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For a successful recovery from knee surgery, rehabilitation exercises must begin the day after surgery and be modified as recovery progresses. The post-op physiotherapy instructions provide a schedule of exercises to perform each day for the first few weeks, starting with ankle pumps and RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation) on day 0 and 1. Exercises are progressed over time to include isometrics, assisted leg raises, and walking with a walker or cane. After 4 weeks, the instructions introduce more advanced exercises and bracing before returning to daily activities between 6 to 12 weeks post-op.
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Pig farming, pork farming, pig production or hog farming is the raising and breeding of domestic pigs as livestock, and is a branch of animal husbandry. Pigs are farmed principally for food (e.g. pork: bacon, ham, gammon) and skins.
Pigs are amenable to many different styles of farming: intensive commercial units, commercial free range enterprises, or extensive farming (being allowed to wander around a village, town or city, or tethered in a simple shelter or kept in a pen outside the owner's house). Historically, farm pigs were kept in small numbers and were closely associated with the residence of the owner, or in the same village or town.[1] They were valued as a source of meat and fat, and for their ability to convert inedible food into meat and manure, and were often fed household food waste when kept on a homestead.[2] Pigs have been farmed to dispose of municipal garbage on a large scale.[3]
All these forms of pig farm are in use today, though intensive farms are by far the most popular, due to their potential to raise a large amount of pigs in a very cost-efficient manner.[4] In developed nations, commercial farms house thousands of pigs in climate-controlled buildings.[5] Pigs are a popular form of livestock, with more than one billion pigs butchered each year worldwide, 100 million in the United States. The majority of pigs are used for human food, but also supply skin, fat and other materials for use in clothing, ingredients for processed foods,[6] cosmetics,[7] and medical use.[8]Pig farming has gained importance today. Pigs have inherited capacity to acclimatize with varying climatic conditions. Pigs cannot withstand high temperature climate.
Pigs are adjusted to varied rearing practices and consume different types of food (Omnivorous) to attain higher growth and meat production.
Pigs will attain 60-70kg body weight in 6-8months period.
Female pigs i.e., sows will come to heat at age of 8-9 months but avoid using male pigs (Boars) for breeding purpose until it attains one year of age.
Adult sows when bred during right time after attaining maturity will farrow 8-12 piglets in 112-118 days of gestation period (i.e., about 4 months of gestation). Feedefficiencyis to gain one Kg live weightfor every 2.75-3kg feed consumed (FCR: 1:2.75). There are many advantageous in pig rearing. Pork is available at a cheaper price with nutritious and highly palatable tasty meat of higher quality animal protein. Pig bones are used for producing bone meal and also used for purification of sugar in sugar industry.
The manure droppings and urine are good fertilizers which enhance the soil fertilityand improve grain production.
Pig hairs (Bristles) are used for making brushes and ropes, hooves are used for shirt button making and preparation of gum. Hence, pigs are called as multi utility domestic animals. Farmers can take up piggery farming and reduce their debt burden and improve their profits and livelihood.
PROTEIN DEGRADATION via ubiquitous pathaway
PROTEIN DEGRADATION via ubiquitous pathawayKaviya Priya A
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Protein degradation via ubiquitous pathway In general science, a ubiquitous pathway refers to a biochemical or metabolic pathway that is:
1. *Widely present*: Found in many different organisms, tissues, or cells.
2. *Conserved*: Remains relatively unchanged across different species or contexts.
Examples of ubiquitous pathways include:
1. *Glycolysis*: The process of breaking down glucose for energy, found in nearly all living organisms.
2. *Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)*: A key metabolic pathway involved in energy production, present in many cells.
3. *Pentose phosphate pathway*: A metabolic pathway involved in energy production and antioxidant defenses, found in many organisms.
These pathways are essential for life and have been conserved across evolution, highlighting their importance for cellular function and survival.
ARepeatingFastRadioBurstSourceinaLow-luminosityDwarfGalaxy
ARepeatingFastRadioBurstSourceinaLow-luminosityDwarfGalaxyS辿rgio Sacani
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Wepresent the localizationandhostgalaxyofFRB20190208A, arepeatingsourceof fast radiobursts (FRBs) discoveredusingCHIME/FRB.Aspartof thePinpointingREpeatingChImeSourceswithEVNdishesrepeater localizationprogramon theEuropeanVLBINetwork (EVN),wemonitoredFRB20190208Afor 65.6hr at 1.4GHzanddetectedasingleburst,whichledtoitsverylongbaselineinterferometrylocalizationwith260mas uncertainty(2).Follow-upopticalobservationswiththeMMTObservatory(i25.7mag(AB))foundnovisible hostattheFRBposition.SubsequentdeeperobservationswiththeGranTelescopioCanarias,however,revealedan extremelyfaintgalaxy(r=27.32賊0.16mag),verylikely(99.95%)associatedwithFRB20190208A.Giventhe dispersionmeasureoftheFRB(580pccm3),eventhemostconservativeredshiftestimate( ~ z 0.83 max )implies TheAstrophysicalJournalLetters,977:L4(17pp),2024December10 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad8ce1 息2024.TheAuthor(s).PublishedbytheAmericanAstronomicalSociety. 30BantingFellow. 31McGillSpaceInstituteFellow. 32 FRQNTPostdoctoralFellow. Originalcontent fromthisworkmaybeusedunder theterms of theCreativeCommonsAttribution4.0licence.Anyfurther distributionofthisworkmustmaintainattributiontotheauthor(s)andthetitle of thework, journalcitationandDOI. 