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Acosta gold in-peru_present_status_and_future_challenge

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Pedro Reyes
Pedro Reyes

gold Peru

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161 ??????, ?48?, ?2?, 161-168, 2015 Econ. Environ. Geol., 48(2), 161-168, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.9719/EEG.2015.48.2.161 pISSN 1225-7281 eISSN 2288-7962 ??? ?: ??? ??? ?? ??? ????1 ¡¤???? ?????2 ¡¤??? ????2,3 ¡¤???4*¡¤???4 ¡¤???4 1 ???????????, 2 ??????? 3 ??? ????, 4 ????????? Gold in Peru: Present Status and Future Challenge Jorge Acosta1 , Alberto Bustamante2 , Miguel Cardozo2,3 , Chul-Ho Heo4*, Bum Han Lee4 and Hyeong-Tae Nam4 1 INGEMMET. Direcci¨®n de Recursos Minerales y Energ¨¦ticos. Av. Canad¨¢ # 1470. San Borja-Lima 41 2 EXPLOANDES SAC. Av. Javier Prado Este 1238 San Isidro, Lima - Per¨² 3 ALTURAS MINERALS. Av. del Pinar #180. Santiago de Surco. Lima - Per¨² 4 Mineral Resources Research Department, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 305- 350, Korea (Received: 20 January 2015 / Revised: 26 March 2015 / Accepted: 6 April 2015) Total reported gold resources in Peru is about 192 Moz. Gold production in Peru was 4.9 Moz in 2013, which was ranked first in Latin America and sixth in the world. Historic cumulative gold production in Peru is 118 Moz, and production from main gold belts including Miocene epithermal belt, Carboniferous-Permian orogenic gold belt and Upper Cretaceous intrusion-related gold belt corresponds to 84%. Most of production areas are located in Northern part of Peru, which corresponds to 63.5% of the total domestic production. Annual production onces in Yanacocha mine and Alto Chicama were 1 Moz and 0.606 Moz in 2013, which were ranked first and second in Peru, respectively. Gold production in Peru is expected to be 6.5 Moz in 2017. To accomplish the expected produc- tion, ongoing 14 projects should be developed to the production stage in three years. Key words : gold, production, Peru ??? ? ???? 1? 9200? ??? ???. ??? ? ???? 2013? ?? 490? ??? ?????? ? ? 1?, ? ?? 6?? ????. ??? ???? ? ???? 1? 1800? ???? ? ?? 84%? ???? ?? ? ???, ???-???? ???, ??? ??? ????? ?????. ???? ? ???? ??? ?? ?? ? ????? ? ????? ?? ?? ? ???? 63.5%? ????. 2013?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ? ? ?? ? ???? ?? ??? ?????? 60.6? ??? ? ?? ???. ??? ? ???? 2017?? 650? ??? ?? ??? ????. ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? 14? ????? ?? 3? ?? ?? ?? ? ????? ??. ??? : ?, ??, ?? This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided original work is properly cited. *Corresponding author: chheo@kigam.re.kr
