A szív és az érrendszer anatómiája

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The document summarizes adrenal hormones and their functions. It discusses that the adrenal glands are composed of the adrenal cortex and medulla. The cortex produces steroid hormones like cortisol, aldosterone and androgens. The medulla produces catecholamines including epinephrine and norepinephrine. It describes the synthesis, regulation and effects of these hormones. It also discusses adrenal disorders like Cushing's syndrome, Conn's syndrome and adrenal insufficiency.

Acid base balanceJayprakash Shahjayprakash978

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This document discusses acid-base balance and disorders. It covers 3 key mechanisms to maintain blood pH: 1) blood buffers, 2) respiratory regulation, and 3) renal regulation. The blood's bicarbonate buffer system uses carbonic acid, while tissues also use phosphate and protein buffers. Respiration controls pH by regulating CO2 exhalation. The kidneys compensate for acid-base imbalances over hours by regulating bicarbonate reabsorption and acid excretion. Acid-base disorders include respiratory and metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.

Porphyrin MetabolismRehmanRaheem

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Porphyrin metabolism involves the biosynthesis of heme through a series of enzymatic reactions in the liver and erythroid tissues. Deficiencies in enzymes involved in this pathway can result in porphyrias, characterized by accumulation of porphyrin intermediates and excessive porphyrin excretion in urine, sometimes with neurovisceral symptoms. Heme is degraded through the action of heme oxygenase to form biliverdin and ultimately bilirubin, which is conjugated and excreted in bile and urine. Elevated bilirubin levels can cause jaundice through various mechanisms of liver dysfunction or increased heme breakdown.

Metabolička acidoza i alkalozaDomina Petric

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Proteomic Strategies for purification of lactate dehydrogenase ...Gaurav Dwivedi

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The document summarizes proteomic strategies for purifying lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from chicken muscle. Key steps included homogenizing muscle tissue, removing debris via centrifugation, precipitating proteins with ammonium sulfate, dialyzing to remove salts, and purifying LDH using blue sepharose affinity chromatography. SDS-PAGE and activity assays confirmed the isolation of a single 35 kDa protein band corresponding to LDH. The multi-step process successfully extracted and purified LDH from chicken muscle for further study.

Dna damage and repairMadurai kamaraj university

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DNA in cells can become damaged through radiation, chemicals, and errors during replication. There are several pathways cells use to repair DNA damage, including direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, and mismatch repair. Double strand breaks can be repaired through direct joining of broken ends or homologous recombination using the sister chromatid as a template. Failure to properly repair DNA damage can lead to mutations and genetic disorders.

Chronic kidney diseaseQuratulann bader

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This document discusses chronic kidney disease (CKD), including its definition as structural or functional abnormalities of the kidneys for over 3 months, stages of progression from normal kidney function to kidney failure, prevalence, clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis and management, classification based on etiology and diagnosis, and remaining treatment options for end-stage renal disease.

Liver cirrhosis, Clinical Presentation, Complications and Treatment.DrSyedMansoorRashid

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The document provides a comprehensive overview of liver cirrhosis, including its etiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment options. It highlights the complications associated with cirrhosis, such as ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate management. Treatment strategies focus on addressing the underlying cause, managing complications, and considering liver transplantation for decompensated patients.

HYPOTHALAMUS CONTROLS PITUITARY SECRETION.pptxFatimaSundus1

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The hypothalamus controls secretion of the pituitary gland. It sends signals via nerve connections to the posterior pituitary and releases hormones into the hypothalamic-hypophysial portal system that influence the anterior pituitary. These hypothalamic releasing and inhibitory hormones are synthesized in neurons of the hypothalamus and secreted into the median eminence, then carried via blood vessels to the anterior pituitary to regulate its hormone secretion. In this way, the hypothalamus integrates information from the body and nervous system to control the pituitary and many other physiological functions.

Disorder of sodium imbalancePradip Katwal

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This case discusses a 67-year-old female who presented with fever, vomiting, and loose stool for several days. On examination, she was found to be hypotensive and dehydrated. Initial tests showed hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and metabolic acidosis. She was diagnosed with acute infectious gastroenteritis complicated by hypovolumic shock and electrolyte imbalances. She was treated with IV fluids and antibiotics. Her condition improved over three days with correction of her volume status and electrolytes. The discussion then reviews hyponatremia, its causes, assessment of volume status, and treatment approaches depending on the underlying condition.

