle high volumes of data and traffic with minimum latency, which makes it particularly useful for the following use cases: 皰 Private cloud: hosting in-house business productivity applications such as CRM, ERP, etc. 皰 Processing big data, powering machine learning and artificial intelligence. 皰 High-volume e-Commerce transactions. 皰 Powering online gaming platforms and communities. 皰 Data storage, backup, recovery, and management.
- 12. NAME OR LOGO What is data center 12 Vindya Imbulpitiya
- 13. NAME OR LOGO The Role of the Data Center 13 Data centers are an integral part of the enterprise, designed to support business applications and provide services such as: 1.0 Data storage, management, backup and recovery 2.0 Productivity applications, such as email 3.0 High-volume e-commerce transactions 4.0 Powering online gaming communities 5.0 Big data, machine learning and artificial intelligence Vindya Imbulpitiya
- 14. NAME OR LOGO The Main Components Of A Data Center Vindya Imbulpitiya 14 There are two principal aspects to any data center: 1.the facility 2.the IT infrastructure Facility. The facility is the physical building used for the data center. In simplest terms, a data center is just a big open space where infrastructure will be deployed. Although almost any space has the potential to operate some amount of IT infrastructure, a properly designed
- 15. NAME OR LOGO The Facility Vindya Imbulpitiya 15 皰 Space. There must be sufficient floor space -- a simple measure of square feet or square meters -- to hold all the IT infrastructure that the business intends to deploy now and in the future. The space must be located on a well-considered site with affordable taxes and access. The space is often subdivided to accommodate different purposes or use types. 皰 Power. There must be adequate power -- in watts, often as much as 100 megawatts to operate all the IT infrastructure. Power must be affordable, clean -- meaning free of fluctuation or disruption -- and reliable. Renewable and supplemental/auxiliary power must be included. 皰 Cooling. The enormous amount of power delivered to a data center is converted into computing -- i.e., work -- and a lot of heat, which must be removed from the IT infrastructure using conventional HVAC systems, as well as other unconventional cooling technologies.
- 16. NAME OR LOGO The Facility Vindya Imbulpitiya 16 皰 Security. Considering the value of the data center and its critical importance to the business, the data center must include controlled access using a variety of tactics, ranging from employee badge access to video surveillance. 皰 Management. Modern data centers typically incorporate a building management system (BMS) designed to help IT and business leaders oversee the data center environment in real time, including oversight of temperature, humidity, power and cooling levels, as well as access and security logging.
- 17. NAME OR LOGO the IT infrastructure Vindya Imbulpitiya 17 皰 Servers. These computers host enterprise applications and perform computing tasks. 皰 Storage. Subsystems, such as disk arrays, are used to store and protect application and business data. 皰 Networking. The gear needed to create a business network includes switches, routers, firewalls and other cybersecurity elements. 皰 Cables and racks. Miles of wires interconnect IT gear, and physical server racks are used to organize servers and other gear within the facility space. 皰 Backup power. Uninterruptible power supply (UPS), flywheel and other emergency power systems are critical to ensure orderly infrastructure behavior in the event of a main power disruption. 皰 Management platforms. One or more data center infrastructure management (DCIM) platforms are needed to oversee and manage the IT infrastructure reporting on system health, availability, capacity and configuration.
- 18. NAME OR LOGO Data center Facility overview Vindya Imbulpitiya 18
- 19. NAME OR LOGO Other facilities Vindya Imbulpitiya 19 皰 Lighting. Most data center lighting is low or off without human presence. 皰 Temperature. Cooling demands can keep temperatures low, so humans might need some protective clothing. 皰 Noise. The cooling fans in dozens -- even hundreds -- of servers can produce a cacophony that requires hearing protection. 皰 Weight. Equipment is heavy, and flooring must be designed to bear the extreme weight. Special weight considerations might be needed for raised flooring used to handle cooling airflows.
