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Akos Murber - Female endocrine functions - summary

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Katalin Cseh

This document summarizes the female menstrual cycle and the roles of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries. It explains that the hypothalamus produces GnRH, stimulating the pituitary to release LH and FSH, controlling follicular growth and ovulation in the ovaries. The ovaries produce hormones like estrogen and progesterone that provide feedback to the hypothalamus and pituitary. Key events in the ovarian cycle include follicular growth, ovulation, luteal function after the corpus luteum forms, and luteal regression at the end of the cycle.

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Ovaries Reproductive tract Other targets Steroids Feedback Hypothalamus GnRH(gonadotrophin releasing hormone) Pituitary LH FSH + (gonadotrophins) Menstruation is an external indicator of ovarian events controlled by the hypothalamic- pituitary axis Roles of the ovary 1. Gametes (ova) 2. Hormones MENSTRUATION (oestradiol, progesterone).
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Timing events in the menstrual cycle. 2. LH surge Day 1 Menstruation Day 1 LH OVULATION Days before Days after Follicular phase Luteal phase
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 LH Day 1 Menstruation OVULATION Animated ovarian events Progesterone (and oestradiol) Oestradiol 1. Follicular growth Key events in the ovarian cycle 3. Luteal function 2. Ovulation 4. Luteal regression
Hypothalamus Pituitary Ovaries GnRH Oestradiol (E2) + _ Oestradiol INHIBIN Small follicles: very dependent on FSH Large follicles: less dependent on FSH FSH Decreased FSH + + Growth factors Oestradiol Insufficient FSH Dominant follicle Increasing negative feedback
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Insufficient FSH to keep smaller follicles going they become atretic. Oestradiol FSH FSH secretion suppressed Dominant follicle(s) can survive
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 OVULATION Oestradiol Progesterone What maintains the CL? Why does the CL degenerate at the end of the cycle? Follicular phase: Oestradiol domination Luteal phase: Progesterone domination

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Akos Murber - Female endocrine functions - summary

  • 1. Ovaries Reproductive tract Other targets Steroids Feedback Hypothalamus GnRH(gonadotrophin releasing hormone) Pituitary LH FSH + (gonadotrophins) Menstruation is an external indicator of ovarian events controlled by the hypothalamic- pituitary axis Roles of the ovary 1. Gametes (ova) 2. Hormones MENSTRUATION (oestradiol, progesterone).
  • 2. 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Timing events in the menstrual cycle. 2. LH surge Day 1 Menstruation Day 1 LH OVULATION Days before Days after Follicular phase Luteal phase
  • 3. 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 LH Day 1 Menstruation OVULATION Animated ovarian events Progesterone (and oestradiol) Oestradiol 1. Follicular growth Key events in the ovarian cycle 3. Luteal function 2. Ovulation 4. Luteal regression
  • 4. Hypothalamus Pituitary Ovaries GnRH Oestradiol (E2) + _ Oestradiol INHIBIN Small follicles: very dependent on FSH Large follicles: less dependent on FSH FSH Decreased FSH + + Growth factors Oestradiol Insufficient FSH Dominant follicle Increasing negative feedback
  • 5. 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Insufficient FSH to keep smaller follicles going they become atretic. Oestradiol FSH FSH secretion suppressed Dominant follicle(s) can survive
  • 6. 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 OVULATION Oestradiol Progesterone What maintains the CL? Why does the CL degenerate at the end of the cycle? Follicular phase: Oestradiol domination Luteal phase: Progesterone domination