162 ??? ????¡¤???? ?????¡¤??? ????¡¤???¡¤???¡¤??? 1. ? ? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ? ???? ??? ?? ?????. ???? ?? ? ? ???? ??? ?, ?, ??, ? ? ?? ??? ? ???? ??? ??? ???, ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??. ? ?? ? ?? ??(Ž§ î)?? ???? ??. ???? ??, ?? ????, ?? ????? ? ???? ?? ? ?? ???? ??. ?? ???? ????? ? ? ??, ??? ??, ??? ?? ? ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ???? ??. ??? 1980?? ??? 5?? 17? ??? ??? ??, ? ?? 10? ?? ? ????? ?????? ??, ???, ???, ??, ??, ???? ?? ?? ?? 8?? ???? ???? ???? ??(USGS, 1980-2009). ??? ???? ???? ???? 2003 ??? 560? ??? ???? ??? ?? 5?? ? ????, 2005?? ?? ??? ?? ????? 670? ??? ??? ? ?? 5?? ????. ? ????? ?? ????? ?? 2007??? ? ???????? 1? ??? ????? 2008? ?? ?? ??? ? ????? ????? 2012??? 1? 1800? ??? ???? ????, ??, ??, ???, ????????, ??? ? ?? ???(Fig. 1). 1980??? 2012? ??? ? ?? ? ???? ? ?? 3.0%? ???? ??? 3920? ???? 8540? ??? ????? ? ???? ??? ?? ? ? ? ?(Fig. 1). ?? ????? ?? ? ??? ??? ?? ? ? ???? ???? ? ????? ????? ??. ? ?, ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????, ?? ? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??. 2. ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????. ? ?? ??? ? ???? 1990???? ??? ??? ????. 1990??? ???? ???? ???? ? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? 1993?? ?? ??(Yanacocha)? ???? ???? ??? ??? 1996?? ?? ??-????(Santa Rosa-Comarsa), ??(Sip¨¢n)? 1997?? ?? ??? ?????. ? ?? 2000?? ????(Pierina), 2002?? ?? ?? -????(Santa Rosa-Arutani)? ???(Quicay)? ? ?? ????? 2003??? ? ???(La Virgen), 2004?? ???(Tucari), 2005?? ???? ??? (Lagunas Norte)? 2007?? ???(Arasi)? ?? ? ?? ????. Fig. 1. Worldwide gold production and major production country.
??? ?: ??? ??? ?? 163 ??? 90???? ???? ??? 1980??? ? ? ?? 225? ????? 2005??? 670? ??? ????. ??? ??? 1995??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ? ?? 1?? ? ????? 6?? ? ???? ??(Fig. 2 and 3). 3. ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? 1? 9200? ??? ???. ? ? ? 67%? 1? 3000? ??? ??? 3? ???? ???? ??. ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? 1? 1800? ??, ? ??-???? ????? 1000? ??? ??? 2? ? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??. ? ?? ????? 5300? ??? ???? ??? ? ? 3600? ??? ????? ???, ??-??? ? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ? ??. ? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ? ??? ????. ???-????? ?????? 1700 ? ??? ???? ? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????. ? ? ? ??? ?? ???? 900? ??? ?? ????(Fig. 4). ??? ???? ? ???? 1? 1800? ???? ? ?? 84%? ???? ??? ???, ???-?? ?? ???, ??? ??? ????? ?????. ???? ??? ????? 7400? ??? ?? ?? ? ???? 63%? ???. ? ????? ?? ? ??? ??? 2,000 km????, ????, ?? ? ??(Alto Chicama), ????, ???? ?? ? ?? ?? ????. ???? ?? ??? ??? ???- ???? ????? ? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ? ???? ? 200 km? ?? ???? ??? 1700? ??? ????. ????? ???? (Parcoy), ????(Retamas), ? ????(La Poderosa) ?? ?? ??. ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ? ???? ? 500 km? ??? ?? ???? ? ?? ? ???(Sn Jn Chorunga), ????(Caravel¨ª), ???(Ori¨®n)?? ??(Fig. 5). ??? 2013?? ? ???? 490? ????? ? ? 90%??? 25? ???? ??? ?????. ? ??? ? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ? ????? ?? ?? ? ???? 63.5%? ?? Fig. 2. Gold production from 1821 to 1900 in Republic stage of Peru.
