ADHD neurobiological Basis
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ADHD symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are thought to arise from pathology in the prefrontal cortex. Attention has two components - focus and sustain - and deficits in these are linked to deficient activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and dorso lateral prefrontal cortex respectively, as shown by tests like the Stroop test and n-back test. Impulsivity is linked to issues with the orbitofrontal cortex, while motor hyperactivity involves the supplemental motor area. Overall, ADHD appears to be a disorder caused by inefficient tuning of dopamine and norepinephrine in the prefrontal cortex.
ADHD neurobiological Basis
- 1. ADHD Dr Amala Musty Consultant Psychiatrist Columbus Hospital, Begumpet
- 2. NEUROBIOLOGY INTRODUCTION ADHD AS A DISORDER OF PREFRONTAL CORTEX
- 3. ADHD symptoms : Hyperactivity Inattention Impulsivity All these symptoms hypothesized to arise from PREFRONTAL CORTEX PATHOLOGY
- 4. Attention has 2 components Focus & Sustain
- 5. Deficit in the focus of attention aka selective inattention Is a function of dACC(dorsal anterior cingulate cortex) Is tested by STROOP TEST There is absent/deficient activation of dACC in ADHD pts.
- 6. Deficit in sustain attention leads to executive dysfunction thus inability to solve problems Related to DLPFC(dorso lateral prefortal cortex) DLPFC activity tested by n-back test DLPFC activation is deficient or absent
- 7. Executive dysfunction is also found in Schizophrenia Mania Anxiety
- 8. Impulsivity Linked to Orbitofrontal cortex Where impulsivity is seen also seen in substance abuse schizophrenia mania suicidality
- 9. Motor hyperactivity Linked to supplemental motor area
- 10. ADHD disorder of inefficient tuning of prefrontal cortex by dopamine and norepinephrine