Acu
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The Asian Clearing Union (ACU) is a clearinghouse that facilitates payments for intra-regional transactions among participating central banks in Asia. It aims to promote trade, economize on foreign exchange reserves, and reduce transfer costs. The ACU has 9 member economies and is headquartered in Tehran, Iran. Each member appoints representatives to a Board of Directors that governs the ACU and meets at least annually. Membership is open to central banks in the Asia-Pacific region.
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How Zenko Properties Streamlined Financial Operations and Scaled Efficiently ...Ratiobox Limited
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Zenko Properties, a dynamic and fast-growing real estate agency based in the UK, faced mounting operational challenges as its portfolio and client base expanded. Managing financial workflows across multiple property types, client accounts, and compliance requirements had become increasingly complex. Manual bookkeeping, fragmented systems, and limited in-house financial oversight were slowing down growth and exposing the company to potential compliance risks.
Recognising the need for a scalable, technology-driven solution, Zenko Properties partnered with Ratiobox to transform its financial operations. This case study explores how Ratiobox enabled Zenko to achieve greater operational efficiency, compliance assurance, and real-time financial clarity — all without the burden of maintaining a full in-house finance team.
Through a tailored combination of outsourced accounting services, automated bookkeeping, and integrated reporting tools, Ratiobox provided Zenko Properties with an end-to-end financial management solution. Our team began by conducting a deep-dive assessment of Zenko’s legacy accounting practices, identifying critical inefficiencies and opportunities for automation. We then implemented a streamlined accounting framework using cloud-based platforms such as Xero, integrated with Zenko’s CRM and property management systems.
Key improvements included:
Automated transaction processing, eliminating manual errors and reducing month-end closing time by over 50%.
Real-time financial dashboards, giving directors clear visibility into cash flow, revenue streams, and liabilities.
Fully managed payroll and HMRC submissions, ensuring Zenko stayed compliant and up to date with the latest tax regulations.
Scalable support for property acquisitions, enabling the finance function to grow in lockstep with Zenko’s portfolio.
Beyond day-to-day accounting, Ratiobox also delivered strategic insights through periodic reporting and advisory input, helping Zenko's leadership make data-backed decisions on expansion, cost control, and investment timing.
As a result, Zenko Properties not only improved operational efficiency but also gained a future-proof financial infrastructure that supports long-term growth. With fewer internal resources tied up in routine tasks, the team was free to focus on delivering exceptional service to clients and exploring new market opportunities.
Issues of Trust Returns-ITR 7 CA. Ashok D. Mehta
Issues of Trust Returns-ITR 7 CA. Ashok D. Mehtaimccci
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Issues of Trust Returns-ITR 7 CA. Ashok D. Mehta
Business sentiment stabilized in May, but exporters’ anxiety and labor shorta...
Business sentiment stabilized in May, but exporters’ anxiety and labor shorta...?нститут економ?чних досл?джень та пол?тичних консультац?й
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Key points:
? The highest uncertainty in the 3-month perspective was recorded among exporters, 20.7%
? The share of enterprises planning to scale down operations over a 2-year horizon rose to 5%, but 95% do not expect a decline or foresee growth
? Labor shortages remain the main obstacle — 63% of businesses noted this issue
? The second most common obstacles were safety risks and rising prices
? Power outages remain a relatively minor issue — only 7% mentioned it
Most key indicators of business sentiment remained stable in May. The Business Activity Recovery Index remained unchanged from April at 0.13. The aggregated indicator of industrial prospects, which reflects short-term expectations, slightly declined to 0.11 from 0.12 in March–April.
These are the findings of the 37th monthly survey conducted by the IER among 474 industrial enterprises.
Uncertainty in the three-month outlook remained unchanged primarily for key production indicators.
“However, we recorded the highest level of three-month uncertainty among exporters. Every fifth exporter — 20.7% — currently does not know what their export dynamics will be over the next 3–4 months,” said IER Executive Director Oksana Kuziakiv.
Uncertainty decreased over longer horizons — 6-month and 2-year periods. Currently, only 28.7% of respondents find it difficult to predict their activities two years in advance. This is the lowest share since at least October 2022, when 42.3% of businesses reported uncertainty.
“In May, the share of those planning to reduce their enterprise’s activity over two years increased to 5%. This is still a small number, though higher than April’s 1.4%. Nearly 80% don’t foresee major changes. In fact, 95% of respondents indicate that they will either remain unchanged or experience slight growth. Considering the instability, security, and economic challenges Ukraine faces, this is a very good result,” said Oksana Kuziakiv.
The share of enterprises that increased production in May fell from 26.2% to 19.5%, while the share of those that reduced output grew from 10% to 13.5%. The share of businesses planning to increase production in the next 3–4 months slightly declined, from 40.8% to 39.9%.
The total share of enterprises operating at full or near-full production capacity slightly increased in May, from 62% to 63%.
“In January this year, the share of those operating at over 75% of capacity rose significantly. Since then, it has remained relatively unchanged. For example, in May, 53% of companies were in this category,” noted Oksana Kuziakiv.