164 ??? ????¡¤???? ?????¡¤??? ????¡¤???¡¤???¡¤??? ??. ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ???? ?? ??? ?????? 60.6? ??? ? ?? ? ??. ? ?? ????, ? ???(La Arena), ??? ?, ?? ???(Cerro Corona), ? ??(La Zanja), ????, ????, ? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? 20? ?? ??? ????. ??? 35%? ?? ? ?? ???? ??????(M.D.D)? 495,000 ? ?? ?? ? ??? 3?? ?????, ???? (Orcopampa) 162,000 ??, ???(Tukari) 158,000 ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??. ? ?? ???(Arasi), ?????(Laytaruma), ?????(Breapampa), ?????(Antapaccay), ?? ???(Veta Dorada), ???(Anab¨ª), ??? ???? (Minera Paraiso), ????, ????(Pallancata), ?? ???(Corihuarmi) ???? 110,000 ?? ??? ? ??? ???(Fig. 6). ???? ?? 17?? ?? ????? ???? ? ?? ????? ????(Shahuindo), ? ???(San Luis), ? ???(El Galeno), ?????(Ca?ariaco), ? ???(La Granja), ??? ??(Minas Conga), ?????(Michiquillay)?? 7?? ????? ??? ? ??. 9?? ????? ????? ???? (Chucapaca), ?????(Inmacullada), ???(Anama), ????(Ollachea), ?? ???(Los Chancas), ?? ?(Haquira), ?? ???(Las Bambas), ????? (Constancia), ????(Zafranal)?? ???? ??? ????? ???(Invicta)?? 1?? ????? ? ????. ? ?? ????? 2014??? 2019??? ? ??? ??? ??? ??(Fig. 6) 4. ??? ? ?? ?? ??? 1990??? 2013??? ? ???? 649,000 ???? 490? ??? ????? 2005??? ? ? ??? 670? ??? ???? ? ???? ???? ? ??. 2017??? ? ???? 650? ??? ?? Fig. 3. Gold production from 1991 to 2013 in Republic stage of Peru.
??? ?: ??? ??? ?? 165 Fig. 4. Gold resources and reserves in the main belts in Peru. Fig. 5. Historic cumulative gold production in Peru.
166 ??? ????¡¤???? ?????¡¤??? ????¡¤???¡¤???¡¤??? ??? ????. ?? ?? ? ??? ???? ?? ? ?? ??? 1993? ????? ?? ??? ? ??? ????? ????. 2014??? ????, ? ??, ?????, ?? ???, ??????? ?? ??? 194,000 ??? ?? ??? ????. 2015? ?? ???, ???, ?? ???, ?????? 337,000 ??? ?? ???? ? ? ???? 540? ??? ??? ????. 2016??? ?????? 400,000 ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? 2017?? ? ??? ??, ? ???, ? ???, ????, ? ??? ???? 90? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? 650? ??? ??? ? ???? ??? ?? ??. 2018??? ?? ??? ??? ?? 630? ? ?? ??? ??? ????, 2019???? ???? ?, ????? ??? ??? ???? 640? ??? ?? ??? ????. ??? 2020? ??? 2025? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ?? ???? 610? ???? 510? ??? ??? ????(Fig. 7) 5. ? ? ??? ? ??? 2017??? 650? ??? ??? ? ???? ?? ??? ????. ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? 14? ????? ???? ? ? 3? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????. ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???, ???? ??? ?? ??? ??. ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ? ?? ???? ??? ????(Cardoso, 2014). ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ? ???? ?? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??. ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? Fig. 6. Mines and future gold producers in Peru.
??? ?: ??? ??? ?? 167 ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????. ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ? ? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???????(INGEMMET)??? ? ? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??. ???? ??? 2009?? 42%? ??? ?? 2013?? 29%?? ????? ?? ???? 10? 3500? ???? 6? 8300? ??? 34%? ???? (SNL Metal & Mining). ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? 2014? ?? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ? 10% ?? ? ????(Cardoso, 2014). ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ??? 1,411 ??? ?? ?. 2014??? ?? 4??? ??? ?? ??? ? ? ??? 1,300 ???? ????. 2015??? ?? ? 1,400???? 1,250 ????? ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??(Mohr, 2014; Chiristian, 2014). ?? ???????? ?? ? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??, ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???. ? ? ? ??? ?????????? ????? ¡®¡®?? /??/??? ?????? ? ????? ??(15- 3217)¡¯¡¯? ??? ???????. ??? ???? ? ??? ???? ??, ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??????. References Boggio, M. (1981) Oro en el Per¨². MineroTomo V: Min- erales y Metales. Pag. 256-257. Boggio, M. (1997) El Oro en el Per¨². MineroTomo VII: Econom¨ªa. Pag. 252-254, 256. Esp¨ª, J. (2001) El libro de la Miner¨ªa del Oro en Iberoam¨¦rica. RED XIII-B, CYTED. Madrid-Espa?a. Comit¨¦ aur¨ªfero del Per¨². SNMP . Lima-Per¨². Pags. 345-347. Cardozo, M. (2014) Potencial Aur¨ªfero y Argent¨ªfero en el Fig. 7. Peruvian gold production from 1990 to 2025.
