2. What is an acid?
• An a c i d i s a s o l u t i o n
t ha t ha s a n e x c e s s of
H + i o n s . I t c o me s f r o m
t h e L a t i n wo r d a c i d u s
t h a t m e a n s "s h a r p " o r
"s o u r ".
• T h e mo r e H + i o n s , t h e
mo r e a c i d i c t h e
s ol ut i on.
3. Properties of an Acid
• Tastes Sour
• Conduct Electricity
• Corrosive, which
means they break
down certain
substances. Many
acids can corrode
fabric, skin ,and
4. Uses of Acids
• Acetic Acid = Vinegar
• Citric Acid = lemons, limes, &
oranges. It is in many sour
candies such as lemonhead &
sour patch.
• Ascorbic acid = Vitamin C
which your body needs to
function.
• Sulfuric acid is used in the
production of
fertilizers, steel, paints, and
plastics.
• Car batteries
5. What is a base?
• A base is a solution that has
an excess of OH- ions.
• Another word for base is
alkali.
• Bases are substances that
can accept hydrogen ions.
6. Properties of a Base
•
•
•
•
•
•
Feel Slippery
Taste Bitter
Corrosive
Can conduct electricity.
Do not react with metals.
Turns red litmus paper blue.
7. Uses of Bases
• Ba
s o
ma
c l
s o
us
pr
• Th
i n
wi
s u
a s
s e s gi v e
a p s , a mmo n i a , a n d
ny ot he r
e a ni ng pr oduc t s
me o f t h e i r
e f ul
ope r t i e s .
e OH- i o n s
t e r a c t s t r ongl y
t h c e r t a i n
bs t a nc e s , s uc h
di r t a nd
8. pH Scale
• pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is.
• The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.
•
•
•
•
Acidic solutions have pH values below 7
A solution with a pH of 0 is very acidic.
A solution with a pH of 7 is neutral.
Pure water has a pH of 7.
• Basic solutions have pH values above 7.
10. Acid – Base Reactions
• A reaction
between an
acid and a
base is
called
neutralizat
ion. An acidbase
11. Effects of Acid Rain on Marble
George Washington:
before acid rain
George Washington:
after acid rain
12. Several Types of Acids
• Hydrochloric Acid.
– Stomach acid - has the sour taste of acid.
• Acetic Acid
– An ingredient in vinegar.
• Citric Acid
– Citrus fruits such as lemons, grapefruit, oranges, and limes have citric acid in
the juice.
• Lactic Acid
– Sour milk, sour cream, yogurt, and cottage cheese have lactic acid.
13. Some Common Bases
• Ammonia
– The most widely used base
– Used in household cleaning materials
– Used as fertilizer
• Calcium hydroxide
– Used to make mortar and plaster
– Used to help neutralize acid soil
• Sodium hydroxide
– One of the strongest bases
– Used in oven cleaners and drain cleaners