Expectations for new orders remain cautious: the share of companies with order portfolios longer than a year slightly decreased, from 16% to 15%. On average, the duration of new orders increased from 4.9 to 5 months.
“This happened because the share of those with orders for just one to two months declined from 33% to 24%. Likely, these orders were redistributed: some now work ‘on the fly,’ others shifted into the three-to-five month category,2025 RWA Report: When Crypto Gets Real | CoinGecko
2025 RWA Report: When Crypto Gets Real | CoinGeckoCoinGecko Research
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The revival of real world assets (RWA) in crypto marked one of 2024’s most quietly transformative narratives. While attention remained fixated on memecoins, Layer 2 ecosystems, and political betting markets, RWA steadily evolved from a niche experiment into one of the most credible and capitalized sectors in crypto.
So, how far have the core RWA verticals come since the start of 2024?
We’ve summarized the key highlights, but be sure to dig into the full 18 slides below.INVESTMENT ANALYSIS AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT-1.pptx
INVESTMENT ANALYSIS AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT-1.pptxAnkush Upadhyay
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This presentation analyzes investment strategies for a 30-year-old risk-averse investor with ?50 lakhs. Based on a 35:65 equity-debt allocation, it recommends equity investments in HAL, BEL, and Bajaj Auto due to their strong financials and low debt, and debt investments in government and tax-free bonds with stable yields. The analysis balances risk and return for long-term portfolio growth in the defense sector and public sector bonds.2025 RWA Report: When Crypto Gets Real | CoinGecko
2025 RWA Report: When Crypto Gets Real | CoinGeckoCoinGecko Research
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The revival of real world assets (RWA) in crypto marked one of 2024’s most quietly transformative narratives. While attention remained fixated on memecoins, Layer 2 ecosystems, and political betting markets, RWA steadily evolved from a niche experiment into one of the most credible and capitalized sectors in crypto.
So, how far have the core RWA verticals come since the start of 2024?
We’ve summarized the key highlights, but be sure to dig into the full 18 slides below.Business sentiment stabilized in May, but exporters’ anxiety and labor shorta...
Business sentiment stabilized in May, but exporters’ anxiety and labor shorta...?нститут економ?чних досл?джень та пол?тичних консультац?й
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Acu
- 1. Presented to: Farhana Rob Shampa Senior lecturer of finance Presented by: Romana Akter Id: 110104002 Course title: Bank Management Course code: FIN 4207 Section: B
- 2. Asian Clearing Union (ACU) is the simplest form of payment arrangements whereby the participants settle payments for intra-regional transactions among the participating central banks on a multilateral basis. The ACU is a clearing houses/payments arrangements operating in various regions of the world.
- 3. The main objectives of a clearing union are to ? facilitate payments among member countries for eligible transactions ? economizing on the use of foreign exchange reserves and transfer costs ? promoting trade among the participating countries.
- 4. Asian Clearing Union (ACU) Headquarters Tehran, Iran Type Clearing union Member Economies 9 Leaders ACU Chairman Bhutan Establishment 1974 Website www.asianclearingunion.org
- 5. ? Each participant appoints one director and one alternate director. ? The Board elects a chairman and a vice-chairman from among its members. ? The Board meets at least once a year. ? All decisions of the Board of Directors are taken by a majority of the votes of all Directors unless a special majority is required by the Agreement.
- 6. The central banking authority of member countries has issued detailed instructions and modalities for channeling the monetary transactions through the ACU. Membership in the ACU is open to central banks located in the geographical area of ESCAP.
- 7. Name Central Bank Year Bangladesh Bangladesh Bank 1974 Bhutan Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan 1999 India Reserve Bank of India 1974 Iran Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran 1974 Maldives Maldives Monetary Authority 2009 Myanmar Central Bank of Myanmar 1977 Nepal Nepal Rastra Bank 1974 Pakistan State Bank of Pakistan 1974 Sri Lanka Central Bank of Sri Lanka 1974
- 8. The unit of settlement of ACU transactions is a common unit of account of ACU, and the unit is equivalent to one USD, and the Asian Monetary Unit may be denominated as ACU dollar & EURO Dollars
- 9. The ACU was established in December 1974 when the countries in the region were facing settlement difficulties, mainly due to resource constraints. The ACU started its operations a year later in November 1975. Over the years, the ACU has displayed a sense of true commitment, consolidated and nurtured throughout its operations.
- 10. By applying sound strategies, it achieved pre- determined objectives ? to facilitate settlement on a multilateral basis, ? to promote the use of participants’ currencies, ? to improve monetary and banking cooperation, and ? to expand trade and economic activity among the countries of the ESCAP region.
- 11. ? The results of long-term initiatives to raise the Union achievements are evident from the following facts: 1. Rapid expansion of trade 2. Timely settlement 3. Establishment of multi-currency settlement system 4. Revision of the Agreement Establishing the ACU and Procedure Rules 5. Quality management and information technology 6. Expansion of the ACU Nevertheless, there is still a long way to go. The ACU challenges are to strengthen, smoothen, and streamline the mechanism to cope with fast pacing developments in the international markets.
- 12. Hope its was not bad and thanks to every one.