168 ??? ????¡¤???? ?????¡¤??? ????¡¤???¡¤???¡¤??? Per¨². Revista Desde Adentro. No. 129. Sociedad Nacional de Miner¨ªa y Petr¨®leo. Pag. 64-66. Christian, J. (2014) Gold, Silver and the Global Economy Outlook. CPM Group. Presentaci¨®n 11¡ã Simposium del Oro y la Plata. Lima, mayo, 2014. INGEMMET (2011) Mapa Metalogen¨¦tico del Oro del Per¨². Ministerio de Energ¨ªa y Minas del Per¨². Anuarios Min- eros and Producci¨®n de oro 1990-2013. Mohr, P . (2014) Gradually Tightening U.S. Monetary Pol- icy Will Check Gold Prices Near-Term, Despite Strong Physical Demand in ChinaPresentaci¨®n. Scotia- bak. 11¡ã Simposium del Oro y la Plata. Lima, mayo, 2014. Reportes anuales de compa?¨ªas mineras en Per¨². Reser- vas y Recurso de oro. U.S. Geological Survey (2012) Gold statistics, in Kelly, T.D., and Matos, G.R., comps., Historical statistics for mineral and material commodities in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 140, accessed [date] http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/histori- cal-statistics/ds140-gold.pdf

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Acosta gold in-peru_present_status_and_future_challenge

  • 1. 161 ??????, ?48?, ?2?, 161-168, 2015 Econ. Environ. Geol., 48(2), 161-168, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.9719/EEG.2015.48.2.161 pISSN 1225-7281 eISSN 2288-7962 ??? ?: ??? ??? ?? ??? ????1 ¡¤???? ?????2 ¡¤??? ????2,3 ¡¤???4*¡¤???4 ¡¤???4 1 ???????????, 2 ??????? 3 ??? ????, 4 ????????? Gold in Peru: Present Status and Future Challenge Jorge Acosta1 , Alberto Bustamante2 , Miguel Cardozo2,3 , Chul-Ho Heo4*, Bum Han Lee4 and Hyeong-Tae Nam4 1 INGEMMET. Direcci¨®n de Recursos Minerales y Energ¨¦ticos. Av. Canad¨¢ # 1470. San Borja-Lima 41 2 EXPLOANDES SAC. Av. Javier Prado Este 1238 San Isidro, Lima - Per¨² 3 ALTURAS MINERALS. Av. del Pinar #180. Santiago de Surco. Lima - Per¨² 4 Mineral Resources Research Department, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 305- 350, Korea (Received: 20 January 2015 / Revised: 26 March 2015 / Accepted: 6 April 2015) Total reported gold resources in Peru is about 192 Moz. Gold production in Peru was 4.9 Moz in 2013, which was ranked first in Latin America and sixth in the world. Historic cumulative gold production in Peru is 118 Moz, and production from main gold belts including Miocene epithermal belt, Carboniferous-Permian orogenic gold belt and Upper Cretaceous intrusion-related gold belt corresponds to 84%. Most of production areas are located in Northern part of Peru, which corresponds to 63.5% of the total domestic production. Annual production onces in Yanacocha mine and Alto Chicama were 1 Moz and 0.606 Moz in 2013, which were ranked first and second in Peru, respectively. Gold production in Peru is expected to be 6.5 Moz in 2017. To accomplish the expected produc- tion, ongoing 14 projects should be developed to the production stage in three years. Key words : gold, production, Peru ??? ? ???? 