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Accessibility GeekUp 25 th October 2007

Accessibility is a subset of Usability. It is usability for disabled users Accessibility & Usability

The Nature of the Web – It’s a User Interface!

Accessibility – The official Why 2. Uh – it’s the law The position in the UK, unlike many countries, is relatively clear. Private and public sector Websites face accessibility obligations under the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA). Part III of the DDA (which came into force on 1st October 1999 ) refers to the provision of goods, facilities and services. The Code of Practice, which specifically mentions websites, can be downloaded in its entirety from the DRC website. The most relevant quotes from the Code of Practice are: * 2.2 (p7): “The Disability Discrimination Act makes it unlawful for a service provider to discriminate against a disabled person by refusing to provide any service which it provides to members of the public.” To make 'reasonable adjustments' in circumstances in which the effect of that failure is to make it impossible or unreasonably difficult for the disabled person to make use of any such services. (19(1)(b))

Accessibility – US legislation 2. Corporate responsibility (US) The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Sections 504 and 508) -Two sections within the Rehabilitation Act, as amended (93 & 98), have impact on accessible web design. These are Sections 504 and 508. 504: programs receiving federal funds may not discriminate against those with disabilities 508: a set of accessibility standards for Federal Electronics and Information Technology Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) - two major sections in the ADA that may apply to Web accessibility: communications with persons with disabilities must be "as effective as communications with others" (Title II) public accommodation of people with disabilities (Title III)

Accessibility – the real why 1. Greater penetration and effectiveness The Legal and General Case - The following ‘indirect’ benefits were noted post re-design: A 30% increase in natural search-engine traffic A significant improvement in Google rankings for all target keywords 75% reduction in time for pages to load Cross browser-compatibility increased (not a single complaint since the redesign) Site now accessible to mobile devices Time to manage content reduced from average of five days to 0.5 days per job 95% increase in visitors getting a life insurance quote 90% increase in Life insurance sales online Savings of £200K annually on site maintenance 100% return on investment in less than 12 months.

Selling Accessibility seo avoiding litigation and bad publicity maintenance market share better interoperability improved usability for everyone improved performance - shorter download time

The Seven Deadly Sins, approximately.. Text resizing breaks layout Small clickable areas - especially on a-z menus Unforgiving search No site map No handheld style sheet No custom error page Client side form validation No skip links No labels on form elements, or legends & fieldset Crappy (or no) heading structure Nav bars not marked up as lists incorrect alt text

Accessibility – Resources If you go nowhere else then go to ACCESSIFY.COM It has: A forum where expert and free advice can be found relating to all matters of accessibility Accessibility related News Accessibility tools

Accessibility – Resources – Sites and books WebAIM , a non-profit organization dedicated to improving accessibility to online learning materials. Joe Clarke – ‘Building Accessible Websites’ - http:// joeclark.org /book/ (online) Mark Pilgrim – ‘Dive into Accessibility’ - http:// diveintoaccessibility.org / (online) Jim Thatcher et al – ‘Constructing Accessible Websites’ (book)

Accessibility – Tools & Resources IE6 Web Accessibility Toolbar Developer toolbar Grease monkey scripts e.g. table inspector Jaws (Demo version) TAW, Cynthia says, ShiteMorse W3C Validator WDG Validator for batch validation Tools on Accessify Gez Lemon Video of blind guy using a screenreader Firefox screen reader emulator extension (fangs) Firefox screen reader (fire vox )

Testing for Accessibility Compliance Turn off JavaScript Turn off CSS Turn off Images Check ALT text Change font size Linearise page Check for headings Check for lists (in HTML) Listen in Jaws Navigate using keyboard Check form fields have labels Check data tables are marked up correctly Check dynamic content e.g. Video & Audio Check link text Resize window Validate HTML Turn off Flash Check acronyms, abbreviations

Ajax – the technology (not the detergent) Doesn’t require the traditional "submit data — retrieve web page" methodology so… more streamlined applications that require less processing and data transmission because entire web pages do not need to be generated for each change that occurs

Ajax – (“b ecause something is happening here / But you don’t know what it is / Do you, Mister Jones?” ) Bottom Line: There doesn't appear to be any reliable way to notify screen readers of an update in the DOM. Gez Lemon has posted a hack for Jaws 7.1 that improves upon the way it updates its virtual buffer

Progressive enschmancement and Disgraceful degredation Graceful Degredation – creates pages for the latest browsers that would also work well in older versions of browser software Progressive enhancement uses web technologies in a layered fashion that allows everyone to access the basic content and functionality of a web page, using any browser or Internet connection, while also providing those with better bandwidth or more advanced browser software an enhanced version of the page. So basically

Litmusapp.com Find way of removing horizontal scrolling at 800 x 600 Use keyboard/mouseover focus styles e.g. a:hover, a:active, a:focus {text-decoration:underline; background-color:# 6B933D } Add contact form Custom error page which shows site map or way to find page Front load page titles No styles on a couple of pages?

hmv.com Validate code ahem 1550 errors on home page ..mostly due to unencoded ampersands Use server side validation on forms Skip links for keyboard users!! Tab order should be made more logical

Adaptavist.com – few Possible Pointers Clean up code – make it valid, well formed and get presentational stuff into CSS Introduce skip links that only appear for sighted keyboard users Allow keyboard navigation of drop down menu Fallback to main menu without JS Style up link text in main content area so it’s obvious Extend heading structure beyond h1, h2 Contact form Label on search box Advanced search Clean up confusion over which is home page Put in alt attribute and make it appropriate– it’s required, put null attribute if its eye candy

webbie.org.uk Put in focus styles for mouseover Add contact form Make code valid and well formed on all pages Remove inline styles e.g. style="border:none;" – instead put img {border:0} in external style sheet

vagueware.com Keyboard focus styles Make code valid and well formed Contact form Better heading/list structure e.g. http://vagueware.com/ideas Better page titling e.g. not just ‘vagueware.com’

How do you insult a front end developer? Call him a div.

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