- 20. NAME OR LOGO Data Center Architecture 20 Data center architecture is the physical and logical layout of the resources and equipment within a data center facility. Typically, data center architecture consists of or incorporates: 皰 Data center network architecture 皰 Data center computing architecture 皰 Data center security architecture 皰 Data center physical architecture 皰 Data center information architecture Vindya Imbulpitiya
- 21. NAME OR LOGO Data center network architecture 21 Creating a blueprint for better data center performance A data center networking architecturethe layout of the cabling infrastructure and the way servers are connected to switchesmust strike a balance between reliability, performance, agility, scalability and cost.It must also support both current and future applications and speeds Vindya Imbulpitiya
- 22. NAME OR LOGO Data center network architecture 22 Vindya Imbulpitiya
- 23. NAME OR LOGO Data center network architecture-Topologies 23 There are three main data center topologies in use today 1. CENTRALIZED 2. ZONED 3. TOP OF RACK Each has its advantages and trade-offs. In fact, some larger data centers will often deploy two or even all three of these topologies in the same facility. Vindya Imbulpitiya
- 24. NAME OR LOGO Topology -Centralized 24 1. CENTRALIZED The centralized model is an appropriate topologies for smaller data centers (under 5,000 square feet). There are separate local area network (LAN)/ storage area network(SAN) environments and each one has home run cabling that goes to each of the server cabinets and zones. Each server is effectively cabled back to the core switches, which are centralized in the main distribution area. Vindya Imbulpitiya
- 25. NAME OR LOGO Topology -Centralized 25 Advantages This provides very efficient utilization of port switches and makes it easier to manage and add components. The centralized topology works well for smaller data centers Dis Advantages does not scale up well, which makes it difficult to support expansions. In larger data centers, the high number of extended- length cable runs required causes congestion in the cable pathways and cabinets, and increases cost. While some larger data centers use zoned or top-of-rack topologies for LAN traffic, they may also utilize a centralized architecture for the SAN environments. This is especially true where the cost of SAN switch ports is high and port Vindya Imbulpitiya
- 26. NAME OR LOGO Topology - ZONED 26 2. ZONED Zoned topology consists of distributed switching resources. The switches can be distributed among end-of- row (EoR) or middle of-row (MoR) locations, with chassis- based switches typically used to support multiple server cabinets. Vindya Imbulpitiya
- 27. NAME OR LOGO Topology - ZONED 27 Advantages Very scalable, repeatable, and predictable. Zoned architecture is usually the most cost-effective design, providing the highest level of switch and port utilization while minimizing cabling costs. In certain scenarios, end-of-row switching provides performance advantages. For example, the local area network (LAN) ports of two servers (that exchange large volumes of information) can be placed on the same end-of-row switch, for low-latency port-to port switching. Disadvantage Every server is connected to redundant switches, this cabling can exceed what is required in top-of-rack architecture Vindya Imbulpitiya
- 28. NAME OR LOGO Topology - TOP OF RACK 28 3. TOP OF RACK Top-of-rack (ToR) switching typically consists of two or more switches placed at the top of the rack in each server cabinet This topology can be a good choice for dense one rack-unit (1RU) server environments. All servers in the rack are cabled to both switches for redundancy. The top-of-rack switches have uplinks to the next layer of switching. Top of rack significantly simplifies cable management and minimizes cable containment requirements. This approach also provides fast port-to-port switching for servers within the rack and predictable Vindya Imbulpitiya
- 29. NAME OR LOGO Topology - TOP OF RACK 29 Vindya Imbulpitiya Advantages A top-of-rack design utilizes cabling more efficiently. Disadvantage The tradeoffs are often an increase in the cost of switches and the high cost for under-utilization of ports. Top-of-rack switching may be difficult to manage in large deployments and there is also the potential for overheating of local area network (LAN) switch gear in server racks.As a result, some data centers deploy top-of-rack switches in a middle-of-row or end-of-row architecture to better utilize switch ports and reduce the overall number of switches used.
- 30. NAME OR LOGO Data center computing architecture 30 Vindya Imbulpitiya
- 31. NAME OR LOGO Standards 31 Vindya Imbulpitiya 1. Uptime Institute Tier Standard. The Uptime Institute Tier Standard focuses on data center design, construction and commissioning, and it is used to determine the resilience of the facility as related to four levels of redundancy/reliability 2. ANSI/TIA 942-B. This standard involves planning, design, construction and commissioning of building trades, as well as fire protection, IT and maintenance. It also uses four levels of reliability ratings, implemented by BICSI-certified professionals. 3. EN 50600 series. This series of standards focuses on IT cable and network design and has various infrastructure redundancy and reliability concepts that are loosely based on the Uptime Institute's Tier Standard. 4. ASHRAE. The ASHRAE guidelines -- which are not specific to IT or data centers -- relate to the design and implementation of heating,
- 32. NAME OR LOGO Uptime Institute Tier Standard 32 Vindya Imbulpitiya Uptime Institute created the data center Tier classification levels over 25 years ago, and today, they remain the international standard for data center performance. Our data center Tier definitions explain the infrastructure required for data center operations. There are different Tiers according to the system availability needed. These classifications are objective and reliable methods for comparing the performance of one site infrastructure against another and aligning infrastructure investments to business goals. Because Uptime Institute is the founder and trusted source for data center Tier Certification they are the only licensed firm that can provide these certifications and ranking.
- 33. NAME OR LOGO Data Center Tier Levels 33 Vindya Imbulpitiya Tier I A Tier I data center is the basic capacity level with infrastructure to support information technology for an office setting and beyond. The requirements for a Tier I facility include: An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) for power sags, outages, and spikes. An area for IT systems. Dedicated cooling equipment that runs outside office hours. An engine generator for power outages. Tier I protects against disruptions from human error, but not unexpected failure or outage. Redundant equipment includes chillers, pumps, UPS modules, and engine generators. The facility will have to shut down completely for preventive maintenance and repairs, and failure to do so increases the risk of unplanned disruptions and severe consequences from system failure.