1? 9200? ??? ???. ??? ? ???? 2013? ?? 490? ??? ?????? ? ? 1?, ? ?? 6?? ????. ??? ???? ? ???? 1? 1800? ???? ? ?? 84%? ???? ?? ? ???, ???-???? ???, ??? ??? ????? ?????. ???? ? ???? ??? ?? ?? ? ????? ? ????? ?? ?? ? ???? 63.5%? ????. 2013?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ? ? ?? ? ???? ?? ??? ?????? 60.6? ??? ? ?? ???. ??? ? ???? 2017?? 650? ??? ?? ??? ????. ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? 14? ????? ?? 3? ?? ?? ?? ? ????? ??. ??? : ?, ??, ?? This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided original work is properly cited. *Corresponding author: chheo@kigam.re.kr
  • 2. 162 ??? ????¡¤???? ?????¡¤??? ????¡¤???¡¤???¡¤??? 1. ? ? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ? ???? ??? ?? ?????. ???? ?? ? ? ???? ??? ?, ?, ??, ? ? ?? ??? ? ???? ??? ??? ???, ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??. ? ?? ? ?? ??(Ž§ î)?? ???? ??. ???? ??, ?? ????, ?? ????? ? ???? ?? ? ?? ???? ??. ?? ???? ????? ? ? ??, ??? ??, ??? ?? ? ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ???? ??. ??? 1980?? ??? 5?? 17? ??? ??? ??, ? ?? 10? ?? ? ????? ?????? ??, ???, ???, ??, ??, ???? ?? ?? ?? 8?? ???? ???? ???? ??(USGS, 1980-2009). ??? ???? ???? ???? 2003 ??? 560? ??? ???? ??? ?? 5?? ? ????, 2005?? ?? ??? ?? ????? 670? ??? ??? ? ?? 5?? ????. ? ????? ?? ????? ?? 2007??? ? ???????? 1? ??? ????? 2008? ?? ?? ??? ? ????? ????? 2012??? 1? 1800? ??? ???? ????, ??, ??, ???, ????????, ??? ? ?? ???(Fig. 1). 1980??? 2012? ??? ? ?? ? ???? ? ?? 3.0%? ???? ??? 3920? ???? 8540? ??? ????? ? ???? ??? ?? ? ? ? ?(Fig. 1). ?? ????? ?? ? ??? ??? ?? ? ? ???? ???? ? ????? ????? ??. ? ?, ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????, ?? ? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??. 2. ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????. ? ?? ??? ? ???? 1990???? ??? ??? ????. 1990??? ???? ???? ???? ? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? 1993?? ?? ??(Yanacocha)? ???? ???? ??? ??? 1996?? ?? ??-????(Santa Rosa-Comarsa), ??(Sip¨¢n)? 1997?? ?? ??? ?????. ? ?? 2000?? ????(Pierina), 2002?? ?? ?? -????(Santa Rosa-Arutani)? ???(Quicay)? ? ?? ????? 2003??? ? ???(La Virgen), 2004?? ???(Tucari), 2005?? ???? ??? (Lagunas Norte)? 2007?? ???(Arasi)? ?? ? ?? ????. Fig. 1. Worldwide gold production and major production country.