Renal tubular reabsorption, secretion, regulation & renal function testsDipti Magan

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Renal tubular reabsorption and secretion involves the transport of substances across tubular epithelial cells. Substances may be reabsorbed from the tubular fluid back into the blood (reabsorption exceeds filtration) or secreted from the blood into the tubular fluid (secretion exceeds filtration). Clearance tests can measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow. Substances like inulin that are freely filtered but not reabsorbed/secreted will have a clearance equal to GFR, while clearance of substances like para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) that are secreted can estimate renal plasma flow. Hormones and other factors regulate tubular transport and fluid/electroly

15 Cox Acute Renal FailureDang Thanh Tuan

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Diabetic nephropathyFahim Ahmad

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Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney disease that develops over many years in people with diabetes. It is characterized by increased urinary albumin excretion, hyperglycemia, high blood pressure, declining kidney function, and the absence of other kidney diseases. According to studies, 20-44% of people with diabetes develop kidney failure and require renal replacement therapy like dialysis. The pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy involves metabolic pathways like increased polyol pathway flux, hexosamine pathway flux, formation of advanced glycation end products, and activation of protein kinase C, as well as hemodynamic changes and genetic factors. Major therapeutic interventions include controlling blood glucose, blood pressure, lipids, restricting protein intake,

Respiracijska acidoza i alkalozaDomina Petric

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Dokument opisuje respiracijsku acidozu i alkalozu, naglašavajući uzroke, mehanizme kompenzacije i kliničke manifestacije tih stanja. Akutna respiracijska acidoza brzo se razvija uz opasnosti po život, dok kronična forma može biti kompenzirana, ali ne uvijek. Terapija uključuje liječenje osnovnog uzroka, s posebnim mjerama za izbjegavanje pogoršanja hiperkapnijske situacije kod pacijenata s kroničnom acidozom.

Poremećaj prometa vode i elektrolitaAntonio Kobaš

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Dokument opisuje raspodjelu tjelesnih tekućina, njihovu funkciju i važnost elektrolita u regulaciji prometa vode i elektrolita. Poremećaji prometa vode i elektrolita, kao što su dehidracija, hiperhidracija, hiponatrijemija i hiperkalcijemija, objašnjeni su kroz njihove uzroke i simptome. Također se razmatraju mehanizmi nastanka edema i važnost pravilne regulacije tjelesnih tekućina za održavanje zdravlja.

��Բ�é��Gergely Juhász

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Fejezetek a keresztmetszeti anatómiából - 4. A mellkas és szív keresztmetszet...Dr. Jakab András

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Anatomía coronaria básica - Coronariografía. Visualización de las arterias co...CardioTeca

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The document details the anatomy of coronary arteries, specifically the right and left coronary systems, including their branches and anatomical landmarks. It describes the dominance patterns of coronary circulation, the average dimensions of the left main artery, and the various views used to visualize these structures during imaging. Key branches of both coronary arteries are highlighted, along with their respective vascular supplies and important collateral connections.

Angiografia coronariaDaniel Meneses

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El documento presenta una revisión de las limitaciones de la angiografía coronaria, incluyendo la sobrestimación de la severidad de las estenosis, las dificultades en la interpretación de las calcificaciones y las lesiones en bifurcaciones, y la subestimación de la ganancia luminal tras angioplastia. También compara los resultados de la angiografía con técnicas cuantitativas y con la fisiología, mostrando una sobreestimación de la enfermedad coronaria.

Anatomía coronariaJesus Custodio

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arterias coronariasMedicineStudent

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El documento describe la anatomía de las arterias coronarias. Explica que las arterias coronarias izquierda y derecha nacen de la aorta y suministran sangre al músculo cardíaco. Describe las ramas y territorios de cada arteria coronaria, así como los conceptos de dominancia coronaria y circulación balanceada. También cubre variaciones anatómicas y el uso de la angiografía coronaria para evaluar obstrucciones.

Irrigacion del corazonGabriela Capa

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Este documento describe la irrigación arterial del corazón. Las arterias coronarias principales son la arteria coronaria derecha y la izquierda, las cuales se originan de la aorta y proveen irrigación al miocardio. Cada arteria provee irrigación a diferentes regiones del corazón y existe variación en los patrones de irrigación entre individuos. Existen también conexiones colaterales entre las ramas de las arterias coronarias.

irrigacion del CorazonKANINO15

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