1The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 977:L4 (17pp), 2024 December 10 Hewitt et al. that this is the lowest-luminosity FRB host to date (108 Le), even less luminous than the dwarf host of FRB20121102A. We investigate how localization precision and the depth of optical imaging affect host association and discuss the implications of such a low-luminosity dwarf galaxy. Unlike the other repeaters with low-luminosity hosts, FRB 20190208A has a modest Faraday rotation measure of a few tens of rad m2, and EVN plus Very Large Array observations reveal no associated compact persistent radio source. We also monitored FRB20190208A for 40.4hr over 2yr as part of the Extragalactic Coherent Light from Astrophysical Transients repeating FRB monitoring campaign on the Nan巽ay Radio Telescope and detected one burst. Our results demonstrate that, in some cases, the robust association of an FRB with a host galaxy will require both high localization precision and deep optical follow-up. Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts: Radio bursts (1339); Radio transient sources (2008); Very long baseline interferometry (1769); Dwarf galaxies (416)Hormones and the Endocrine System | IGCSE Biology
Hormones and the Endocrine System | IGCSE BiologyBlessing Ndazie
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This IGCSE Biology presentation explores hormones and the endocrine system, explaining their role in controlling body functions. Learn about the differences between nervous and hormonal control, major endocrine glands, key hormones (such as insulin, adrenaline, and testosterone), and homeostasis. Understand how hormones regulate growth, metabolism, reproduction, and the fight-or-flight response. A perfect resource for Cambridge IGCSE students preparing for exams!Cell Structure & Function | Cambridge IGCSE Biology
Cell Structure & Function | Cambridge IGCSE BiologyBlessing Ndazie
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This IGCSE Biology presentation provides a detailed look at cell structure and function, covering the differences between animal and plant cells, the roles of organelles (nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, etc.), specialized cells, and levels of organization. Learn about diffusion, osmosis, and active transport in cells, with clear diagrams and explanations to support exam preparation. A must-have resource for Cambridge IGCSE students!Unjustly Incriminating Bacteria: the Role of Bacteriophages in Bacterial Infe...
Unjustly Incriminating Bacteria: the Role of Bacteriophages in Bacterial Infe...christianagboeze2427
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(Journal Club) Focused ultrasound excites neurons via mechanosensitive calciu...
(Journal Club) Focused ultrasound excites neurons via mechanosensitive calciu...David Podorefsky, PhD
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acl-reconstruction-pdf.PDF
- 1. For a successful outcome of surgery, rehabilitation exercises are of utmost importance. These have to be started from the day following your surgery and are gradually modified as your recovery progresses. General instructions Recovery depends on the nature of problem you had and type of procedure performed. Each individual responds differently to surgery Dont compare your recovery with other patients Exercises should be performed without any jerky or abrupt motion Bathing Do not wet the operated area. After stitch removal, you may take bath/ shower freely POST OP DAY 0 1. Do ankle toe pumps exercise after every 2 hours. Remember to bend your ankles up and down General physiotherapy instructions after ACL reconstruction surgery
- 2. 2. R.I.C.E. R Rest I Ice C Compression E - Elevation POST OP DAY 1 1. Keep on repeating the Ankle toe pump exercise ater every 2 hours. 2. Keep on regularly Icing the operated knee Do 10 reps of each of the following exercises twice daily 3. Isometrics Quads Slowly tighten muscles on thigh of straight leg. Try to straighten your knee. Hold for 5 to 10 seconds.
- 3. 4. Static Hamstring Press the towel below your heel, hold for 5-10 seconds and then relax 5. Assisted Hip Abduction Keep your toes pointed towards ceiling. Move your leg out to the side as far as possible . slowly return to the starting position and relax. 6. Heel 際際滷s Bend knee and pull heel towards buttocks upto 30 degrees 7. Walking with the help of walker strictly only after strapping your knee with knee brace Walk 3-4 times in a day All four legs of the walker should be on the ground before taking a step Take small steps when turning, do not twist on operated leg
- 4. POST OP DAY 2 1. Follow same as above exercises twice daily 2. Passive Straight Leg Raise Lift 3. Start using Tripod or quadripod stick for walking for maximum of 4 weeks, Strictly wearing a knee brace ( only if comfortable) 4. Toilet Training Using a regular or raised toilet seat: Back up to the toilet seat until you feel it against the back of your legs Reach back with one hand a time to the edge of the toilet seat Lower yourself by bending your good leg
- 5. 5. Chair Sitting Toilet transfer using a commode chair is just like using a regular armchair FOLLOW THE SAME FOR A WEEK AND FROM 2ND WEEK 1. Continue same exercises 2. VMO exercises
- 6. AFTER 4 WEEKS 1. Continue same exercises as advised 2. Start using Hinge Brace and use it for next 3 months 3. Wall 際際滷s 4. Single step up and down 5. Stair climbing/descending (Go with Good/Come with Bad) 6.
- 7. 7. Standing exercises 8. Cycling RETURN TO WORK 1. Sedentry office work can be resumed in 6 weeks 2. If in sales or one that involves touring, you may take 12 weeks to return to the job 3. Use hinge brace regularly for 6 weeks
- 8. 6 WEEKS AND ABOVE (RESISITIVE EXERCISES) Tie a light, 遜kg to 1kg initialy weight cuff around ankle and do 1. Leg extensions without straightening the knee completely in sitting 2. Straight leg lift 3. Leg press against wall 4. Back curl in standing 5. Can resume gym for upper limb 6. Leg press 7. Other exercises like cycling with resistance, swimming can be gradually resumed and sports participation can be started once you have regained strength and range of motion in operted leg