- 34. NAME OR LOGO Data Center Tier Levels 34 Vindya Imbulpitiya Tier II Tier II facilities cover redundant capacity components for power and cooling that provide better maintenance opportunities and safety against disruptions. These components include: Engine generators. Energy storage. Chillers. Cooling units. UPS modules. Pumps. Heat rejection equipment. Fuel tanks. Fuel cells. The distribution path of Tier II serves a critical environment, and the components can be removed without shutting it down. Like a Tier I facility, unexpected shutdown of a Tier II data center will affect the system.
- 35. NAME OR LOGO Data Center Tier Levels 35 Vindya Imbulpitiya Tier III A Tier III data center is concurrently maintainable with redundant components as a key differentiator, with redundant distribution paths to serve the critical environment. Unlike Tier I and Tier II, these facilities require no shutdowns when equipment needs maintenance or replacement. The components of Tier III are added to Tier II components so that any part can be shut down without impacting IT operation.
- 36. NAME OR LOGO Data Center Tier Levels 36 Vindya Imbulpitiya Tier IV A Tier IV data center has several independent and physically isolated systems that act as redundant capacity components and distribution paths. The separation is necessary to prevent an event from compromising both systems. The environment will not be affected by a disruption from planned and unplanned events. However, if the redundant components or distribution paths are shut down for maintenance, the environment may experience a higher risk of disruption if a failure occurs. Tier IV facilities add fault tolerance to the Tier III topology. When a piece of equipment fails, or there is an interruption in the distribution path, IT operations will not be affected. All of the IT equipment must have a fault-tolerant power design to be compatible. Tier IV data centers also require continuous cooling to make the environment stable
- 37. NAME OR LOGO Data Center Tier Levels 37 Vindya Imbulpitiya
- 38. NAME OR LOGO Vindya Imbulpitiya 38
- 39. NAME OR LOGO Vindya Imbulpitiya 39
- 40. NAME OR LOGO Vindya Imbulpitiya 40
- 41. NAME OR LOGO Types of Data Centers Vindya Imbulpitiya 41 皰 Colocation A colocation center also known as a carrier hotel is a type of data center where you can rent equipment, space, and bandwidth from the data centers owner. For example, instead of renting a virtual machine from a public cloud provider, you can just straight-up rent a certain amount of their hardware from specified data centers. 皰 Enterprise An enterprise data center is a fully company-owned data center used to process internal data and host mission-critical applications. 皰 Cloud By using third-party cloud services, you can set up a virtual data center in the cloud. This is a similar concept to colocation, but you may take advantage of
- 42. NAME OR LOGO Types of Data Centers Vindya Imbulpitiya 42 皰 Edge Data Center An edge data center is a smaller data center that is as close to the end user as possible. Instead of having one massive data center, you instead have multiple smaller ones to minimize latency and lag. When IoT devices and low-latency data demands are high, organizations are deploying Edge computing facilities. 皰 Micro Data Center A micro data center is essentially an edge data center pushed to the extreme. It can be as small as a small office room, just handling the data processed in a specific region.
- 43. NAME OR LOGO Vindya Imbulpitiya 43
- 44. NAME OR LOGO KPI(KEY performance Indicator) Vindya Imbulpitiya 44 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/TSUSC.2017.2701883 Indicators 皰Energy Efficiency, 皰Cooling, Greenness, 皰Performance, 皰Thermal and Air management, 皰Network, Storage 皰 Security 皰Financial Impact.
- 45. NAME OR LOGO Division in categories for data centers. Vindya Imbulpitiya 45
- 46. NAME OR LOGO Energy Efficiency Metrics Vindya Imbulpitiya 46 The energy efficiency of a system is defined as the ratio of useful work done by a system to the total energy delivered to the system Relationships between energy efficiency metrics.
- 47. NAME OR LOGO Energy Efficiency Metrics Overview Vindya Imbulpitiya 47
- 48. NAME OR LOGO Cooling matrix Vindya Imbulpitiya 48
- 49. NAME OR LOGO Green Matrix Vindya Imbulpitiya 49
- 50. NAME OR LOGO Performance Metrics Vindya Imbulpitiya 50
- 51. NAME OR LOGO Thermal and Air Management Metrics Vindya Imbulpitiya 51
- 52. NAME OR LOGO Network Metrics Vindya Imbulpitiya 52
- 53. NAME OR LOGO Vindya Imbulpitiya 53 Storage Metrics
- 54. NAME OR LOGO Vindya Imbulpitiya 54 Security Metrics
- 55. NAME OR LOGO Financial Impact Metrics Vindya Imbulpitiya 55
- 56. NAME OR LOGO Service Level Agreements A good SLA helps the IDC promise what is possible to deliver and deliver what is promised An SLA sets the expectations between the consumer and provider. It helps define the relationship between the two parties. It is the cornerstone of how the service provider sets and maintains commitments to the service consumer. Agood SLA addresses five key aspects: 1.What the provider is promising. 2.How the provider will deliver on those promises. 3. Who will measure delivery, and how. 4. What happens if the provider fails to deliver as promised. 5. How the SLA will change over time Vindya Imbulpitiya 56