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PL/SQL DATA TYPES
BY
BAGAVATHI.M

The PL/SQL variables, constants and
parameters must have a valid data type, which
specifies a storage format, constraints, and a
valid range of values.
There are two main data types in
PL/SQL. They are:
1.Scalar.
2.LOB.

SCALAR Datatype:
Single values with no internal components, such as
a NUMBER, DATE, or BOOLEAN.
S.N
O
DESCRIPTION
1 Numeric
Numeric values on which arithmetic operations are performed.
2 Character
Alphanumeric values that represent single characters or strings of
characters.
3 Boolean
Logical values on which logical operations are performed.
4 Datetime
Dates and times.

NUMBERIC DATATYPE:
S.NO DESCRIPTION
1. BINARY_INTEGER
Signed integer in range -2,147,483,648 through 2,147,483,647, represented in 32 bits
2. BINARY_FLOAT
Single-precision IEEE 754-format floating-point number
3. BINARY_DOUBLE
Double-precision IEEE 754-format floating-point number
4. SMALLINT
ANSI and IBM specific integer type with maximum precision of 38 decimal digits
5. NUMBER(pre, scale)
Fixed-point or floating-point number with absolute value in range 1E-130 to (but not
including) 1.0E126. A NUMBER variable can also represent 0

EXAMPLE
Following is a valid declaration
DECLARE
num1 INTEGER;
num2 REAL;
num3 DOUBLE PRECISION;
BEGIN
null;
END;
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces
the following result
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed

PL/SQL Character Data Types and Subtypes
Following is the detail of PL/SQL pre-defined character data types
and their sub-types −
S.N
O
DESCRIPTION
1. CHAR
Fixed-length character string with maximum size of 32,767 bytes
2. VARCHAR2
Variable-length character string with maximum size of 32,767 bytes
3. LONG
Variable-length character string with maximum size of 32,760 bytes

PL/SQL Boolean Data Types
The BOOLEAN data type stores
logical values that are used in logical
operations. The logical values are the
Boolean values TRUE and FALSE and the
value NULL.

PL/SQL Datetime and Interval Types
The DATE datatype is used to store fixed-
length datetimes, which include the time of day in
seconds since midnight. Valid dates range from
January 1, 4712 BC to December 31, 9999 AD.
The default might be 'DD-MON-YY',
which includes a two-digit number for the day of
the month, an abbreviation of the month name, and
the last two digits of the year.

LOB Datatypes
Large Object (LOB) data types refer to large
data items such as text, graphic images, video clips,
and sound waveforms.
LOB data types allow efficient, random,
piecewise access to this data. Following are the
predefined PL/SQL LOB data types −

Data Type Description Size
BFILE
Used to store large binary
objects in operating
system files outside the
database.
System-
dependent.
Cannot exceed 4
gigabytes (GB).
BLOB
Used to store large binary
objects in the database.
8 to 128 terabytes
(TB)
CLOB
Used to store large blocks
of character data in the
database.
8 to 128 TB
NCLOB
Used to store large blocks
of NCHAR data in the
database.
8 to 128 TB

PL/SQL User-Defined Subtypes
 A subtype is a subset of another data type, which is
called its base type. A subtype has the same valid
operations as its base type, but only a subset of its
valid values.
 PL/SQL predefines several subtypes in
package STANDARD. For example, PL/SQL
predefines the
subtypes CHARACTER and INTEGER as follows :

EXAMPLE
DECLARE
SUBTYPE name IS char(20);
SUBTYPE message IS
varchar2(100);
salutation name; greetings message;
BEGIN
salutation := 'Reader ';
greetings := 'Welcome to the World
of PL/SQL';
dbms_output.put_line('Hello ' ||
salutation || greetings);
END;
Hello Reader Welcome to the World of
PL/SQL
PL/SQL procedure successfully
completed.

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