Aeo bits
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This document contains a series of multiple choice questions about agriculture topics like plant growth factors, effects of moisture stress on cells, crop growth stages, harvest index equation, percentage of radiation used in photosynthesis, preparation time for crop yarns, inorganic vs organic matter, most digestible non-leguminous crop, diseases from sorghum consumption, multicut sorghum varieties, nitrogen content in green manure crops, India's rank as a fruit producer, white rust disease, approved Bt cotton varieties, nitrogenous fertilizers, year of MSP introduction, benefits of crop rotation, potassium content in potassium chloride, gas released from paddy fields, post-harvest losses in India, highest water use efficiency irrigation method,
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### **Botanical Features:**
- **Appearance:** Sorghum is an annual grass that grows to heights ranging from 0.6 to 4 meters, depending on the variety. The plant has broad leaves and a compact, branched inflorescence known as a panicle, where the grain develops.
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- **Growth Period:** The crop has a growth cycle of about 90 to 120 days, depending on the variety and growing conditions.
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- **Food:** In many developing countries, sorghum is a dietary staple. The grain is ground into flour and used to make bread, porridge, and other traditional foods. It is gluten-free, making it suitable for people with celiac disease.
- **Feed:** Sorghum is also widely used as animal feed, particularly for poultry and cattle.
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**1. What Is Organic Manure?**
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**2. Composition of Organic Manure:**
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- **Organic Matter:** The carbon-containing compounds in organic manure help improve soil structure and water retention. Soil with higher organic matter content yields better crops and is more resistant to erosion.
- **Solids:** Fresh manure has a high water content. Once the water is removed, the solid portion can be repurposed as bedding material for farm animals.
- **Energy:** The energy within manure can be harnessed to generate **biogas, bio-oil fuels,** and **syngas**. This renewable energy source also prevents the release of greenhouse gases like methane into the atmosphere.
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- **Carbon Sequestration:** Adding carbon from manure to the soil helps reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.
- **Beneficial Microbes:** Manure introduces beneficial microbes to the soil, supporting overall soil health.
**4. Sustainable Alternative to Chemical Fertilizers:**
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- **Soil:** The crop is adaptable to a wide range of soils but performs best in well-drained, loamy soils with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5.
### **Cultivation:**
- **Planting:** Sorghum is typically planted in rows, and it requires less water and fertilizer compared to other cereal crops like maize. It is usually sown during the warm season.
- **Growth Period:** The crop has a growth cycle of about 90 to 120 days, depending on the variety and growing conditions.
### **Uses:**
- **Food:** In many developing countries, sorghum is a dietary staple. The grain is ground into flour and used to make bread, porridge, and other traditional foods. It is gluten-free, making it suitable for people with celiac disease.
- **Feed:** Sorghum is also widely used as animal feed, particularly for poultry and cattle.
- **Industrial Uses:** Sorghum is used in the production of biofuels, alcoholic beverages, and other industrial products like starch and syrup.
### **Nutritional Value:**
- **Rich in Nutrients:** Sorghum is a good source of energy, carbohydrates, protein, dietary fiber, and several essential vitamins and minerals, including B vitamins, magnesium, phosphorus, and iron.
- **Health Benefits:** Being gluten-free, it's a suitable grain for those with gluten intolerance. It also contains antioxidants and has a low glycemic index, making it beneficial for managing blood sugar levels.
### **Economic Importance:**
- **Global Production:** Sorghum is one of the top five cereal crops in the world, with major producers including the United States, Nigeria, India, and Mexico.
- **Drought Resistance:** Its ability to grow in harsh, dry conditions makes it a critical crop for food security in regions vulnerable to climate change.
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**Organic Manures: A Comprehensive Overview**
**1. What Is Organic Manure?**
Organic manure, often referred to simply as **"compost,"** is a nutrient-rich, soil-enhancing substance derived from the decomposition of organic materials. These materials can range from kitchen scraps and yard waste to crop residues and livestock manure.
**2. Composition of Organic Manure:**
Organic manures are primarily composed of the following components:
- **Nutrients:** Organic manures contain essential plant nutrients, including **nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium**. These nutrients are crucial for plant growth and development. When incorporated into the soil, they improve soil quality and enhance crop productivity.
- **Organic Matter:** The carbon-containing compounds in organic manure help improve soil structure and water retention. Soil with higher organic matter content yields better crops and is more resistant to erosion.
- **Solids:** Fresh manure has a high water content. Once the water is removed, the solid portion can be repurposed as bedding material for farm animals.
- **Energy:** The energy within manure can be harnessed to generate **biogas, bio-oil fuels,** and **syngas**. This renewable energy source also prevents the release of greenhouse gases like methane into the atmosphere.
- **Fiber:** Manure contains undigested food and bedding materials, which can be used to create products such as seed starter pots and building materials.
**3. Environmental Benefits of Organic Manure:**
- **Nutrient Supply:** Organic manures supply essential nutrients to plants, promoting healthy growth and yield.
- **Improved Soil Structure:** The organic matter in manure enhances soil structure, making it more crumbly and better at retaining water.