  • 3. ??? ?: ??? ??? ?? 163 ??? 90???? ???? ??? 1980??? ? ? ?? 225? ????? 2005??? 670? ??? ????. ??? ??? 1995??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ? ?? 1?? ? ????? 6?? ? ???? ??(Fig. 2 and 3). 3. ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? 1? 9200? ??? ???. ? ? ? 67%? 1? 3000? ??? ??? 3? ???? ???? ??. ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? 1? 1800? ??, ? ??-???? ????? 1000? ??? ??? 2? ? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??. ? ?? ????? 5300? ??? ???? ??? ? ? 3600? ??? ????? ???, ??-??? ? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ? ??. ? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ? ??? ????. ???-????? ?????? 1700 ? ??? ???? ? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????. ? ? ? ??? ?? ???? 900? ??? ?? ????(Fig. 4). ??? ???? ? ???? 1? 1800? ???? ? ?? 84%? ???? ??? ???, ???-?? ?? ???, ??? ??? ????? ?????. ???? ??? ????? 7400? ??? ?? ?? ? ???? 63%? ???. ? ????? ?? ? ??? ??? 2,000 km????, ????, ?? ? ??(Alto Chicama), ????, ???? ?? ? ?? ?? ????. ???? ?? ??? ??? ???- ???? ????? ? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ? ???? ? 200 km? ?? ???? ??? 1700? ??? ????. ????? ???? (Parcoy), ????(Retamas), ? ????(La Poderosa) ?? ?? ??. ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ? ???? ? 500 km? ??? ?? ???? ? ?? ? ???(Sn Jn Chorunga), ????(Caravel¨ª), ???(Ori¨®n)?? ??(Fig. 5). ??? 2013?? ? ???? 490? ????? ? ? 90%??? 25? ???? ??? ?????. ? ??? ? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ? ????? ?? ?? ? ???? 63.5%? ?? Fig. 2. Gold production from 1821 to 1900 in Republic stage of Peru.
  • 4. 164 ??? ????¡¤???? ?????¡¤??? ????¡¤???¡¤???¡¤??? ??. ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ???? ?? ??? ?????? 60.6? ??? ? ?? ? ??. ? ?? ????, ? ???(La Arena), ??? ?, ?? ???(Cerro Corona), ? ??(La Zanja), ????, ????, ? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? 20? ?? ??? ????. ??? 35%? ?? ? ?? ???? ??????(M.D.D)? 495,000 ? ?? ?? ? ??? 3?? ?????, ???? (Orcopampa) 162,000 ??, ???(Tukari) 158,000 ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??. ? ?? ???(Arasi), ?????(Laytaruma), ?????(Breapampa), ?????(Antapaccay), ?? ???(Veta Dorada), ???(Anab¨ª), ??? ???? (Minera Paraiso), ????, ????(Pallancata), ?? ???(Corihuarmi) ???? 110,000 ?? ??? ? ??? ???(Fig. 6). ???? ?? 17?? ?? ????? ???? ? ?? ????? ????(Shahuindo), ? ???(San Luis), ? ???(El Galeno), ?????(Ca?ariaco), ? ???(La Granja), ??? ??(Minas Conga), ?????(Michiquillay)?? 7?? ????? ??? ? ??. 9?? ????? ????? ???? (Chucapaca), ?????(Inmacullada), ???(Anama), ????(Ollachea), ?? ???(Los Chancas), ?? ?(Haquira), ?? ???(Las Bambas), ????? (Constancia), ????(Zafranal)?? ???? ??? ????? ???(Invicta)?? 1?? ????? ? ????. ? ?? ????? 2014??? 2019??? ? ??? ??? ??? ??(Fig. 6) 4. ??? ? ?? ?? ??? 1990??? 2013??? ? ???? 649,000 ???? 490? ??? ????? 2005??? ? ? ??? 670? ??? ???? ? ???? ???? ? ??. 2017??? ? ???? 650? ??? ?? Fig. 3. Gold production from 1991 to 2013 in Republic stage of Peru.
  • 5. ??? ?: ??? ??? ?? 165 Fig. 4. Gold resources and reserves in the main belts in Peru. Fig. 5. Historic cumulative gold production in Peru.
