際際滷

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Case 1
Case Background
 A 7 year old healthy child went camping with
  his scouting team at a lake, where he swam
  for a long time. 7 days later, he developed a
  severe headache, high fever, nausea,
  vomiting, photophobia and meningismus.
What will be your next step?
A. Empiric broad spectrum antibiotics + Anti
   epileptics
B. Acyclovir + Anti epileptics
C. Send for immediate Blood culture
D. Lumbar puncture
E. Wait and watch + Careful Mannitol Infusion
F. Order CT Scan
A.
 No response after days 2 and 3, patient
  becomes comatose, has seizures, needs
  airway protection:
   Continue Antibiotic therapy for days 4 and 5
   Go back to do list and restart!




                                          + 5
B.
 No Response after days 2 and 3, patient
  becomes comatose, has seizures, needs
  airway protection :
   Continue Anti Virals for Days 4 and 5
   Go back to first step and restart!




                                            - 5
C.
 Methicillin Resistant, Coagulase Negative
  Staphylococcus cultured.
 Start:
   IV Cefepime
   IV Quinupristine/Dalfopristine
   IV Vancomycin
   IV Linezolid
   Resend blood for culture
                                      - 5
Resend Culture
 No growth
 Go back to starting list




                               +5
IV Drugs.
 No response after days 2 and 3:
   Continue Antibiotic therapy for days 4 and 5
   Go back to do list and restart!




                                          - 5
D.
 High intracranial
  pressure observed
  during LP
 WBC = 15,000/microlit
 Protein = (very high)
 Glucose = (very low)
 More 際際滷s
 Provisional Diagnosis
 Next step
                          + 10
More 際際滷s
Next step
 Start:
   Amphotericin B
   Fluconazole
   Anti TB drugs
   Albendazole + Ivermectin
   Piperacillin/Tazobactam
   Meropenem or Imipenem/Cilastatin
Amphotericin B.
 CORRECT drug choice
 Patient becomes comatose
 Respiratory failure
 Intubated and put on ventilator
 No response to empirical
  antibiotic/antiviral/antifungal therapy
 Death on day 3!

 Provisional diagnosis?                    + 10
Other Drugs.
 INCORRECT drug choice
 Patient becomes comatose
 Respiratory failure
 Intubated and put on ventilator
 No response to empirical
  antibiotic/antiviral/antifungal therapy
 Death on day 3!

 Provisional diagnosis?                    - 5
E.
 Patient becomes comatose
 Respiratory failure
 Intubated and put on ventilator
 No response to empirical
  antibiotic/antiviral/antifungal therapy
 Death on day 5!

 Provisional diagnosis?
                                       - 5
F.




 Back to List of options

                +5
Continuing Drugs
 On Day 6 patient has severe seizures, becomes
  comatose.
 Transferred to ICU.
 Further deterioration  Death!




                                    - 5
Provisional Diagnosis
 Correct

 Incorrect

 Back to work up
Incorrect
 Incorrect Diagnosis: You missed, he hit!




                                       - 10
Correct
 Early Diagnosis! Patient may have a chance if
  properly treated!
 Choose treatment




                                      + 15

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  • 2. Case Background A 7 year old healthy child went camping with his scouting team at a lake, where he swam for a long time. 7 days later, he developed a severe headache, high fever, nausea, vomiting, photophobia and meningismus.
  • 3. What will be your next step? A. Empiric broad spectrum antibiotics + Anti epileptics B. Acyclovir + Anti epileptics C. Send for immediate Blood culture D. Lumbar puncture E. Wait and watch + Careful Mannitol Infusion F. Order CT Scan
  • 4. A. No response after days 2 and 3, patient becomes comatose, has seizures, needs airway protection: Continue Antibiotic therapy for days 4 and 5 Go back to do list and restart! + 5
  • 5. B. No Response after days 2 and 3, patient becomes comatose, has seizures, needs airway protection : Continue Anti Virals for Days 4 and 5 Go back to first step and restart! - 5
  • 6. C. Methicillin Resistant, Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus cultured. Start: IV Cefepime IV Quinupristine/Dalfopristine IV Vancomycin IV Linezolid Resend blood for culture - 5
  • 7. Resend Culture No growth Go back to starting list +5
  • 8. IV Drugs. No response after days 2 and 3: Continue Antibiotic therapy for days 4 and 5 Go back to do list and restart! - 5
  • 9. D. High intracranial pressure observed during LP WBC = 15,000/microlit Protein = (very high) Glucose = (very low) More 際際滷s Provisional Diagnosis Next step + 10
  • 11. Next step Start: Amphotericin B Fluconazole Anti TB drugs Albendazole + Ivermectin Piperacillin/Tazobactam Meropenem or Imipenem/Cilastatin
  • 12. Amphotericin B. CORRECT drug choice Patient becomes comatose Respiratory failure Intubated and put on ventilator No response to empirical antibiotic/antiviral/antifungal therapy Death on day 3! Provisional diagnosis? + 10
  • 13. Other Drugs. INCORRECT drug choice Patient becomes comatose Respiratory failure Intubated and put on ventilator No response to empirical antibiotic/antiviral/antifungal therapy Death on day 3! Provisional diagnosis? - 5
  • 14. E. Patient becomes comatose Respiratory failure Intubated and put on ventilator No response to empirical antibiotic/antiviral/antifungal therapy Death on day 5! Provisional diagnosis? - 5
  • 15. F. Back to List of options +5
  • 16. Continuing Drugs On Day 6 patient has severe seizures, becomes comatose. Transferred to ICU. Further deterioration Death! - 5
  • 17. Provisional Diagnosis Correct Incorrect Back to work up
  • 18. Incorrect Incorrect Diagnosis: You missed, he hit! - 10
  • 19. Correct Early Diagnosis! Patient may have a chance if properly treated! Choose treatment + 15