Active constituent of drugs used in diabetic therapy

Jan 2, 2019Download as PPTX, PDF20 likes5,910 views

In this slide the active constituents which is isolated from herbal sources used for to treat the type 1 and type 2 diabetes is covered. 'Gymnema' and 'swerita chirata' herbal plant is also covered in the slide.This work help in to focus the herbal emphasis on diabetes.

ACTIVE CONSTITUENT OF
DRUGS USED IN DIABETIC
THERAPY
SCHOOL OF PHARMACY SRTMU, NANDED
Guided By - Dr. S.S. Pekamwar
(M.Pharm Ph.D, Pharmaceutical
chemistry)
Presented By – Akshay Kank
(M.Pharm Pharmaceutical
chemistry)

Contents
 Introduction-DIABETES
 Medicinal plant used for diabetics
 Global Burden Of Diabetes
 Gymnema sylvestre
 Salacia reticulate
 Swertia chirata
 References

Diabetes
 Diabetes is a heterogeneous group of syndromes
characterized by elevated blood glucose attributed to
a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin.
Type-1 diabetes(insulin
dependent)
Type-2 diabetes(insulin
independent)
Gestational diabetes
Diabetes due to genetic
defects
According to
ADA

Global Burden Of Diabetes
 It is estimated that approximately 285 million people
worldwide, or 6.6% in the age group 20-79 will have
diabetes in 2013.
 According to WHO, this number is expected to
increase by more than 50% in the next 20 years if
preventive programmes are not put in place.
 The largest increases will take place in the regions
dominated by developing economies.

Active constituent of drugs used in diabetic therapy

Medicinal Plants Used For Diabetes
Gymnema
sylvestre
Salacia
reticulata
Swertia
chirata
• Several medicinal plants have found potential use as
hypoglycemic in the Indian system of medicines, including
Ayurveda.
• The use of herbs as hypoglycemics is a major avenue in Indian
perspectives particularly for treating diabetes. Example -
Annona squamosa L. Common name: Sugar apple Lowers
blood glucose level.

Gymnema
Gymnema sylvestre, family- Apocynaceae
Common name- Gudmar, Bedakicha pala, Madhunaashini etc.

Gymnema- Chemical Constituents
Gymenma sylvestre leaves contain triterpene saponins
belonging to oleanane and dammarene classes.
Oleanane saponins are gymnemic acid and
gymnemasaponins, while Dammarene saponin are
gymnemasides.
Other components are Flavones, anthraquinone, Resins,
Tartric acid, Glycosides and Stigmasterol etc.

Gymnema- Chemical Constituents
Gymnemic acid gymnemasaponin
s

Mechanism Of Action-Gymnemic acid
 There are some possible mechanisms by which the leaves and
especially Gymnemic acids from G. sylvestre exert its
hypoglycemic effects are:
 It increases secretion of insulin
 It promotes regeneration of islet cells
 It increases utilization of glucose: It is shown to increase the
activities of enzymes responsible for utilization of glucose by
insulin-dependent pathways, an increase in phosphorylase
activity, decrease in gluconeogenic enzymes and sorbitol
dehydrogenase and
 It causes inhibition of glucose absorption from intestine,the
exact action being unknown. It could be involve one or more
mechanisms (Nakamura et al., 1999).

Other Uses
Used in treatment
of blood pressure
and cardiac
rhythms.
Decreasing
Glycosylated
haemoglobin
Hb1AC.
Used in
glycosuria.
Used in
antiinflammatory,
anti helminthes,
expectorant and
snake bites.
Lowering serum
cholestrol and
triglycerides.
Used for weight
loss.

Salacia Reticulate
Salacia reticulata, at dry zone forests in Shrilanka
Family- Hypocrataceae
Common name- Kothala himbutu, Maharimula.

Salacia- Chemical Constituents
Active Antidiabetic Constituents
• Salacinol, Neosalacinol, Kotalanol,
Mangiferine, 13MRT
Other Constituents
• 1,3 diketones, dulcitol,
Leucopelargonidine, Glycosidal tannin,
Triterpenoids lambertic acid

Salacia
 Other Uses-
As a anti-inflammatory
Treatment of asthma
Amenorrhea
Dysmenorrhea
Rheumatism
 Side effects-
Pain in abdomen
Nausea
Diarrhoea

References
 https://www.researchgate.net/.../260920476
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc217095
1
 /pallavibohra/gymnemasylve
stre
 Natural products, By rapheal Ikan, second edition,
Elsevier publication
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc503302
9
 Ukaazpublications.com/attached/publication/5%20artic
les.20pdf

The document discusses four plants used in traditional Indian medicine to treat diabetes: Gymnema sylvestre, Salacia reticulata, Pterocarpus marsupium, and Swertia chirata. It describes the chemical constituents of each plant including major components like gymnemic acid, salacinol, and mangiferin. It also summarizes the proposed mechanisms of action for lowering blood glucose, such as inhibiting alpha-glucosidase enzymes and increasing insulin secretion. A brief overview of other medicinal uses and potential side effects is provided for each plant.

