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Introduction to Accounting
Basics
A Beginner's Guide
What is Accounting?
 Accounting is the process of recording,
summarizing, analyzing, and reporting
financial transactions of a business. It helps
businesses track income, expenses, assets,
and liabilities to make informed decisions.
The Accounting Equation
 Assets = Liabilities + Owners Equity
 - Assets: What the business owns (e.g., cash,
buildings, inventory).
 - Liabilities: What the business owes (e.g.,
loans, accounts payable).
 - Owners Equity: The owner's investment plus
retained earnings.
Financial Statements
 - Income Statement: Shows revenues and
expenses.
 - Balance Sheet: A snapshot of a companys
financial position.
 - Cash Flow Statement: Shows cash inflows
and outflows.
Debits and Credits
 - Debits (Dr.): Increase assets or expenses,
decrease liabilities or equity.
 - Credits (Cr.): Increase liabilities, revenues, or
equity; decrease assets.
Accounting Cycle
 1. Identify transactions
 2. Record transactions in the journal
 3. Post transactions to the general ledger
 4. Prepare a trial balance
 5. Adjust entries
 6. Prepare financial statements
 7. Close the books
Why Learn Accounting Before
Managerial Accounting?
 Managerial accounting focuses on internal
decision-making (budgeting, cost analysis).
Understanding basic accounting principles,
financial statements, and transaction
recording is essential.
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Accounting_BasicsAccounting_Basics_Enhanced.pptx

  • 2. What is Accounting? Accounting is the process of recording, summarizing, analyzing, and reporting financial transactions of a business. It helps businesses track income, expenses, assets, and liabilities to make informed decisions.
  • 3. The Accounting Equation Assets = Liabilities + Owners Equity - Assets: What the business owns (e.g., cash, buildings, inventory). - Liabilities: What the business owes (e.g., loans, accounts payable). - Owners Equity: The owner's investment plus retained earnings.
  • 4. Financial Statements - Income Statement: Shows revenues and expenses. - Balance Sheet: A snapshot of a companys financial position. - Cash Flow Statement: Shows cash inflows and outflows.
  • 5. Debits and Credits - Debits (Dr.): Increase assets or expenses, decrease liabilities or equity. - Credits (Cr.): Increase liabilities, revenues, or equity; decrease assets.
  • 6. Accounting Cycle 1. Identify transactions 2. Record transactions in the journal 3. Post transactions to the general ledger 4. Prepare a trial balance 5. Adjust entries 6. Prepare financial statements 7. Close the books
  • 7. Why Learn Accounting Before Managerial Accounting? Managerial accounting focuses on internal decision-making (budgeting, cost analysis). Understanding basic accounting principles, financial statements, and transaction recording is essential.