- **Carbon Sequestration:** Adding carbon from manure to the soil helps reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.
- **Beneficial Microbes:** Manure introduces beneficial microbes to the soil, supporting overall soil health.
**4. Sustainable Alternative to Chemical Fertilizers:**
Using manure in gardens and agricultural fields is a more environmentally friendly option than chemical fertilizers. Inorganic fertilizers are energy-intensive to produce, whereas manure is a natural resource that recycles organic waste.
**5. Preparation and Application:**
Before applying manure to plants, it needs to be prepared correctly. Composting and proper storage ensure that manure is safe and effective for plant growth.
In summary, organic manures play a vital role in sustainable agriculture by enriching soil, providing nutrients, and reducing waste. By utilizing this valuable resource, we can promote healthier ecosystems and support food production without compromising the environment. 艶瑞
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Aeo bits
- 1. AGRICULTURE BITS PRESENTS : AGRITUTORIALS BY K.VENKATKIRAN REDDY
- 2. AGRICULTURESolvedobjectiveQuestionsFreeMultiple ChoiceQuestions 1. How many factors are identified for influencing plant growth till now ? (A) 55 (B) 60 (C) 52 (D) 50 Answer:C
- 3. 2, How does the moisture stress affect the cell (A) Affect cell division (B) Affect cell expansion (C) Cell mortality rate is affected (D) No effect on cell Answer:A
- 4. 3. At the vegetative growth stage, flowering is stopped in foodgrain crops, known as A) sigmoid growth curve (B) determinate growth (C) indeterminate growth (D) grand growth period Answer:B
- 5. 4. Which one of the following can be assessed by using the following equation ? A= Economic Production / Biomass Production (A) Panicle emergence rate (B) Rate of flowering (C) Harvest Index (D) Leaf production rate Answer:C
- 6. 5. How much radiation energy percentage radiating on plant is used in photosynthesis ? (A) 0.50%- 2.10% (B) 0.2% - 166% (C) 0.25%- 0.30% (D) 0.16%- 0.24% Answer:B
- 8. 6. The crop with yarns of sunnhemp is prepared in A) 12-15 weeks (B) 15-17weeks (C) 10-12 weeks (D) 8- 10 weeks Answer:A
- 9. 7. Which is not an inorganic matter in the following ? (A) Magnesium (B) Iron (C) Fat (D) Iodine Answer:C
- 10. 8. Which is the highest digestible protein non- leguminous crop among the following (A) Napier (B) Maize silage (C) Maize (D) Jowar Answer:D
- 11. 9. Which disease occurs, when more sorghum is consumed ? (A) Rickets (B) Scurvy (C) Nightblindness (D) Pellagra Answer:D
- 12. 10. Which Sorghum variety is not multicut ? (A) Pusa Chari2 (B) M.P. Chari2 (C) M.P. Chari (D) U.P. Chari1 Answer:D
- 14. AGRICULTURE BITS PRESENTS : AGRITUTORIALS BY K.VENKATKIRAN REDDY
- 15. AGRICULTURESolvedobjectiveQuestionsFreeMultiple ChoiceQuestions Q. Which of the following green manure crops contains highest amount of nitrogen ? 1) Dhaincha 2) Sunhemp 3) Cow Pea 4) Guar View Answer ANS: 1
- 16. Q. What is the rank of India in the world as a fruit producer ? 1) Third 2) Fourth 3) First 4) Second View Answer ANS: 4
- 17. Q. White rust is an important fungal disease of - 1) Wheat 2) Mustard 3) Rice 4) Bajra View Answer ANS: 2
- 18. Q. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has identified three Bt cotton varieties for cultivation in Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan which were developed by Punjab Agricultural University in Ludhiana recently. BT1861
- 19. Q. Which of the following is not a nitrogenous fertilizer? 1) Ammonium sulphate 2) Urea 3) Ammonium nitrate 4) Super phosphate View Answer ANS: 4
- 20. Q. The Minimum Support Price for Foodgrains was introduced in the year - 1) 1954 2) 1944 3) 1964 4) 1974 View Answer ANS: 3
- 21. Q. Crop rotation helps to 1) lessen use of pesticides 2) yield more crops 3) produce a greater choice of plant products 4) eliminate parasites which have selective hosts View Answer ANS: 4
- 22. Q. Potassium chloride contains K - 1) 18% 2) 48% 3) 44% 4) 60% View Answer ANS: 4
- 23. Q. Which gas is released from paddy fields? 1) CO2 2) H2S 3) CH4 4) NH3 View Answer ANS: 3
- 24. Q. In India post-harvest losses of fruit and vegetable is... per cent of the total production. 1) 15-20 2) 50-50 3) 40-45 4) 25-30 View Answer ANS: 4
- 25. Q. Water use efficiency is the highest is case of-- 1) Border irrigation 2) Drip irrigation 3) Sprinkler irrigation 4) Flood irrigation View Answer ANS: 2
- 26. Q. Atmosphere is essential for-- 1) Winds 2) Cloud formation 3) Weather phenomena 4) All of these View Answer ANS: 3