  • 6. 166 ??? ????¡¤???? ?????¡¤??? ????¡¤???¡¤???¡¤??? ??? ????. ?? ?? ? ??? ???? ?? ? ?? ??? 1993? ????? ?? ??? ? ??? ????? ????. 2014??? ????, ? ??, ?????, ?? ???, ??????? ?? ??? 194,000 ??? ?? ??? ????. 2015? ?? ???, ???, ?? ???, ?????? 337,000 ??? ?? ???? ? ? ???? 540? ??? ??? ????. 2016??? ?????? 400,000 ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? 2017?? ? ??? ??, ? ???, ? ???, ????, ? ??? ???? 90? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? 650? ??? ??? ? ???? ??? ?? ??. 2018??? ?? ??? ??? ?? 630? ? ?? ??? ??? ????, 2019???? ???? ?, ????? ??? ??? ???? 640? ??? ?? ??? ????. ??? 2020? ??? 2025? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ?? ???? 610? ???? 510? ??? ??? ????(Fig. 7) 5. ? ? ??? ? ??? 2017??? 650? ??? ??? ? ???? ?? ??? ????. ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? 14? ????? ???? ? ? 3? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????. ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???, ???? ??? ?? ??? ??. ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ? ?? ???? ??? ????(Cardoso, 2014). ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ? ???? ?? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??. ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? Fig. 6. Mines and future gold producers in Peru.
  • 7. ??? ?: ??? ??? ?? 167 ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????. ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ? ? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???????(INGEMMET)??? ? ? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??. ???? ??? 2009?? 42%? ??? ?? 2013?? 29%?? ????? ?? ???? 10? 3500? ???? 6? 8300? ??? 34%? ???? (SNL Metal & Mining). ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? 2014? ?? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ? 10% ?? ? ????(Cardoso, 2014). ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ??? 1,411 ??? ?? ?. 2014??? ?? 4??? ??? ?? ??? ? ? ??? 1,300 ???? ????. 2015??? ?? ? 1,400???? 1,250 ????? ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??(Mohr, 2014; Chiristian, 2014). ?? ???????? ?? ? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??, ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???. ? ? ? ??? ?????????? ????? ¡®¡®?? /??/??? ?????? ? ????? ??(15- 3217)¡¯¡¯? ??? ???????. ??? ???? ? ??? ???? ??, ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??????. References Boggio, M. (1981) Oro en el Per¨². MineroTomo V: Min- erales y Metales. Pag. 256-257. Boggio, M. (1997) El Oro en el Per¨². MineroTomo VII: Econom¨ªa. Pag. 252-254, 256. Esp¨ª, J. (2001) El libro de la Miner¨ªa del Oro en Iberoam¨¦rica. RED XIII-B, CYTED. Madrid-Espa?a. Comit¨¦ aur¨ªfero del Per¨². SNMP . Lima-Per¨². Pags. 345-347. Cardozo, M. (2014) Potencial Aur¨ªfero y Argent¨ªfero en el Fig. 7. Peruvian gold production from 1990 to 2025.
  • 8. 168 ??? ????¡¤???? ?????¡¤??? ????¡¤???¡¤???¡¤??? Per¨². Revista Desde Adentro. No. 129. Sociedad Nacional de Miner¨ªa y Petr¨®leo. Pag. 64-66. Christian, J. (2014) Gold, Silver and the Global Economy Outlook. CPM Group. Presentaci¨®n 11¡ã Simposium del Oro y la Plata. Lima, mayo, 2014. INGEMMET (2011) Mapa Metalogen¨¦tico del Oro del Per¨². Ministerio de Energ¨ªa y Minas del Per¨². Anuarios Min- eros and Producci¨®n de oro 1990-2013. Mohr, P . (2014) Gradually Tightening U.S. Monetary Pol- icy Will Check Gold Prices Near-Term, Despite Strong Physical Demand in ChinaPresentaci¨®n. Scotia- bak. 11¡ã Simposium del Oro y la Plata. Lima, mayo, 2014. Reportes anuales de compa?¨ªas mineras en Per¨². Reser- vas y Recurso de oro. U.S. Geological Survey (2012) Gold statistics, in Kelly, T.D., and Matos, G.R., comps., Historical statistics for mineral and material commodities in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 140, accessed [date] http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/histori- cal-statistics/ds140-gold.pdf