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Title: Regulation of Tubular Reabsorption – A Comprehensive Overview Description: This lecture provides a detailed and structured explanation of the mechanisms regulating tubular reabsorption in the kidneys. It explores how different physiological and hormonal factors influence glomerular filtration and reabsorption rates, ensuring fluid and electrolyte balance in the body. 🔍 Who Should Read This? This presentation is designed for: ✔️ Medical Students (MBBS, BDS, Nursing, Allied Health Sciences) preparing for physiology exams. ✔️ Medical Educators & Professors looking for structured teaching material. ✔️ Healthcare Professionals (doctors, nephrologists, and physiologists) seeking a refresher on renal physiology. ✔️ Postgraduate Students & Researchers in the field of medical sciences and physiology. 📌 What You’ll Learn: ✅ Local Regulation of Tubular Reabsorption ✔️ Glomerulo-Tubular Balance – its mechanism and clinical significance ✔️ Net reabsorptive forces affecting peritubular capillaries ✔️ Role of peritubular hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressures ✅ Hormonal Regulation of Tubular Reabsorption ✔️ Effects of Aldosterone, Angiotensin II, ADH, and Natriuretic Peptides ✔️ Clinical conditions like Addison’s disease & Conn Syndrome ✔️ Mechanisms of pressure natriuresis and diuresis ✅ Nervous System Regulation ✔️ Sympathetic Nervous System activation and its effects on sodium reabsorption 🩺 Clinical Correlations & Case Discussions ✔️ How renal regulation is altered in hypertension, hypotension, and proteinuria ✔️ Comparison of Glomerulo-Tubular Balance vs. Tubulo-Glomerular Feedback This presentation provides detailed diagrams, flowcharts, and calculations to enhance understanding and retention. Whether you are studying, teaching, or practicing medicine, this lecture will serve as a valuable resource for mastering renal physiology. 📢 Keywords for Easy Search: #Physiology #RenalPhysiology #TubularReabsorption #GlomeruloTubularBalance #HormonalRegulation #MedicalEducation #Nephrology

Hingula.ppt- Rasadravya parichaya- NCISMShri Shivayogeeshwar Rural Ayurvedic Medical college, INCHAL,

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Hingula(Cinnabar) Synonyms - Churna Parada, Darada, Mleccha, Rasagarbha,Rasodbhava, Shukatunda, Hamsapada, Lohagna Mineralogical Identification Chemical Formula- HgS Chemical name- mercury sulfide Nature – Crystalline Colour- Bright Red Crystal- Trigonal. Clevage- - Diaphaneity- Transparent to Translucent Fracture- Uneven Tenacity- Brittle Lustre- Vitreous Streak- Red Sp. Gravity- 8 to 8.1 Hardness- 2 to 2.5 Sources - It is found near volcanic region and near mercury mines(extracted). - It is associated with other minerals like Stibnite, pyrite, realgar, calcite etc. - Almaden (Spain), California, Texas. Types 1) Charmara 2) Shukhatunda 3) Hamsapada ( Ap 2/69) 1) Khanija 2) Kritrima (RT 9/4) Grahya ad Agrahyata जपा कुसुम वर्णाभ: पेषण सुमनोहर: | महोज्वालो भारपूर्णो हिंगुल: श्रेष्ठ उच्यते || RT 9/3 Doshas Andya( Blindness) Kshinata Klama Bhrama Moha Prameha ( AP 2/73) Shodhana 1) Grahya Hingula Churna—Ardraka rasa bhavana(7)--Shuddhahingula (RT 9/12) Marana Other Processing Techniques Satwa Patana -Shuddha Hingula—Adhaha patana/Urdhwa patana -Satva (Parada) (RRS – 3/144) Yogas Hinguleshwar rasa Anandabhairava Rasa, Mrutunjaya Rasa, Tribhuvana keerti Rasa, etc. Research Updates A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW ON HINGULA (CINNABAR- HgS) https://ijapr.in/index.php/ijapr/article/view/1237 EXTRACTION OF PARAD FROM HINGULA, A TRADITIONAL AYURVEDIC METHOD https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323601866_EXTRACTION_OF_PARAD_FROM_HINGULA_A_TRADITIONAL_AYURVEDIC_METHOD DrMahantesh.B.Rudrapuri, M.D.(Ayu) FAGE , PGDYT HOD Department of Rasa Shastra&BhaishajyaKalpana Shri Shivayogeeshwar Rural Ayurvedic Medical College, INCHAL – 591 102, Dist: Belgaum Mob: 9972710790

