ABG ANALYSIS
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This document provides information on interpreting arterial blood gas (ABG) results, including: 1. It evaluates oxygenation by examining pO2 and SaO2 levels, ventilation by looking at pCO2 levels and production vs elimination of CO2, and acid-base balance by analyzing pH, HCO3, and BE levels. 2. Normal ranges are provided for interpreting pH, pCO2, HCO3, and BE levels to determine if the patient has respiratory or metabolic acidosis or alkalosis. 3. The document describes how to assess for compensation by seeing if other parameters have changed to correct acid-base imbalances and restore the pH to a normal range.
ABG ANALYSIS
- 1. ABG DR ASHOK KUMAR BADAMALI
- 2. Lecture Evaluation of oxygenation Evaluation of Ventilation Evaluation of acid base balance ABG analysis
- 3. Test Result Unit ref PH 7.44 7.35 7.45 pCO2 26mmHg mmHg 34 45 pO2 73 mmHg 75 100 O2 (HB%) 95.1 95 100 HCO3 18.2 Meq/L 23 27 BE -5.2 Meq/L -2.4 2.3 FiO2
- 4. Evaluation of Oxygenation Po2 should be >60 mmHg/ tor SaO2 >90% SpO2 may or may not corelate SaO2 Haemoglobin FiO2 fraction of inspired oxygen
- 5. Hypoxemia Low oxygen in blood Pao2 < 60 mmHg SaO2 < 90%
- 6. Test name Results Units Ref FiO2 35% pH 7.4 PCo2 26 PO2 73 HCO3 18.2 BE -5.4 O2 % 95.4
- 7. Evaluation of Ventilation (CO2 elimination) Co2 Production vs Elimination Tidal volume Respiratory rate Metabolic rate Fever Seizure
- 8. Hyperventilating Test name Results Units Ref FiO2 35% pH 7.4 PCo2 26 PO2 73 HCO3 18.2 BE -5.4 O2 % 95.4
- 9. Interpretation of ABG Normal ranges Po2 60 PCO2 35-45 HCO3 22-26 pH - 7.35- 7.45 BE (-2) (+2) Sao2 90%
- 10. Base excess / deficit Reflects metabolic balance of the bicarbonate Deficit = loss of base may be a problem or a correction Excess = Gain of base may be a problem or a correction
- 11. Approach to Interpretation of ABG Acid Base Status (pH) Respiratory status ( PCO2) Metabolic status ( HCO3) Degree of Compentation
- 12. Acid Base Status (pH) > 7.45 - Alkaline < 7.35 - Acidic 7.35-7.45 - WNL
- 13. Respiratory status PCO2 < 35 mmHg Respiratory Alkalosis PCO2 >45 mmHg Respiratory Acidosis 35-45 WNL
- 14. Metabolic status HCO3 > 26 metabolic alkalosis HCO3 < 22 metabolic acidosis 22-26 WNL BE (-2) base deficit > 2 is base excess
- 15. compensation Uncompensated the other parameter within the normal range and has not changed to fix the problem Partial Compensation The other parameter is outside the normal range & pH is not within 7.35 -7.45 Full compensation other parameter is outside normal range & pH is 7.35-7.45
- 16. Evaluating ABG Evaluate oxygenation Is the pH acid /alkaline Which direction CO2 move the pH Which direction HCO3 move the pH Name the disorder Is there compentaion Patrial / complete
- 17. Interpret ABG pH 7.39 - acid PCO2 -50 - acid HCO3 -29 fully compensated PO2 65 respiratory acidosis BE- + 4.7 HB- 8 FiO2 -21 SaO2 -90% - No hypoxemia
- 18. pH- 7.22 pCO2- 50 HCO3- 20 PO2 -200 BE- (-8) SaO2 100% HB-15 FiO2 - 1