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Active constituent of drugs used in diabetic therapy

1. ACTIVE CONSTITUENT OF DRUGS USED IN DIABETIC THERAPY SCHOOL OF PHARMACY SRTMU, NANDED Guided By - Dr. S.S. Pekamwar (M.Pharm Ph.D, Pharmaceutical chemistry) Presented By – Akshay Kank (M.Pharm Pharmaceutical chemistry)

2. Contents  Introduction-DIABETES  Medicinal plant used for diabetics  Global Burden Of Diabetes  Gymnema sylvestre  Salacia reticulate  Swertia chirata  References

3. Diabetes  Diabetes is a heterogeneous group of syndromes characterized by elevated blood glucose attributed to a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin. Type-1 diabetes(insulin dependent) Type-2 diabetes(insulin independent) Gestational diabetes Diabetes due to genetic defects According to ADA

4. Global Burden Of Diabetes  It is estimated that approximately 285 million people worldwide, or 6.6% in the age group 20-79 will have diabetes in 2013.  According to WHO, this number is expected to increase by more than 50% in the next 20 years if preventive programmes are not put in place.  The largest increases will take place in the regions dominated by developing economies.

6. Medicinal Plants Used For Diabetes Gymnema sylvestre Salacia reticulata Swertia chirata • Several medicinal plants have found potential use as hypoglycemic in the Indian system of medicines, including Ayurveda. • The use of herbs as hypoglycemics is a major avenue in Indian perspectives particularly for treating diabetes. Example - Annona squamosa L. Common name: Sugar apple Lowers blood glucose level.

8. Gymnema Gymnema sylvestre, family- Apocynaceae Common name- Gudmar, Bedakicha pala, Madhunaashini etc.

9. Gymnema- Chemical Constituents Gymenma sylvestre leaves contain triterpene saponins belonging to oleanane and dammarene classes. Oleanane saponins are gymnemic acid and gymnemasaponins, while Dammarene saponin are gymnemasides. Other components are Flavones, anthraquinone, Resins, Tartric acid, Glycosides and Stigmasterol etc.

10. Gymnema- Chemical Constituents Gymnemic acid gymnemasaponin s

11. Mechanism Of Action-Gymnemic acid  There are some possible mechanisms by which the leaves and especially Gymnemic acids from G. sylvestre exert its hypoglycemic effects are:  It increases secretion of insulin  It promotes regeneration of islet cells  It increases utilization of glucose: It is shown to increase the activities of enzymes responsible for utilization of glucose by insulin-dependent pathways, an increase in phosphorylase activity, decrease in gluconeogenic enzymes and sorbitol dehydrogenase and  It causes inhibition of glucose absorption from intestine,the exact action being unknown. It could be involve one or more mechanisms (Nakamura et al., 1999).

12. Other Uses Used in treatment of blood pressure and cardiac rhythms. Decreasing Glycosylated haemoglobin Hb1AC. Used in glycosuria. Used in antiinflammatory, anti helminthes, expectorant and snake bites. Lowering serum cholestrol and triglycerides. Used for weight loss.

13. Some Marketed Products

14. Salacia Reticulate Salacia reticulata, at dry zone forests in Shrilanka Family- Hypocrataceae Common name- Kothala himbutu, Maharimula.

15. Salacia- Chemical Constituents Active Antidiabetic Constituents • Salacinol, Neosalacinol, Kotalanol, Mangiferine, 13MRT Other Constituents • 1,3 diketones, dulcitol, Leucopelargonidine, Glycosidal tannin, Triterpenoids lambertic acid

16. Salacia- Chemical Constituents

17. Mechanism Of Action-Salacinol

18. Salacia  Other Uses- As a anti-inflammatory Treatment of asthma Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Rheumatism  Side effects- Pain in abdomen Nausea Diarrhoea

19. Some Marketed Products

20. References  https://www.researchgate.net/.../260920476  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc217095 1  /pallavibohra/gymnemasylve stre  Natural products, By rapheal Ikan, second edition, Elsevier publication  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc503302 9  Ukaazpublications.com/attached/publication/5%20artic les.20pdf

22. THANK YOU

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Active constituent of drugs used in diabetic therapy

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